Exam #3: Chapter 9 and 10 – Flashcards
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Which of the following theories describes how language influences but does not determine thinking and perception?
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linguistic relativism
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Which of the following statements reflects Skinner's belief on language?
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Language is something that exists because it is reinforced and shaped
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Which of the following refers to the science of how people, think, learn, remember, and perceive?
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Cognitive psychology
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is a strategy people use when they make decisions based on the ease with which estimates come to mind or how available they are to their awareness
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the availability heuristic
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Which of the following best describes the language acquisition devise?
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an innate and biologically based capacity to acquire language
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Which theory posited that when given a choice between two or more options, humans will choose the one that is most likely to help them achieve their particular goals?
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Causal decision theory
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Which of the following explains the word "syntax"?
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the rules for arranging words and symbols in sentences
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According to scientists, children employ the recency the effect when learning languages. It means that children usually tend to learn:
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the last word in a sentence first
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Which of the following is a term used by psychologists to describe an image or idea in the mind that stands for an external object or thing sensed in the past or future, not the present?
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mental representation
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Which of the following occurs when people say the combination of two events is more likely than either event alone?
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Conjunction Fallacy
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Which of the following best describes child-directed speech?
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changes in adult speech patterns to encourage imitation
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Which of the following refers to the shortcuts people take to make complex and uncertain decisions and judgments?
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heuristics
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Which of the following models proposes that associations between concepts activate many networks or nodes at the same time?
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parallel distributive processing
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If language is defined as being "open," what does it mean?
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it can be freely changed
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Which of the following is true with regard to second-language learning and the brain?
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the neural density enhances if one learns the second language earlier in childhood and adolescence
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What is the difference between the WISC and WAIS?
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WISC is for children while WAIS is for adults
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Which of the following is a personality trait commonly found among highly creative individuals?
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Openness to experience
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Who among the following developed the concept of mental age?
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Theodore Simon and Alfred Binet
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Most current diagnoses of intellectual disability emphasizes on _____________
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a person's everyday abilities
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Which of the following best describes Raymond Cattell's theory of intelligence?
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intelligence comprises into two parts: fluid and crystalline
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_________________ is a way of testing the creativity of a person, whereby three words at one time are displayed to the participant, who must then come up with a single word that can be used with all three of the words
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remote association
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How does the prenatal environment affect the growth of the brain and IQ of a child?
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increase in the stress level in pregnant women affects the growth of the baby's brain and cognitive development
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Which of the following is one of Howard Gardner's eight forms of intelligence?
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Spatial Intelligence
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Which of the following best describes a cultural test bias?
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group differences in IQ scores are caused by different ethnic and educational environments
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What does the g-factor theory imply?
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a person's intelligence can be accurately indicated with a single number
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Martha is taking a test which requires her to solve problems through inductive and deductive reasoning. Which part of the brain will she use the most?
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the frontal lobe
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Which of the following is a criterion used to assess the reliability of an intelligence test?
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are the results obtain by a person the same every time he or she takes the test?
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_______________ are step-by-step formulas or procedures for solving problems
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algorithms
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A person is usually described as 'gifted' if he or she has an IQ in the range of ________________
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130-140
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What are the current IQ scores based on?
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how well a person does on tests relative to norms established by testing people of the same age
