Ethnic Studies Chapters 4&6 – Flashcards

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The Indian Reorganization Act forced the tribal people to adopt
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the European way of voting and election of leaders.
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What is the problem with the term Native American
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* it includes a diverse group from under the same generic name. * it originated from the perception of Whites * It doesn't reflect the Indians' names for themselves.
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Government created initiatives to counteract tribal people's bleak employment situation have included
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subsidies for tourism and craft industries.
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Nation wide, _____ earn less than $10,000
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one third of employed Native Americans
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The Termination Act of 1953
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goal was to eliminate Indian as a separate entity, focus on assimilation . * included in the withdrawal of basic services such as road repair and medical care. *removed tribal self-government
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According to the 2006 Census, there has been ____ in the United States since the 1990 Census
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a 40% increase in the Native American population
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A major recent growth area for income and employment on reservations has been
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gambling casinos.
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The BIA Employment Assistance Program
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led highly motivated young people away from the reservations, which resulted in a Native American version of brain drain.
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By the mid 1960s, one fourth to one third of people in the BIA Employment Assistance Program
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were fully assimilated into the urban areas where they lived.
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The Dawes Act or The General Allotment Act of 1887
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created allotments from tribal lands, visualizing the Indian as an independent homesteader.
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The 1988 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act
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allows for negotiated gambling agreements on reservations.
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The Alaska Native Settlement Act of 1971
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was precipitate by the discovery of oil reserves.
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Major employers of Indians on reservations are
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gambling, tourism, the government.
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The _____ dominate the national organizations of the Pan-Indian movement both politically and culturally
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apache
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The Alaskan Federation of Natives were able to get
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a $1 billion cash settlement.
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The theory that best explains the exploitation of the Native Americans and their land by European invaders is
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world systems theory.
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The AIM member for whom clemency is currently being sought through such activities as the Walk for Justice is
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Leonard Peltier.
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To what does the derisive term Uncle Tomahawks refer
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Native Americans who sympathize with the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
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From a _______ perspective, the millenarian movement can be viewed as a means of coping with the domination of White intruders over native tribes
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conflict.
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The Council of Energy Resource Tribes is primarily concerned with Indian
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energy and mineral resource revenues.
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All of the following statements are true regarding the Wheeler-Howard Act except
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it was a movement toward a more pluralistic society.
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The Indian Removal Act and the Trail of Tears are examples of
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Extermination, expulsion, and genocide
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The most visible recent AIM activity has been its efforts to gain clemency for one of its leaders
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Leonard Peltier.
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The Battle of Wounded Kneee II resulted in
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imprisonment of some of the leaders.
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Fish-ins were organized to protest
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interference by state officials with Native rights to fish as they liked.
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The first battle at Wounded Knee
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was prompted by the White people's fear of the growing popularity of the Ghost Dance among Plains Indians.
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In an effort to assimilate Native Americans into White Society, the federal government
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provided extensive training and resources so Native Americans could become homesteaders.
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The island seized in 1969 by Native Americans who claimed the "excess property"in exchange for $24 in glass beads and cloth was
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Alcatraz.
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Those who participate in traditional Navajo ways of life
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are just as successful in school.
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Fish-ins, among Native Americans, are examples of
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protest
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The number of Native Americans North of the Rio Grande in 1500 is estimated to have been about
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10 million.
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By 1900, the population of Native Americans living North of the Rio Grande had been reduced by dwindling food sources and diseases to
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less than 250,000.
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Congress amended the American Indian Religious Freedom Act in 1994 to allow Native Americans the right to
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possess and use peyote for religious purposes.
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Government services to Native tribes such as subsidized medical care were a result of
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the Indian Claims Commission
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The Ghost Dance is an example of what social scientists call a
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millenarian movement.
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Principally affected by the Alaska Native Settlement were the
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Inuits and Aleuts.
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Which government program encouraged Native Americans to pursue urban jobs off the reservation
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The Employee Assistance Program.
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The Chinese Exclusion Act
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was passed with little debate by Congress, denied naturalization to Chinese already in the U.S., outlawed Chinese immigration for 10 years.
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Fear or hatred of strangers is
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xenophobia
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Sinophobes are people with
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a fear of anything associated with China
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What proportion of the nation's population growth in the early part of this 21st century can be accounted for by legal and illegal immigration?
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less than 15%
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The best available information suggests that ________ illegal immigrants live in the United
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more than 11 million
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The most important force causing people to emigrate has been
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economic
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The act of conferring citizenship on a person after birth is called
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naturalization.
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Questions on naturalization test include which of the following
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Who is the chief justice of the Supreme Court?, How many amendments are there to the Constitution? , What do the stripes on the flag represent?
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The tendency to favor one's own people over new arrivals is called
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nativism
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Naturalization was denied to some residents already in the U.S. by the
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Welfare Reform Act of 1996.
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Limiting immigration on the basis of a quota from each country was part of the
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National Origin System.
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Which of the following most accurately describes transnationals?
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Mexicans who live in the United States and frequently call and visit their relatives in Mexico
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Despite the poor working conditions often experienced by illegal immigrants in the U.S., they still continue to come because
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they are unable to find wage labor in their home countries.
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Haitian refugees are returned to their country without asylum hearings because
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they have been viewed as economic refugees.
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Border deaths along the U.S.-Mexico border number in the ________ each year, equivalent to an annual jumbo jet crash, in the words of one reporter.
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hundreds
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What is an asylee?
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anyone fleeing war or strife, a person who has already entered the country and cannot return home due to persecution or fear of persecution, a prospective immigrant attempting to enter the U.S.
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________ immigration accounted for about 50 percent of the nation's growth in the early years of the twenty-first century.
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legal and illegal
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Foreigners who have already entered the U.S. and now seek protection because of persecution are called
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asylees
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The brain drain refers most dramatically today to the attraction of skilled professionals to the United States from
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developing countries of Africa and Asia.
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A primary goal of the 1965 Immigration and Naturalization Act was to
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reunite immigrant families.
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Which of the following states has the highest percentage of foreign-born residents?
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California
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The quotas under the national origins system were based on
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the number of people descended from each nationality recorded in the 1920 census.
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Which term refers to the immigration to the United States of skilled workers, professionals, and technicians who are desperately needed by their home countries?
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Brain drain
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Immigration
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can revitalize a local economy, may create unwanted competition for jobs, may be a drain on community resources.
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Most legal immigrants come to the U.S. to
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join their families
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The Gentleman's Agreement of 1908 effectively halted
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Japanese immigration
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In the 1920s, the United States instituted a national origins system of immigration that was designed to
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block immigration from Italy
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Based on the 1996 Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act
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illegal immigration is officially tolerated since the U.S. needs the labor.
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The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
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prohibited hiring illegal aliens.
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Which state is expected to experience the greatest growth because of immigration?
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California
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As a result of the 1996 Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act
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border control and surveillance were increased.
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Immigrants
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have lower divorce rates than natives.
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About ________ of the U.S. population today is foreign-born.
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12%
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The perspective most likely to see the brain drain as a symptom of the unequal distribution of world resources is
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conflict
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The current debate about immigration
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concerns brain drain
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The monies that immigrants return to their country of origin are called
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remittances.
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________ refers to the practice of immigrants sponsoring other immigrants who, in turn, sponsor more.
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Chain immigration
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There is a long tradition in the U.S. of facilitating the arrival of people fleeing
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Communism
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According to the United Nations treaty on refugees, counties are
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obliged not to forcibly return people to territories where their lives might be endangered
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Which of the following statements about early immigration in the U.S. is true?
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Roman Catholics were viewed with suspicion, Native born residents thought that too many Italians were immigrating, Labor unions excluded Chinese workers.
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Children in recent immigrant families, as compared to U.S.-born children, are
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healthier
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The term nativism refers to
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tending to favor one's own people over new arrivals.
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Why don't Haitian boat people have the same policies applied toward their asylum as Cubans?
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They're viewed as economic refugees
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The majority of foreign students receiving their doctorates in the sciences and engineering in the U.S.
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are still in the U.S. four years later
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The use of two or more languages in places of work or education and the treatment of each language as legitimate is
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bilingualism
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The anti-Catholic feeling in the 19th century U.S.
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made the Irish particularly unwelcome as immigrants, was brought with the early immigrants from Europe, involved organized hostility.
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From a(an) ________ perspective, by paying low wages to illegal immigrants, employers are able to produce goods and services that are profitable and affordable.
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functionalist
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The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
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outlawed hiring of illegal aliens.
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Which of the following explanations for illegal immigration uses the conflict perspective?
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Immigrant status is a symptom of social and economic hierarchies.
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