EXP 3404C Chapter 8 – Flashcards

Murray Sidman's book on aversive control, including punishment, is called ______.

________ punishment is often confused with ________ reinforcement.

David Camp and colleagues found that even a delay of only _____ reduced the effectiveness of a punisher.

Positive and negative punishment have in common that they both ________ the frequency of behavior.

Although punishment can have negative side effects, there is evidence that it can also have positive side effects.

The one process in the one-process theory of punishment is ________.

Generally speaking, the more intense a punisher, the _______.

The two-process theory of punishment assumes that punishment involves ___________.

When a student repeatedly behaves in an inappropriate way, probably the teacher's first step should be to ______.

When aversive events occur independently of behavior they are called _______

When disciplining their son, Jacob, Mr. and Ms Grinch begin with an extremely mild form of punishment and gradually increase its strength if the offenses continue. This procedure is likely to result in _______.

Each time Charles, who has a lisp, says "Mithithippi" or the like, his wife, Evelyn, yells, "Idiot!" However, there is no evidence that Evelyn's efforts to reduce the frequency of such mispronunciations have been effective. We can therefore conclude that ______.

Harriet hears a noise in the kitchen and investigates. She finds the cookie jar in pieces on the floor and 5-year-old Willy standing nearby. Harriet knows what happened, but asks Willy anyway. Willy admits that he broke the jar while trying to get cookies. Harriet gives Willy a spanking. Willy is most likely to learn from this experience that _______.

In using punishment, it is best to begin with a weak punisher and gradually increase its strength as needed.

Negative punishment is also sometimes called ______ training.

Research has shown that abnormal behavior is often _______ .

One problem with punishment is the tendency to imitate the use of punishment. Two other problems are________.

The term punishment, as used by behavior scientists, has nothing to do with retribution

The use of punishers is so common that _______ concluded that "The world runs on fear."

When using punishment to suppress an undesirable behavior, it is important to provide alternative means of obtaining the reinforcers that have maintained that behavior.

If a rat receives a shock each time it presses a lever, but not otherwise, we can say that _______.

David Camp and colleagues found that, compared to a two-second delay in punishment, a 30-second delay resulted in _______.

One way to make punishment more effective is to provide an alternative means of obtaining reinforcement.

Differential reinforcement is best used in combination with ______.

The one-process theory of punishment goes back to ________.

Frequent use of weak punishers is more effective than occasional use of intense punishers.

An early theory of punishment proposed that response suppression occurred because aversives disrupt ongoing behavior.

Positive punishment necessarily involves aversives.

Farmer Gable had a problem with motorcyclists riding across his meadow land, tearing up sod and frightening his cattle. He installed barbed wire fencing in the area and no longer had a problem. Gable's approach is best described as an example of _______.

In positive punishment, a stimulus that serves as a punisher is called a(n) _________.

Abnormal behavior may persist despite aversive consequences because it also produces reinforcing consequences.

The word positive in positive punishment refers to the fact that _______.

Of the following procedures, the one that reinforces behavior that cannot be performed at the same time as the unwanted behavior is ______.

One problem with extinction as a way of reducing the frequency of potentially harmful behavior is that _________.

Of the following procedures, the one that focuses on reducing the rate at which a behavior occurs is ________.

Delaying delivery of a punisher is most likely to ______.

The first formal studies of punishment were probably done by _________ .

If Charles Catania's thinking about reinforcement is applied to punishment, we can say that all of the following are true of punishment except _______.

All of the following enhance the effectiveness of punishment except _______.

Positive punishment is most often confused with _______.

Each time Charles, who has a lisp, says "Mithithippi" or the like, his wife, Evelyn, yells, "Idiot!" However, there is no evidence that Evelyn's efforts to reduce the frequency of such mispronunciations have been effective. We can therefore conclude that ______.

One problem with punishment is the tendency to imitate the use of punishment. Two other problems are________.

One way to make punishment more effective is to provide an alternative means of obtaining reinforcement.

Of the following procedures, the one that reinforces behavior that cannot be performed at the same time as the unwanted behavior is ______.

Although punishment can have negative side effects, there is evidence that it can also have positive side effects.

Abnormal behavior may persist despite aversive consequences because it also produces reinforcing consequences.

The main difference between positive and negative punishment is that in negative punishment a stimulus is_________.

In using punishment, it is best to begin with a weak punisher and gradually increase its strength as needed.

One way to make punishment more effective is to provide an alternative means of obtaining reinforcement.

Positive and negative punishment have in common that they both ________ the frequency of behavior.