Question 1

The use of classical conditioning to change feelings (such as likes and dislikes) is sometimes called ___________.

Accepted Answer

evaluative conditioning

Question 2

Political campaign ads attempt to use conditioning by pairing their candidate with stimuli that evoke  positive emotions and by pairing the opponent candidate with stimuli that evoke negative emotions.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 3

Pavlovian conditioning accounts for negative emotions, but not for positive ones.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 4

The most recent variation of counterconditioning involves__________.

Accepted Answer

virtual reality

Question 5

Shepard Siegel\'s work suggests that some deaths attributed to _____________ are actually the result  of conditioning.

Accepted Answer

drug overdose

Question 6

Staats and Staats demonstrated that both positive and negative biases could be established through  conditioning.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 7

Blue jays acquire a taste aversion for _________.

Accepted Answer

monarch butterflies

Question 8

The first person to use counterconditioning to treat a phobia was probably__________.

Accepted Answer

Mary Cover Jones

Question 9

Mary Cover Jones cured Peter\'s fear of ______.

Accepted Answer

Rabbit

Question 10

Elnora Stuart and colleagues paired slides of pleasant scenes with__________.

Accepted Answer

Toothpaste

Question 11

Barry Maletzky treated exhibitionists by having them imagine that they were about to perform the inappropriate behavior, and then _______.

Accepted Answer

exposing them to an unpleasant odor

Question 12

Studies of taste aversion demonstrate that conditioning can occur despite a long inter-stimulus  Interval

Accepted Answer

True

Question 13

Diana Woodruff-Pak found that people who condition slowly are more likely to develop ___________.

Accepted Answer

dementia

Question 14

People are most likely to tolerate painful and humiliating events if these events consistently __________.

Accepted Answer

precede positive events

Question 15

VRET owes a debt to the work of Mary Cover Jones.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 16

Peter\'s fear, like Albert\'s, was the result of conditioning by a researcher.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 17

VRET stands for _________.

Accepted Answer

Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy

Question 18

Pavlovian conditioning is an adaptive mechanism but can nevertheless result in the acquisition of maladaptive behavior.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 19

The studies of Carolyn and Arthur Staats demonstrating that neutral words paired with pleasant words become pleasant are examples of__________.

Accepted Answer

higher-order conditioning

Question 20

The CS and US in the Little Albert experiment were a __________, respectively.

Accepted Answer

rat and loud sound

Question 21

Blue jays usually do not eat Monarch butterflies. This is an example of a(n) __________.

Accepted Answer

conditioned taste aversion

Question 22

Barbara Rothbaum and colleagues used virtual reality exposure therapy to treat a fear of __________.

Accepted Answer

Flying

Question 23

Exposure therapy is really a form of counterconditioning.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 24

Prejudice is an example of a CER, or __________.

Accepted Answer

Conditioned Emotional Response

Question 25

Arne Ohman and his colleagues used conditioning to establish a fear of ______ in college students.

Accepted Answer

snakes b.heights c. closed spaces d. darkness

Question 26

One VRET program for treating spider phobias is called ______.

Accepted Answer

SpiderWorld

Question 27

The CS in the Little Albert experiment was a __________.

Accepted Answer

Rat

Question 28

Pavlov found that when he paired painful stimuli with food, the dog came to show no distress at the painful stimuli. This experiment may help explain __________ behavior in humans.

Accepted Answer

masochistic

Question 29

Garcia\'s interest in the role of learning in taste aversions may have begun when he became sick after eating ____________.

Accepted Answer

licorice

Question 30

Research shows that when women receiving chemotherapy return to the hospital, they show __________.

Accepted Answer

decreased immune functioning

Question 31

Senatorial candidate Smith\'s popularity increased dramatically after he was seen on television shaking  hands with a very popular public figure. This is probably an example of__________.

Accepted Answer

emotional conditioning

Question 32

Conditioned Reflexes and Psychiatry was written by __________.

Accepted Answer

Ivan Pavlov

Question 33

If a person sneezes after coming close to a realistic-looking artificial flower, you can be pretty sure that he or she is__________.

Accepted Answer

allergic to pollen

Question 34

A follow-up of exhibitionists treated by Barry Maletzky with a variation of aversion therapy showed that those who had undergone treatment involuntarily ____________.

Accepted Answer

improved as much as voluntary patients

Question 35

Garcia\'s first experiment on taste aversion was unusual in that the ________.

Accepted Answer

interval between CS and US was several minutes

Question 36

The phenomenon of __________ suggests that we should be more likely to develop aversions to novel foods than to familiar ones.

Accepted Answer

latent inhibition

Question 37

Researchers tried to change the preferences for two brands of ____________ but were unsuccessful when the subjects were strongly attached to a brand.

Accepted Answer

Soft drinks

Question 38

In treating Peter\'s fear of rabbits, Jones used a procedure called__________.

Accepted Answer

counterconditioning

Question 39

Peter\'s fear of a rabbit was established in a laboratory.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 40

In ______ therapy, a stimulus that elicits an inappropriate response is paired with a negative stimulus such as shock or an emetic drug.

Accepted Answer

aversion

Question 41

Morgan Doran and his colleagues found that after taste aversion training, ___________ would remove weeds from a vineyard without damaging the grape plants.

Accepted Answer

Sheep

Question 42

Thomas Parish and colleagues reduced the bias of white American children toward the Vietnamese by pairing images of Vietnamese with________.

Accepted Answer

Positive words

Question 43

If an aversive stimulus, such as a noxious odor, regularly precedes a pleasant stimulus, such as a tasty meal, the former stimulus may lose much of its unpleasant quality.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 44

The CS and US in the Garcia et al. experiment were__________.

Accepted Answer

flavored water and radiation

Question 45

Pavlovian conditioning suggests that stimuli associated with chemotherapy (such as the clinic where  the patient is treated) might suppress the patient\'s system.

Accepted Answer

Immune

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