Existential, Humanistic, and Gestalt Therapies – Flashcards
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1. Two people are in psychological contact 2. The client is in a state of incongruence 3. The therapist is congruent and genuine in the relationship 4. The therapist experiences unconditional positive regard for the client 5. The therapist is empathetic towards the clients internal frame of reference and tries to communicate this with the client 6. Communication is understood by the client to a minimal degree
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Six necessary and sufficient conditions for change as described by Carl Rogers
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The ideal self, self image, and true self are balanced
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Congruence
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what you want to be
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ideal self
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who you are
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true self
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what we think others se us as
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self image
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an unbalance in the ideal self, self image, and true self
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incongruence
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One of Perl's 5 defenses; human tendency to imitate and replicate the behaviors of others
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Introjection
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One of Perl's 5 defenses; projection is when someone is threatened by or afraid of their own impulses so they attribute these impulses to someone else.
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Projection
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One of Perl's 5 defenses; turning back onto ourselves what we would like to do to someone else, or what we would like someone to do for us
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Retroflection
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One of Perl's 5 defenses; is ignoring or turning away either an internal or external emotional trigger in order to prevent full recognition or awareness of associated material...e.g., painful memories.
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Deflection
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One of Perl's 5 defenses; the feelings and wishes of a significant other easily overwhelm the confluent person, who responds as if they were his own feelings and desires
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Confluence
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the will to meaning
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Motivational Force in Existential Therapy
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the will to self actualization
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Motivational Force in Person-Centered Therapy
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the will to being
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Motivational Force in Gestalt Therapy
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1. Focus on the directly felt meaning (has a part of the next step) 2. Allow the steps of feeling to happen and let words arise from it (moving forward, focal centering) 3. Experiential shift in the concrete directly felt meaning (Therapists role to carry the experiencing forward)
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Hierarchy of Experiential Steps in an Existential Approach
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the meaning of human existence; issues of love, death, and meaning of life; sense of value and meaning of ones own life
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Philosophy of Existentialism
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challenge people to find meaning through our suffering, work and love i.e.: that which does not kill me makes me stronger, and he who has a why can bear with almost any how.
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Existential Therapy Frankl
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It takes courage to be. Our choices determine the kind of person you become.
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Existential Therapy Rollo May
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-Death happens to everyone. - It gives us meaning to living. -We must think about it in order to find meaning and if we don't our lives can become meaningless (you can't take it with you). - We learn to live in the now/mindfulness creates zest in ones life.
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Role of Death in the Existential Approach
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Anxiety is a condition of living or striving to maintain our own being. Life can't be faced without it. It helps us grow. We can blunt our anxiety by creating the illusion of security(sick). Life can be frightening but through courage we are able to change.
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Role of Anxiety in the Existential Approach
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Inviting clients to recognize how they have allowed others to decide for them. Encouraging autonomy by focusing on felt meaning, allowing the feelings and words to arise from it, and experiencing a shift in the directly felt meaning to arise and be felt. The therapist brings the clients experiencing forward.
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Function of the Existential Therapist
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Therapy is a journey taken by the therapist and the client. Respect and have faith in the client. Being genuine with concern and empathy.
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Role of the Existential Therapist
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Existentialism
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Person Centered Therapy Comes from What Philosophical System?
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A healthy model of a human being struggling towards a greater good, a genuine person, expressive human being. The quality is more important than the content.
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Rogers Views the Person Centered Therapist as
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If humans are provided the appropriate conditions they are naturally going to grow in a positive way and pushed naturally towards actualization
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Humanistic Psychology
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Humanistic psychology created by Abraham Maslow, and Carl Rogers. Different psychology than behavioral theory and Freudian theory.
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Third Force Psychology
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Given the right manner of conditions the core of every human is trustworthy, positive, resourceful, self-understanding, self-directed, constructive, effective and productive beings.
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Person Centered View of Human Nature
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How one perceives immediate existence, the basis for change in behavior is to change the current perception.
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Gestalt Therapy
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Phony Phobic Impasse Implosive Explosive
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5 layers of Neurosis according to Perls
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relating to others in inauthentic ways
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Phony
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avoidance of pain associated with uncovering aspects of the self that are denied
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Phobic
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being stuck without environmental support and feeling no internal support (deadness)
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Impasse
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experiencing fears associated from aloneness
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Implosive
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release of energy which has been used to keep the phony self going
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Explosive
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Patients must become self-aware of issues and deal with them in the now or they will never diminish. Once they are dealt with they will fade into the background.
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Gestalt Role of Awareness
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helping the client become a healthy, holistic functioning individual by fully accepting his/her present self and regain his/her ability to cope.
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Goal of Gestalt Therapy
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Discarding old values. Coping with meaninglessness. Creating new meaning.
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Existentialism searching for meaning
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Appreciating the present now, no anxiety in the now.
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Principle of the Now (Gestalt)
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Blaming (It's Scary)
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It Lang. (Gestalt)
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Taking ownership (I'm Scared
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I Lang. (Gestalt)
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You don't say I can't (powerless) you mean I won't(powerful). Aware of your decisions.
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Awareness Continuum
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questions are helpless and statements are powerful you own them.
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Changing ?'s to Statements
