EXP3404C Chapter 4 – Flashcards
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Shepard Siegel's work suggests that some deaths attributed to _____________ are actually the result of conditioning.
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drug overdose
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Staats and Staats demonstrated that both positive and negative biases could be established through conditioning.
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True
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Blue jays acquire a taste aversion for _________.
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monarch butterflies
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The first person to use counterconditioning to treat a phobia was probably__________.
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Mary Cover Jones
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Mary Cover Jones cured Peter's fear of ______.
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Rabbit
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Elnora Stuart and colleagues paired slides of pleasant scenes with__________.
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Toothpaste
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Barry Maletzky treated exhibitionists by having them imagine that they were about to perform the inappropriate behavior, and then _______.
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exposing them to an unpleasant odor
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Studies of taste aversion demonstrate that conditioning can occur despite a long inter-stimulus Interval
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True
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Diana Woodruff-Pak found that people who condition slowly are more likely to develop ___________.
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dementia
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People are most likely to tolerate painful and humiliating events if these events consistently __________.
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precede positive events
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VRET owes a debt to the work of Mary Cover Jones.
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True
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Peter's fear, like Albert's, was the result of conditioning by a researcher.
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False
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VRET stands for _________.
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Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
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Pavlovian conditioning is an adaptive mechanism but can nevertheless result in the acquisition of maladaptive behavior.
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True
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The studies of Carolyn and Arthur Staats demonstrating that neutral words paired with pleasant words become pleasant are examples of__________.
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higher-order conditioning
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The CS and US in the Little Albert experiment were a __________, respectively.
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rat and loud sound
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Blue jays usually do not eat Monarch butterflies. This is an example of a(n) __________.
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conditioned taste aversion
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Barbara Rothbaum and colleagues used virtual reality exposure therapy to treat a fear of __________.
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Flying
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Exposure therapy is really a form of counterconditioning.
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True
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Prejudice is an example of a CER, or __________.
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Conditioned Emotional Response
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Arne Ohman and his colleagues used conditioning to establish a fear of ______ in college students.
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snakes b.heights c. closed spaces d. darkness
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One VRET program for treating spider phobias is called ______.
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SpiderWorld
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The CS in the Little Albert experiment was a __________.
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Rat
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Pavlov found that when he paired painful stimuli with food, the dog came to show no distress at the painful stimuli. This experiment may help explain __________ behavior in humans.
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masochistic
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Garcia's interest in the role of learning in taste aversions may have begun when he became sick after eating ____________.
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licorice
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Research shows that when women receiving chemotherapy return to the hospital, they show __________.
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decreased immune functioning
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Senatorial candidate Smith's popularity increased dramatically after he was seen on television shaking hands with a very popular public figure. This is probably an example of__________.
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emotional conditioning
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Conditioned Reflexes and Psychiatry was written by __________.
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Ivan Pavlov
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If a person sneezes after coming close to a realistic-looking artificial flower, you can be pretty sure that he or she is__________.
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allergic to pollen
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A follow-up of exhibitionists treated by Barry Maletzky with a variation of aversion therapy showed that those who had undergone treatment involuntarily ____________.
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improved as much as voluntary patients
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Garcia's first experiment on taste aversion was unusual in that the ________.
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interval between CS and US was several minutes
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The phenomenon of __________ suggests that we should be more likely to develop aversions to novel foods than to familiar ones.
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latent inhibition
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Researchers tried to change the preferences for two brands of ____________ but were unsuccessful when the subjects were strongly attached to a brand.
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Soft drinks
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In treating Peter's fear of rabbits, Jones used a procedure called__________.
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counterconditioning
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Peter's fear of a rabbit was established in a laboratory.
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False
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In ______ therapy, a stimulus that elicits an inappropriate response is paired with a negative stimulus such as shock or an emetic drug.
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aversion
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Morgan Doran and his colleagues found that after taste aversion training, ___________ would remove weeds from a vineyard without damaging the grape plants.
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Sheep
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Thomas Parish and colleagues reduced the bias of white American children toward the Vietnamese by pairing images of Vietnamese with________.
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Positive words
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If an aversive stimulus, such as a noxious odor, regularly precedes a pleasant stimulus, such as a tasty meal, the former stimulus may lose much of its unpleasant quality.
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True
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The CS and US in the Garcia et al. experiment were__________.
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flavored water and radiation
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Pavlovian conditioning suggests that stimuli associated with chemotherapy (such as the clinic where the patient is treated) might suppress the patient's system.
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Immune
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