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IDEA Definition of Speech or Language Impairment

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A communication disorder such as stuttering, impaired articulation, language impairment, or a voice impairment that adversely affects a child's educational performance.

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Communication

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Requires a message, a sender, a receiver, and a channel

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5 Components of Language

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Phonology--Morphology--Syntax--Form Semantics--Content Pragmatics--Function

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Language Disorders

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Specific language impairment Language delay Aphasia Central Auditory Processing Disorder

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Elements of Speech

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Voice--Pitch,Intensity, Quality Resonance Articulation Fluency

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Prevalence of Speech Language Disorders

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2:1 boys than girls

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Causes of Speech Language Disorders

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Biological--physical causes, emotional causes, brain injury, heredity Environmental Causes--neglect or abuse, poverty, malnutrition

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Cognitive and Academic Characteristics

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Problems occur across the entire range of cognitive abilities Problems may profoundly affect a student's learning High risk of reading difficulties for students with speech and language delays

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Social and Emotional Characteristics

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Students may have low self-esteem Students may experience social isolation Students may develop behavior problems

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Speech Assessments

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Formal tests of articulation Spontaneous language samples Developmental history Examination of mouth, teeth, palate

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Language Assessments

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Formal and informal assessments Samples of student's written schoolwork Observations in classroom and other settings Precautions necessary when assessing students whose first language is not English

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Eligibility Questions

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Does student have significant delay or difference in speech/language for her age? Does student's speech/language adversely affect educational performance? Can student benefit from special education intervention?

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AAC

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Augmentative and alternative communication ---Unaided__sign language ---Aided___depends on equipment or materials __________communication board, computer with speech processor, word prediction software

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The First Formal Training Programs For Speech/Language Pathologists Were Established In The

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1930s

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In IDEA, which term is used to describe individuals with communication disorders?

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Communication Disorder

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The first training programs for speech/language pathologists were established in the

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1930s

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In IDEA, Which term is used to describe individuals with communication disorders

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Speech or Language impairment

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Jason is 3 years old and seems to understand everything that is said to him. However, he cannot produce language in order to communicate. Which of the following are true

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Jason has good receptive language, but poor expressive lang

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Communication

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The exchange of information and knowledge among participants

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Misha is a 3-year old who has just began talking. She has a vocabulary of approximately twenty words. She has language but has acquired it at a much slower rate than children her age. This is called

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Language Delay

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CAPD

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Central Auditory Processing Disorder

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Researchers estimate what percentage of children in first grade have a speech disorder

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5%

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Children with speech and language disorders

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Are at an academic disadvantage almost from the time they begin school

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Children who have significant speech or language delays are at higher risk for experiencing

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Reading difficulties

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Reading difficulties can be directly related to students

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All of the above

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Researcher found that the intensity of language disorders for students with emotional and behavior disorders

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Increases as students get older

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Students with speech and language disorders struggle socially and emotionally because

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They may be the target of peer teasing

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A speech disorder is characterized as

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A problem with articulation, voice, resonance, or fluency

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An example of a spontaneous language sample is

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Engaging students in a conversation

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A speech/language pathologist's assessment methods include

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All of the above

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An example of informal measures used in identifying students with language impairments is

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Parent and teacher interviews

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Language assessments may include

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All

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Benefit of eliminating distractions for the young children

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Pullout

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The way in which speech-language services are implemented depends on

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The nature of the disability

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The most appropriate setting in which student can learn speech and language skills and practice them is

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General education classroom

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Which is specialized intervention that students with speech and language disordrs may need

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Articulation therapy

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ASHA

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American Speech-Language-Hearing Association

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Benjamin is a high schools student

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Aided AAC

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One caution when using technology for older students is that

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Age-appropriate programs should be used

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Professionals can assist parents in effectively interacting with their children with speech and language disordres by

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Increasing parent awareness and understanding of speech and language development

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The structure of language and rules that govern it refers to

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Dialect

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Examples of cultural factors that may affect language are

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Accent and dialect

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Code switching occurs when

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Students use Standard English when it's appropriate and idalect with family and community

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Warren is a very bright and athletic

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CAPD

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In the U.S., the firs textbook on speech disorders was published by SCL Potter

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True

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Syntax is a set of rules that determines the order in which words are used

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True

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It is easy to generalize the cognitive characteristics of students with speech and language disorders

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False

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Experts estimate that prevalence of language disorders among female juvenile delinquents is there times greater than in the rest of the population

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True

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Parents need to be involved in a child's speech and language development skills

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True

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What does it mean if someone has the ability to code switch? What culture

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Switching from Standard English to other dialect African American

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What is central auditory processing and why is it such a controversial topic among professionals

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CAP- brain does not effectively interpret the auditory information that comes from their ears Some view it instead as related to ADHD, LD, or specific language impairment

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What are two ways that professional can assist parents in enhancing parent awareness and understanding of speech and language disorders?

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Have a summer "sound camp" phonemic awareness Show how to use small steps and implement them in home-based activities.

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What is the difference between aided and unaided augmentative and alternative communication(AAC)

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Aided depend on equipment and unaided don't require equipment

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Why is collaboration between speech/language pathologists and teachers important?

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General and special education teachers need to keep speech/language pathologists informed about critical curriculum topics being addressed and problems that they observe in students. SLP's need to initiate conversation to discuss needs of student.

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What are the three reasons that support the significance of early intervention for students with speech and language disorders?

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The earlier the intervention, the more likely the problem will be solved, Services can be intense, Notion of intensity

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What is the difference between expressive and receptive language

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Expressive- production of language Receptive: comprehension of language

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What types of reading difficulties do students with speech and language disorders experience

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Learning to sound out words, adding prefixes or suffixes, no rhythm

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What precaution must be taken when assessing a student whose first language is not English for speech and communication disorders?

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Directions no confusing, test must be developed for use with the students to whom is being administered.

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What are three examples of articulation disorders?

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Omissions, Substitutions, addition

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In what ways have interventions for children with speech and language disorders changed from the beginning of the 20th century to today? How did the passage of P.L 94-142 influence the interventions of speech and language services currently being practiced?

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Emphasis on treatment for children expands again, blending speech, language, and the context for communication Research in speech/language area recognizes the importance of and studies the communication partner. Caseloads significantly reduced because of those requirements.

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What are some of the academic, social, and behavior characteristics of students with speech and language disorders? Which of these categories do you feel has the most affect on students' academic success? Support with information from the text and personal experience.

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Academic: may struggle with communicating, not advance as quickly as the school system would like. Reading Social: I like participating in class, but when I'm answering questions (and stutter) I always hear whispers of people giggling. Not understand words, Isolated socially Behavior: resort to inappropriate behaviors, not able to express

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How are students with speech and language disorders identified? Do you feel the formal or informal assessments used for identifying students with communication disorders are most effective?

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Some students are not able to clearly distinguish among the words being spoken because they cannot discriminate among similar sounds. Several types of assessments. pg 279`

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Compare and contrast the traditional approach to early speech and language interventions with inclusive practices. Which approach do you feel is more effective in treating students with communication disorders?

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Having a pull-out with the pathologist. pg 282 Having them in the room although it could be distracting

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Why is speaking with parents from diverse groups about student's speech and language needs challenging

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PG 291

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