Europe After Napoleon – Flashcards
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Europe after Napoleon lasted from when to when?
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1815-1900
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What 2 ideas dominate Europe?
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1. Nationalism 2. Liberalism
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What is nationalism?
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Love of country, patriotism, feeling of loyalty
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What is liberalism?
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Supported democracy
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What are the 5 factors of nationalism?
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1. Shared experiences, problems, and dangers 2. Shared accomplishments 3. Common race (important but not necessary) 4. Common language (important but not necessary) 5. Common government (important but not necessary)
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What are the 6 descriptions of moderate liberals?
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1. Very anti-common people 2. Pro-democracy for the rich 3. Wealthy businessmen 4. Anti-democracy for common people 5. Anti-voting rights for common people 6. Anti-labor unions for common people
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What is the definition of chauvinism?
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Extreme nationalism
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What is the danger of chauvinism?
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It leads to war
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What are radical liberals?
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Individuals who push for a complete democracy for everyone
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How many meetings did the Congress of Vienna have?
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2
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What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna?
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To set up a peace settlement after the fall of Napoleon
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When did the 1st Congress of Vienna meeting take place?
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When Napoleon is exiled to Elba
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When did the 2nd Congress of Vienna meeting take place?
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When Napoleon is exiled to St. Helena
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How many representatives were there in the Congress of Vienna?
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700
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Who were the 5 main representatives of the Congress of Vienna? (Along with their country)
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1. Alexander I- Russia 2. Castlereagh- Great Britain (Prime Minister) 3. Talleyrand- France 4. Hardenburg- Prussia 5. Metternich- Austria
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What did Russia want? Who said they can't have it?
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All of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw, Great Britain
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What did Prussia want? Who said they can't have it?
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Saxony, Austria
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What did Prussia get by the Congress of Vienna? What did Russia get?
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Prussia got part of Saxony, Russia got part of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw
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What did the Dutch Netherlands and Austrian Netherlands become? (Combined to be known as what?)
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Kingdom of the Netherlands
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What 6 Italian states did Austria get by the Congress of Vienna?
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1. Parma 2. Milan 3. Venetia 4. Lombardy 5. Tuscany 6. Modena
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What did Russia get by the Congress of Vienna?
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Finland
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What did Sweden get by the Congress of Vienna?
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Norway
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What did Great Britain get by the Congress of Vienna?
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Malta
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What was the 2nd purpose of the Congress of Vienna?
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To draw a ring around France so that France will not become too powerful
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What country will stay independent as long as she stays neutral?
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Switzerland
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What is a reactionary?
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An individual who wants to turn back the clock and put monarchs on the throne of Europe
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What does the Congress of Vienna do away with? What does it become?
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Confederation of the Rhine, German Confederation
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What 2 new states were added to the German Confederation?
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1. Prussia 2. Austria
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What 4 countries were in the Quadruple Alliance?
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1. Great Britain 2. Austria 3. Prussia 4. Russia
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What are the 2 purposes of the Quadruple Alliance?
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1. Make sure Congress of Vienna is carried out 2. Stop any kind of revolution
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Who ran or oversaw the Quadruple Alliance?
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Metternich
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What countries were in the Quintuple Alliance?
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1. Great Britain 2. Austria 3. Prussia 4. Russia 5. France
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Who created the Holy Alliance?
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Alexander I
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What did the Holy Alliance say?
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Monarchs should rule by Christian principles and should rule as Christian princes
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Which country didn't let the Holy Alliance pass?
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Great Britain
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What are the 2 other names for Concert of Europe?
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1. Metternich System 2. Congress System
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What were the 2 purposes of the Concert of Europe?
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1. Maintain a balance of power 2. To maintain peace
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What is the definition of the Age of Metternich?
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This is when Europe and Metternich tried to make sure that there will be no democracies developed in Europe
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Who didn't like the Age of Metternich?
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Great Britain
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What are the 3 challenges of Metternich?
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1. Carlsbad Decrees 2. Troppau Protocol 3. Greek War for Independence
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Where did the Carlsbad Decrees take place in?
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Germany
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Who wanted to push for democratic reforms in Germany?
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Large number of students and teachers
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Who is the ruler of Germany/Prussia?
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Frederick William III
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Who did Metternich go to when he was angry about the students and teachers?
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Frederick William III
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What was the Carlsbad Decrees?
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Censorship was placed on all magazines, newspapers, and books (in Germany)
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In the Carlsbad Decrees, from this point on _____________________________.
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Teachers/students were monitored so they wouldn't push for democratic reforms
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In the Troppau Protocol, who was pushing for democratic reforms?
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Secret societies
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What 2 places did the secret societies go to during the Troppau Protocol?
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1. Spain 2. Italy
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Who did the secret society that went to Spain force off the throne? Family name?
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Ferdinand VII, Bourbon
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What was Ferdinand VII forced to sign before he was forced off the throne?
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A democratic constitution
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Who did the secret society that went to Italy force off the throne? Family name?
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Ferdinand I, Bourbon
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What was Ferdinand I forced to sign before he was forced off the throne?
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Democratic constitution
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What makes up the Troppau Protocol?
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Several countries
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What is the definition of the Troppau Protocol?
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This involved the use of force to make sure the Metternich system was carried out
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Who took an army into Spain during the Troppau Protocol? Who was restored to the throne?
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France, Ferdinand VII
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Who took an army into Italy during the Troppau Protocol? Who was restored to the throne?
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Austria, Ferdinand I
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Who was Greece controlled by?
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Ottoman Empire
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What 3 countries help Greece get her independence?
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1. Great Britain 2. France 3. Russia
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Who was the czar of Russia that didn't want to help the Greeks? Who replaced him?
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Alexander I, replaced by his brother Nicholas I
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What family name is Nicholas I?
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Romanov
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Which czar helped the Greeks?
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Nicholas I
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How did Great Britain, France, and Russia "defeat" the Ottoman Empire?
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They used a "presumed show of force"
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What treaty gave Greece her independence? (year also)
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Treaty of Adrianople- 1829
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Who used to control Central and South America? What did they (the owner) eventually do? Then what?
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Spain, let them be independent, wanted them back
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What 2 countries would not allow Spain to have the Americas back? Why did each country intervene?
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1. America- wanted no intervention in their business 2. Great Britain- would lose trade if Spain gained control
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When was the Monroe Doctrine passed? What did it say?
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1823, Spain leave us alone, and we will leave you alone
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Who was the president when the Monroe Doctrine was passed?
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James Monroe
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What family name is Louis XVIII?
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Bourbon
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Who is Louis XVI's brother?
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Louis XVIII
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Did Louis XVIII make any changes? What did he keep? How long did he rule?
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No, kept Napoleon's laws, 10 years
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What was Louis XVIII forced to accept?
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A constitution that limited his powers
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What was White Terror?
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This is when Louis XVIII and his cronies killed a large number of people in Southern France who wanted Napoleon back on the throne
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What 2 groups hated Louis XVIII?
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1. Liberals 2. Ultra-royalists
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Who were Liberals?
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Individuals in France pushing for democratic reforms
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Who were Ultra-royalists?
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Individuals that told Louis XVIII to man up and to stand up to the people in France (Take control)
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Who was Louis XVIII replaced by? His relation to Louis?
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Charles X, brothers
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Who was a reactionary king of France?
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Charles X
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What 3 mistakes did Charles X make?
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1. Tried to be absolute 2. Gave nobles back their privileges 3. Took privileges away from common people
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What was the revolt called when the common people rebelled? Date? How long did it last?
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July Revolution, 1830, 3 days
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After the July Revolution lasted for 3 days, what happened?
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Charles X was forced to abdicate the throne
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What was the revolution in the Netherlands called? How long did it last?
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Revolution of 1830, 9 years
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What are the 2 groups in the Netherlands? Which wanted to be independent?
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Austrian Netherlands and Dutch Netherlands, Austrian Netherlands wanted to be independent
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What are the 2 reasons why the Austrian Netherlands wanted to be independent?
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1. They spoke a different language 2. They had a different relgion
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What religion was Dutch Netherlands? Austrian?
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Dutch- Protestant Austrian- Roman Catholic
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What language did Dutch Netherlands speak? Austrian?
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Dutch- Dutch Austrian- Flemish
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What did the Austrian Netherlands become?
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Belgium
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Who was the 1st king of Belgium?
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Leopold I
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What are the 4 titles (nicknames) of Louis Philippe?
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1. Elected King 2. Bourbon King 3. Businessman's King 4. Citizen King
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Where did Louis Philippe get his titles?
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From the support of the common people
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Louis Philippe supported common people, but then did what? Then who did he support?
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Took rights away from them, nobles and middle class
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What do the common people do when Louis Philippe took rights from them?
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Revolt
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Who does Louis Philippe send in to stop the common people? What do they do?
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National Guard, they join the commoners
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Who is forced to abdicate the throne when the National Guard joins with the commoners?
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Louis Philippe
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When Louis Philippe abdicated the throne, this was what?
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The end of the 1st French Republic
