EXAM 1: Older Adult Sleep/Nutrition/Health Literacy – Flashcards

How long should sleep medicines be used for?

Why are OTC sleep meds not advised with the elderly?

What sleep meds are better to use with the elderly?

What is the Beer's List?

Why are benzodiazepines not advised for the elderly?

What is important to assess for during a nursing assessment for sleep?

What are some nursing interventions for sleep problems?

What are hydration requirements for an older adult?

What is the Ca requirement for older adults?

What is the Vit D requirement for older adults?

Nutrition - related changes associated with aging

What lab values are used in a routine nutritional assessment for the older adult?

What are some possible causes of noncompliance in older adults?

What reading level should teaching materials be?

What is the nurses' role in health literacy?

One of the challenges in meeting the nutritional needs of the elderly is that the elderly: A. Have decreased need for almost all nutrients. B. Have decreased caloric needs but constant or increased needs for vitamins and minerals. C. Often have significant problems with dentition that affect their ability to masticate most food. D. Lose interest in eating a balanced diet.

What type of diet will the nurse recommend to most healthy elderly clients? A. A balanced 1,100-calories per day diet B. A diet high in complex carbohydrates and fiber C. A diet low in fat and protein D. A diet low in fat with a moderate amount of carbohydrates

An elderly client has been admitted to a nursing home and the nurse completes an assessment. Which finding may lead the nurse to suspect a nutritional alteration? A. Pale tongue B. Thinning hair C. Ridged nails D. Moist conjunctiva

Good dietary sources of vitamin D include which of the following? Select all that apply. A. Cheeses and yogurt B. Liver C. Fortified milk D. Fish and oils

When working with elderly clients who require an increased consumption of complete protein, the nurse recommends: A. Legumes. B. Yogurt. C. Iron fortified cereal. D. Whole grain bread.

A primary goal of dietary intervention for the elderly is to: A. Prevent complications from chronic conditions. B. Improve digestion and metabolism. C. Maintain quality of life. D. Treat acute conditions.

Which nutrient is most likely to be deficient in elderly residents of nursing homes? A. Phosphorus B. Vitamin D C. Protein D. Vitamin B

The loss of lean muscle mass that occurs with aging can be diminished or reversed by: A. Anaerobic exercise. B. High protein diets. C. Strength training exercises. D. Small doses of anabolic hormones.

The absorption of iron in the elderly may be diminished in the presence of: A. Antacids. B. Diuretics. C. Vitamin C. D. Milk.

Risk factors for vitamin B12 deficiency include which of the following? Select all that apply. A. History of gastric bypass surgery B. Use of antacids or acid-lowering surgery C. Folic acid supplementation D. History of depression

A major predictor of morbidity and mortality in the elderly is: A. Social isolation. B. Polypharmacy. C. Impaired dentition. D. Unintentional weight loss.

An elderly man reports some concerns during a routine physical. The client states he has not really changed his eating patterns or activity in the past several years but has noted some "negative" changes in overall physique. When questioned further he reports he has noticed some loss of muscle tissue. He questions the cause and wonders what he can do to improve. What information should be provided to the client? A. "As the body ages this is a natural change." B. "You may need to increase your protein intake to promote muscle development." C. "We should investigate the potential side effects from your medicines to identify a potential relationship." D. "Aging is associated with a loss of muscle mass and cannot be reversed."

The nurse is completing a nutritional assessment and asking about her elderly patient's use of vitamins. Which of the following vitamins being taken must be carefully evaluated for risk of toxicity? Select all that apply. A. Vitamin 12 B. Vitamin A C. Vitamin D D. Vitamin E

When developing a teaching plan for an elderly client newly diagnosed with hypertension, the nurse realizes that the most effective teaching strategy is: A. Reminding the client that the medication will come with a package insert, which should be read carefully. B. Sharing the Web address of the American Heart Association. C. Providing oral instructions along with a written copy to take home. D. Using a brochure from the hospital pharmacy.

A common and valid tool for identifying drugs not deemed to be appropriate for the frail elderly (also approved by Centers for Medicaid and Medicare for use by nursing homes) is: A. AMA Drug Evaluations b. The MedWatch Program C. Beers Criteria D. Physicians Desk Reference

At 0200 the nurse finds an elderly hospitalized client sitting in a chair beside the bed. When the client says she is unable to sleep, the best action on the part of the nurse is to: A. Call the physician to obtain an order for a hypnotic. B. Assist the client back to bed. C. Provide a glass of warm milk and offer a back rub. D. Ask about strategies the client has used successfully in the past to fall asleep.

An elderly client has Alzheimer's disease and frequently gets up during the night and wanders around the house. Which of the following suggestions is most appropriate to give the spouse? A. Contact the physician to obtain an order for a mild hypnotic or sedative. B. Try using a soft restraint jacket at night. C. Make sure the client takes a brief nap during the afternoon. D. Increase daily activity by going for frequent short walks.

Which of the following suggestions might the nurse use for an elderly client who lives alone and has insomnia? A. A mild hypnotic B. Ear plugs to decrease ambient noise C. Melatonin supplement D. A walk around the block just before bed

Sleep is a problem that should be assessed in the elderly because a major potential complication of sleep deprivation is: A. Sleepwalking. B. Unremitting fatigue. C. Disorientation. D. Cardiac arrhythmias.

Typical sleep pattern changes that occur with aging include: A. Late morning awakening. B. Diminished time in deep sleep. C. Longer daytime naps. D. Decreased sleep latency.

Which of the following is considered a major sleep disorder of the elderly? A. Insomnia B. Hyposomnia C. Restless leg syndrome D. Sleep apnea

When working with the elderly, the nurse recognizes that the elderly frequently have problems with sleep. Most notably they: A. Fall asleep more rapidly than any group except young children. B. Have a significant decline in stage 4 sleep. C. Require less sleep than middle-aged adults. D. Find it difficult to become fully alert after sleeping at night.

An elderly person who is experiencing sleep deprivation may exhibit: A. Increased deep tendon reflexes. B. Blurred vision. C. Incontinence. D. Emotional instability.

An elderly client has been prescribed a loop diuretic to aid in the management of hypertension. The nurse is aware that this may cause a sleep disturbance due to: A. Nocturia. B. Decreased REM sleep. C. Nightmares. D. Sleep walking.

The nurse is assigned to provide care for an elderly client hospitalized for regulation of blood pressure. During the hospitalization, the nurse notices the client is awake often during the night. When questioned, the client reports "I thought I would need more sleep as I got older but I can't sleep more than 3 hours at night." When questioned further, the client reports falling to sleep immediately after getting into bed but waking up repeatedly thereafter. Which of the following statements does the nurse recognize as most correct? A. Since the client is falling asleep quickly he likely has no significant issues related to sleep. B. The client is likely demonstrating a manifestation of sleep deprivation. C. The client has no health implications as a result of his reduced amount of sleep hours. D. The client is getting adequate sleep each night.

Which medication is least likely to be recommended as a sleep aid for an elderly person? A. Zolpidem (Ambien) B. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) C. Zaleplon (Sonata) D. Sustained-release melatonin

Which of the following may be barriers to sleep in the hospital? Choose all that apply. A. Too hot or too cold B. Frequent awakenings by nurses for care and monitoring C. Sleeping partner or comfort items are missing D. Excessive noise and bright lights