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Vigiles

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The _________ began as early Roman firefighters and eventually became the first civil police force designed to protect citizens

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Frankpledge or mutual pledge

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In the latter part of the ninth century, King Alfred the Great of England and King Cnute II of Denmark devised the __________, a form of community self-protection

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the watch and ward the hue and cry the parishable constable the requirement for all males to keep weapons in their homes for use in maintaining the public peace

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In 1285, the Statute of Winchester established

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Henry Fielding

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_________ formed the Bow Street Runners

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Robert Peel

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___________ is generally credited with establishing the first police department in London, England-

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Boston

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The first American police Department was organized in 1838 in ___________

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Slave patrols

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Many historians and scholars argue that ________ in the American south were the precursor to the American system of policing

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County Sheriff, town marshall

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The only law enforcement officers available on the American frontier were the ________ and the ________

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Posse Comitatus

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The Latin term _________ means "the power of the county"

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Texas Rangers

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The first state police agency was the ___________

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Wickersham Commission

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In 1929, President Herbert Hoover created the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement. This commission was known as the ___________

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Knapp Commission

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The ______________ investigated police corruption in the New York City Police Department

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Kerner Commission

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The National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, also known as the ______________, released a report stating, "our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white, seperate and unequal."

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August Vollmer

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_____________ served as chief of police in Berkeley and istituted many practices that started to professionalize the U.S. police, including incorporating university training as a part of police training

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Raymond Blaine Fosdick

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____________ is noted for developing modern management and administrative techniques for policing

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Local

answer

The majority of law enforcement agencies in America are __________

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2.5

answer

Nationwide, in 2008, the sworn law enforcement employee average was ___________ law enfrocement employees per 1,000 citizens

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87

answer

In the United States, ____________ percent of police departments have 25 or fewer officers

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24

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Racial and ethnic minorities constitute approximately _________ percent of full-time sworn personnel

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Chain of Command

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______________ is the management concept that says each individual in an organization is supervised by one immediate supervisor who in turn reports to a higher supervisor

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Span of Control

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_______________ is the number of officers or subordinates a supervisor can supervise effectively.

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Pendleton Act

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The civil service system was created by the _________

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Merit

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The civil service system is a _____________ system

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12

answer

Among local departments, women account for approximately ___________ percent of sworn personnel

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Civilianization

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______________ is the process of removing sworn officers from nonenforcement jobs and replacing them by nonsworn personnel

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Patrol

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_________ is an example of an operations unit in a police department

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Personnel

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___________ is an example of an administrative unit in a police department

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Communications

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___________ is an example of an auxiliary unity in a police department

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Job Analysis

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A ________ identifies the important tasks performed by police officers and then identifies the knowledge, skills, and abilities, necessary to perform those tasks.

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Discriminatory

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When a proper job analysis is done, tests in the police screening process are considered to be ______________

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Maturity

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Hrand Saxenian says _________ is the single most important criterion in the police selection process

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Women

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Physical agility testing has been criticized for discriminating against __________

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Written Entrance Exam

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The _______ stage of the police selection process receives the most litigation

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Candidates who cannot perform the required job tasks

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The purpose of the medical examination is to screen out ___________________________________

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Broadening

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The Sherman Report criticized current police higher education and suggested that higher education programs for the police should offer them a ____________ experience

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Liberal Arts

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The Sherman Report suggested recruiting police applicants from _____________ college programs

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20/20

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Most police agencies require the vision of a police applicant to be correctable to __________________

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10;5

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According to John Firman, the research director for the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), the most common restriction on hiring applicants for police service with a history of drug use within the recent past is _____ years free from using hard drugs and ______ years free from marijuana

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Psychological and Medical Evaluation

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After the conditional offer of employment has been made to a potential police applicant, the final stage of the selection process is _________________

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Oral Board

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The _______________ can be used to examine a candidate's characteristics that might be otherwise difficult to assess, including poise, presence, and communication skills

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Tennessee v. Garner

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In 1985, the fleeing felon rule was declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in the landmark case of ______________

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Property

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The police make more arrests for ________ crimes than for the other types

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Motor Vehicle or Traffic related issues

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Most police contacts involve _________

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Tainted Occupation

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Egon Bittner has stated that police work has, from its earliest origins, been a ___________

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Enforcers Optimists Realists Optimists

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____________ is one of Broderick's police operational styles

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Aggressive

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is NOT one of James Q. Wilson's operating styles

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Maintaining order, and protecting life and property

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Sheehan and Cordner state that the two primary goals and objectives of police departments

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The police want to show they have a caring attitude toward the community

answer

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons police exercise discretion

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