Exams – Dutch – Flashcards

The Church occupied a privileged position, it owned lands to make it equal to any titled lord. It was responsible for the conversion and protection of the Indians. Also encomienda demanded that labors were converted to Christianity. The Church was a powerful instrument for influencing the way people thought, giving the Church powers of censorship over books. This was to keep out heretical protestant works, that could be used against politics. They also had control over the education of people.

Because there was a demand for sugar in Europe, most fruits were preserved in sugar or made into jam. Sugar was also needed for making cakes and biscuits. Sugar went hand in hand with the grow of large plantations. The successful sugar planters bought tobacco lands from their neighbors and made them into large sugar estates. And because tobacco did not grow as well and as large as it did in other places. So like they would sell it in a higher cost that the other places and were from less quality, so no one was buying it. Sugar, however, grew wonderfully and in large quantities in the caribbean

Spain was challenged with their monopoly over the Indies by three nations from Europe, the British, Dutch and French

They used piracy, smuggling, and outright war to take over lands and set up their colonies. In the centuries that followed the great powers of Europe struggled with each other in heated and violent rivalry to build their huge empires. They were interested in the wealth that was in the colonies.

because of the way they kept them supplied when they were abandoned or rebelling against England. The Dutch merchants brought supplies back to the Caribbean that they thought, would in any way make their comfortable subsistence*. It was from the Dutch that the English and French settlers learned of the profits which could be made from large-scale sugar planting. Very soon sugar was the main export crop on the island.

It is justified because a foster-father is someone who raise and takes care of something it's not theirs. And that what the Dutch did, they supplied the French and the English settlements in the Caribbean when they were abandoned.

The first buccaneers were runaway bondservants and men fleeing from the law and found safety on the north-west coast of Hispaniola, but hard life and raids by the Spaniards led the buccaneers to move to Tortuga.They hunted wild cattle and swine for their hides, which then were exchanged for powder and shot from ships. They would skin the animals and sell the skin.

Henry Morgan. He was an Admiral of the Royal Navy, a privateer, and a pirate. He was one of the most notorious and successful privateers of all time. One of the most ruthless man who worked in the Spanish Main. He was born in 1635. He attacked Spanish possessions including Jamaica, Venezuela, and Panama. Because there was Anti-Spanish feeling was high in England, Morgan was welcome as a hero. He earned his fame by being the most cruel and murderous buccaneer to his captives.

Those ships were horribly crowded by slaves, so much that one-fifth of the slaves would die during the crossing. They were mostly kept under deck and were sometimes fed with rice, a few fruits and water. Because of gloom and sweltering heat they suffered from inflammations and fever. This lasted from 6 to 10 weeks, depending on the weather and destination.

European slave traders, bribed African tribe leaders with the thirst of guns and gold, so these tribe leaders commissioned a well-organized group of men to carry out raids and capture as many fit African men as possible. These kidnapped African men were tied up in chains and brought to a harbour and/or slave fort where they were inspected by the Europeans. After that the Europeans would hand over weapons (guns, cannons, and gun powder) to the tribe leader, who would give them the captured Africans in return

Mercantilism is the main economic system used during the 16th to 18th centuries. The main goal was to increase a nation's wealth, by imposing government regulation concerning commercial interest. Mercantilism was meant for British's prosperity and security in the colonies. It dominated western European economy. It favored the metropolitan countries by having high tariffs, specially in manufactured goods. It also monopolized trading towards British ports. It provided exclusive trade with the colonies and forbid trade to other foreign ships. Finally it maximized the use of domestic resources, restricting domestic consumptions with other nations.

Although many differences were found between each group in West Africa, some similarities were found mostly in Culture and beliefs. West Africans shared common experiences that happen to all men: birth and death, the sense of being part of a family, the benefits of rain and the disaster of floods. All West Africans shared the fact that they believed in the existence of gods, and that these god expected them to be good rather than evil. Other similarities were found such as the belief of the three groups of people in villages which were the living men, the ancestors, and the ones waiting to be born. Funerals were a tradition that most West African groups had in common. This funeral also signified that the eldest son of the family had to take over the control of it. All West Africans had the knowledge of the music, and was taught all the sounds of each instrument from the moment he or she was born. All Africans had common knowledge of agriculture, had skills and technology.

Bondservants were poor immigrants who were usually agricultural laborers. They signed a working agreement for bondservants to work for five years in a plantation. They specification was that in return for a free passage to the Caribbean, they signed an indenture* bond agreement to work for five years in one of the plantations. After those five years, they were to be given a few farming tools and were allowed to take up five acres, about 2 hectares of land to begin their own small plantations. In my country, Venezuela, there are no bonding servants