Europe & Russia Physical Geography – Flashcards
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Previous Vocabulary
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lake, gulf, sea, ocean, continent, strait
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Eurasia
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Largest landmass in the world, made up of Europe and Asia
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Sizes of Europe and Russia
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Europe: second smallest continent, made up of 44 countries Russia: world's largest country, roughly twice the size of USA
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Hemispheres of Europe and Russia
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Northern, Eastern
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population
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Number of people living in an area
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population density
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Average number of people in 1 square mile
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Population densities of Europe & Russia
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Europe - high Russia - low
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peninsula
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Land surrounded by water on three sides
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bay
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Water that extends into the land
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harbor
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Body of water where ships can seek shelter and dock
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Significance of Europe's bays and harbors
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Allows western European countries to be the world leaders in shipping
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Major Land Regions of Europe
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Northwestern Highlands, North European Plains, Central Uplands, Alpine Mountain Systems
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Major Land Regions of Russia
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North European Plains, Ural Mountains, West Siberian Plain, Central Siberian Plateau, East Siberian Uplands
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Northwestern Highlands
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-Land region of Europe - Located in far north of Europe - Oldest mountains in Europe - Low population - Large forests (allows for good lumber industry)
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North European Plains
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- Land region of Europe and western Russia - Covers more than half of Europe (from France to Russia) - Location of Europe's and Russia's largest cities - Productive farmland in Europe - Location of most industry in Russia - Most of Russia's population lives on N. European Plain (in western Russia)
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Central Uplands
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- Land region of Europe - Region of highlands and rocky terrain - Bad farming - Industry includes mining, tourism
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Alpine Mountain System
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- Land region of Europe - Stretches from France to Balkan Peninsula - Some farming - Includes the Alps, the highest mountains in Europe
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Ural Mountains
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- Land region of Russia - Creates border between Europe and Asia - West of Asian part of Russia - East of the North European Plains
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Siberia
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- Asian part of Russia - Includes 75% of Russia - East of Europe and Ural Mountains - Harsh climate - Low population - Includes land regions of West Siberian Plain, Central Siberian Plateau, East Siberian Uplands
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West Siberian Plain
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- Located in Siberia - Low, marshy plain - Covers more than 1 million square miles - Very low elevation
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Central Siberian Plateau
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- Located in Siberia - East of West Siberian Plain - Slopes upward from Plain
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East Siberian Uplands
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- Located in Siberia - Region of rugged mountains and plateaus - Includes 20+ active volcanoes
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waterway
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body of water that is navigable
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navigable
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body of water that is clear enough for ships to travel through
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Major Rivers of Europe & Russia
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Rhine, Danube, Volga
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Rhine River
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- Source: Alps in Switzerland (melting glacier) - Runs from Switzerland to Netherlands - Connects to western Europe through tributaries and canals - Mouth: North Sea
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canal
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Man-made waterway created to allow ships to travel quicker, more conveniently
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Danube River
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- Source: Black Forest in western Germany - 2nd longest river in Europe / Russia - Mouth: Black Sea
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Volga River
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- Source: Valdai Hills (northwest of Moscow) - Largest river in Russia; 2,291 miles long - Freezes during winter - Mouth: Caspian Sea
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Major Lakes of Europe & Russia
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Baikal, Geneva
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Lake Baikal
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- Located in eastern Siberia - World's deepest lake (30 ft wide, 400 miles long) - Large freshwater lake - Lots of animal and plant life
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Lake Geneva
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- Located between France and Switzerland - French side: spa town, resort - Swiss side: city of Geneva (important diplomatic city)
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Bay of Biscay
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- Gulf of northeast Atlantic - Located along northern cost of Spain and western coast of France - Known for rough seas, violent storms, shipwrecks - Named after Spanish province of Biscay
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channel
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Narrow waterway joining two larger areas of water; wider than a strait
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English Channel
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- Separates southern England and northern France - Joins North Sea to Atlantic Ocean
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Major Seas of Europe and Russia
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North Sea, Black Sea, Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea
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North Sea
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- Part of Atlantic Ocean - Borders northern Europe (east - Norway, Denmark; west - Scotland, England; south - Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, France) - Busiest body of water in the world, along with English Channel
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Baltic Sea
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- Located in northern Europe - between Finland, Russia, Poland, Germany, Baltic countries - Connected to North Sea by Kiel Canal - Connected to Atlantic thru strairs of Denmark - Low salt content, so northern parts freeze in winter - Many rivers empty into Baltic
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Black Sea
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- Bordered by Turkey, Ukraine, Romania, Russia - Almost landlocked - Connected to Atlantic via Mediterranean and Aegean Seas - Formerly a freshwater lake (now salt-water; less salt than Atlantic) - Connected to many rivers like Danube River
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landlocked
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Completely surrounded by land
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Mediterranean Sea
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- Borders 3 continents (Africa, Asia, Europe) - Connected to Atlantic via Strait of Gibraltar - Location of some of most ancient human civilizations, like Rome, Athens
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civilization
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State of human society with developed forms of government, culture, industry, etc.
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city-state
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State made up of governing city and its territories
