Exam 3 Thyroid Function, Disorders, and Lab Analysis – Flashcards
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| 1 in ____: Thyroid Disorders in the U.S.A. |
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| 13 |
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| For thyroid hormone synthesis, what is required? |
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| Iodine |
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| What does Iodine attach to in order to form hormone precursors? |
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| Thyroglobulin "Pro-hormone" |
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| Upon stimulation by _____, precursors convert to active hormones |
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| TSH |
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| What are the 3 hormones that are active after stimulation by TSH? |
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| Thyroxine (T4) Triiodothyronine (T3) Calcitonin |
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| Most of T3T4 is secreted into the bloodstream and picked up/bound to what? |
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| Carrier proteins |
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| What are the Carrier Proteins that pick up/are bound to T3T4? |
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| Thryoxine-Binding Globulin (TBG) Prealbumin Albumin |
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| Only ____ T3T4 is readily available to diffuse into target cells |
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| FREE |
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| What does T4 convert to when free T3T4 diffuses into target cells? |
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| Active T3 |
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| T3 binds with a specific gene to produce what? |
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| mRNA |
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| mRNA causes what to be produced? |
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| Proteins |
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| What do proteins influence? |
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| Cell Metabolism |
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| What are the functions of the Thyroid Hormone? |
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| *Neurologic development of the brain *Regulate metabolic rate & calorie consumption *Generate heat via lipid and CHO metabolism *Controls growth & maturation of bone, skeleton, tissues, skin, and nerves *Regulate GI function and sexual maturation |
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| The Anterior Pituitary secretes TSH in response to what? |
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| Decreased T3T4 |
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| The Anterior Pituitary secretes what in response to Decreased T3T4? |
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| TSH |
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| What secretes TSH in response to Decreased T3T4? |
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| The Anterior Pituitary |
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| What tells the pituitary to release TSH? |
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| Hypothalamus |
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| The Hypothalamus tells the pituitary to release TSH, especially under what situations? |
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| Stress Hypothermia |
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| What is the best test for assessing thyroid function and hormone replacement therapy? |
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| TSH |
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| Is TSH part of the Newborn Screening Process? |
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| Yes |
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| Free T4 represents only ______ of total T4 in circulation |
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| 0.04% |
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| True or False: Free T4 can freely enter cells and convert to T3 |
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| True |
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| Define Free T4 Index |
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| Calculation to correct for the effects of protein alterations or interfering drugs |
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| What is the formula for the Free T4 Index? |
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| (T4 x % T Uptake)/100 |
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| Total T3 & Total T4 Measures what? |
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| Both free and protein bound (99%) |
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| True or False: Total T3 & Total T4 levels vary with pregnancy, acute illness, some drugs, and liver disease |
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| True |
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| Why do Total T3 & Total T4 levels vary with pregnancy, acute illness, some drugs, and liver disease? |
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| They affect the Circulating Level of Carrier Proteins |
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| What is used to measure the number of available binding sites on a patient's TBG? |
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| T-Uptake |
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| What is the Normal Rate for T-Uptake? |
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| 30-50% |
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| True or False: Thyroglobulin "pro-hormone" is normally not detectable in plasma |
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| True |
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| What is used as a thyroid tumor marker? |
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| Thyroglobulin "pro-hormone" |
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| True or False: Following surgery or treatment, levels of Thyroglobulin "pro-hormone" should be undetectable |
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| True |
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| What are the 3 types of Autoimmune Testing for the Thyroid? |
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| Thyroglobulin ABY Thyroid-Stimulating ABY Thyroid Peroxidase ABY |
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| Which of the following consistent with: Thyroid-Stimulating ABY |
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| HYPERthyroidism |
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| Which of the following consistent with: Thyroid Peroxidase ABY |
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| HYPOthyroidism |
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| What causes Hypothyroidism? |
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| Insufficient T3T4 to meet the body's metabolic needs |
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| What does Hypothyroidism cause? |
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| Slowly of all bodily processes |
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| Myxedema = |
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| Hypothyroid edema |
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| Myxedema - symptoms of hypothyroidism + swelling of skin caused by what? |
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| infiltration of mucopolysaccharides and water |
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| Myxedema is especially noticeable on what part of the body? |
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| Face |
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| What are the 3 causes of Primary Hypothyroidism? |
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| Hashimoto's Disease Congenital Hypothyroidism Acquired Hypothyroidism |
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| What are the causes of Acquired Hypothyroidism? |
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| Surgical removal or treatment for HYPERthyroidism Cancer Iodine Deficiency |
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| In Acquired Hypothyroidism, will the following be increased or decreased: FT4: TSH: |
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| FT4: Decreased TSH: Increased |
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| In Congenital Hypothyroidism, will the following be increased or decreased: FT4: TSH: |
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| FT4: Decreased TSH: Increased |
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| In Hashimoto's Disease, will the following be increased or decreased: FT4: TSH: |
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| FT4: Decreased TSH: Increased |
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| What is the cause of Congenital Hypothyroidism? |
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| Inborn defect in the development or function of the gland |
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| What is an effect of Congenital Hypothyroidism? |
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| Creatinism |
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| Define Creatinism |
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| Retarded skeletal, sexual, and mental development |
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| What is the most common thyroid disorder in the U.S.A. affecting >1 million? |
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| Hashimoto's Disease |
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| True or False: Hashimoto's Disease - 90% have autoantibodies (TPO ABY) |
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| True |
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| In Hashimoto's Disease, what are the Thyroid tissues infiltrated by? |
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| Lymphs and Plasma Cells |
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| What are the causes of Secondary Hypothyroidism? |
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| Pituitary or Hypothalamic Disorders |
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| In Secondary Hypothyroidism, will the following be increased or decreased: FT4: TSH: |
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| FT4: Decreased TSH: Decreased |
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| In Grave's Disease, will the following be increased or decreased: FT4: TSH: |
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| FT4: Increased TSH: Decreased |
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| In Secondary Hyperthyroidism, will the following be increased or decreased: FT4: TSH: |
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| FT4: Increased TSH: Increased |
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| What is the cause of Secondary Hyperthyroidism? |
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| TSH-secreting Pituitary Adenoma |
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| What are some other thyroid conditions? |
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| Thyroid cancer Toxic Goiter / Nodules Subclinical Thyroid Disease Drug-Induced Thyroid Diseases |
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| What is another name for Hyperthyroidism? |
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| Thyrotoxicosis |
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| With Hyperthyroidism, what is in high levels in circulation? |
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| T3T4 |
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| What are 2 conditions that are associated with a Thyrotoxicosis crisis? |
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| Hypermetabolic state Tachycardia |
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| What is the most common cause of Thyrotoxicosis affecting >3 million? |
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| Grave's Disease |
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| In Grave's disease what do the autoantibodies stimulate? |
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| T3T4 Production |
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| Define Dermopathy |
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| Skin texture changes "orange peel" |
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| Define Ophthalmopathy |
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| Bulging Eyes Double Vision Corneal Disease |
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| What can you use to treat Grave's Disease? |
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| Radioactive Iodine Surgery Medicine |
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| Which thyroid hormone is: In greatest concentration in plasma? |
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| T4 |
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| Which thyroid hormone is: The most biologically potent? |
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| T3 |
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| Which thyroid hormone is: Involved in calcium regulation? |
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| Calcitonin |
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| Name the primary carrier proteins for thyroid hormones. |
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| TBG & prealbumin |
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| If T3T4 levels become low in plasma, what hormone is secreted that stimulates T3T4 production? |
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| TSH |
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| What gland secretes this hormone? |
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| Anterior pituitary |
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| What gland stimulates T3T4 production under situations of stress or cold? |
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| Hypothalamus |
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| Name the two primary tests that are used to assess thyroid status. |
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| FT4 & TSH |
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| What is the purpose of the THBR (T-Uptake) test? |
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| To measure available binding sites on TBG |
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| What is the purpose of the Free T4 Index? |
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| To correct the FT4 value when protein levels are altered due to renal dz, liver dz, etc. |
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| Match the disorder with the proper description: Grave's disease |
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| The most common cause of hyperthyroidism |
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| Match the disorder with the proper description: Congenital hypothyroidism |
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| Arrested skeletal and mental development in babies |
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| Match the disorder with the proper description: Secondary hyperthyroidism |
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| Often caused by a TSH-secreting tumor |
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| Match the disorder with the proper description: Thyrotoxicosis |
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| Term describing the overall effects of hyperthyroidism |
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| Match the disorder with the proper description: Myxedema |
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| Hypothyroid symptoms including swelling of the skin |
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| Match the disorder with the proper description: Hashimoto's disease |
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| The most common thyroid condition in the U.S |
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| What disease/disorder is the following consistent with: FT4:Increased TSH:Decresed |
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| Primary Hyperthyroidism |
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| What disease/disorder is the following consistent with: FT4:Decreased TSH:Increased |
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| Primary Hypothyroidism |
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| What disease/disorder is the following consistent with: FT4:Decreased TSH:Decreased |
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| Secondary Hypothyroidism |
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| What disease/disorder is the following consistent with: FT4:Increased TSH:Increased |
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| Secondary Hyperthyroidism |
