Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology(11) Activity Lab 3 – Flashcards

Which of the following elements does NOT make up the bulk of living matter? iron hydrogen oxygen carbon nitrogen

Which of the following statements is a component of the cell theory? Cells arise from preexisting cells. All cells are composed of the same organelles. DNA is the basis of genetic transfer. Tissues are formed from combinations of cells.

What elements make up 96 percent of the body's weight? sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major components of a typical eukaryotic cell? plasma membrane cytoplasm ribosome nucleus

Which of the following acts as the digestive system of the cell, breaking down materials? lysosome nucleus endoplasmic reticulum ribosome

Where in a typical eukaryotic cell would you expect to find genes? in the chromatin within the cell's cytoplasm in chromosomes within the cytosol in the nucleolus within the nucleus in the DNA within the cell's nucleus

Which of the following statements about cells is FALSE? Cells are the most basic units of life. Cells join together to form organelles, which then form our organs and organ systems. The cells in our bodies collectively carry out all of the functions necessary for us to stay alive. Although human cells are diverse in size, shape, and function, they have essentially the same organelles and general structure.

Which of the following is the main component of the cell membrane? phospholipids cholesterol carbohydrates water

Which of the following is a characteristic of the cell membrane? not permeable semipermeable impermeable fully permeable

Which of the following is not a major function of proteins in the cell membrane? anchoring cells to other structures forming channels acting as receptors forming the entire glycocalyx

What part of a cell membrane is usually in contact with the interstitial fluid? phosphate heads of phospholipids cholesterol fatty acid tails hydrophobic molecules

Which of the following lists, in correct order, the phases of interphase? G1, S, and G2 S, cytokinesis, mitosis Prophase, metaphase, telophase G1, prophase, and S

Which of the following lists, in correct order, the phases of mitosis? prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase prophase, metaphase, anaphase, cytokinesis prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase

During which of the following phases does DNA replication occur? mitosis Synthesis cytokinesis prophase

During which of the following phases does chromatin condense and become chromosomes? interphase prophase anaphase metaphase

Which of the following is primarily composed of DNA? nuclear envelope nucleolus ribosomes chromatin

Which of these components add specialized functions to the plasma membrane? cholesterol carbohydrates proteins phospholipid

Which cell junctions prevent substances from passing between adjacent cells? gap junctions anchoring junctions desmosomes tight junctions

The final processing of proteins "tagged" for secretion occurs in which cellular organelle? Golgi apparatus smooth endoplasmic reticulum rough endoplasmic reticulum secretory vesicle

Which organelle synthesizes proteins that are used in the cytoplasm? Golgi apparatus mitochondria rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) ribosomes that are free within the cytoplasm

What part of the plasma membrane is hydrophobic? proteins sugar groups phospholipid "heads" phospholipid "tails"

What type of membrane junction allows ions to pass directly from the cytoplasm of one cell to the cytoplasm of the adjacent cell? gap junction impermeable junction tight junction desmosome

Which of these organelles is responsible for forming secretory vesicles? rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) lysosomes smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) Golgi apparatus

What process permits absorption of glucose into cells? filtration facilitated diffusion osmosis simple diffusion

Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease in which acid hydrolase enzymes escape from leaky cellular organelles, causing pain and a burning sensation in joints. The leaky organelles from which these acid hydrolase enzymes escape are the __________. ribosomes peroxisomes lysosomes mitochondria

When a person is severely burned, fluid accumulates in pockets of skin called blisters. Which of the following cellular structures has been damaged and is the ultimate cause of fluid accumulation? plasma membrane cytoskeleton centrioles microvilli

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA duplication, or replication, take place? Anaphase Metaphase Interphase Prophase

When a double helix of DNA is replicated, two complete helices are formed. Together, these helices are called sister __________. chromatids chromosomes centromeres telomeres

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids line up at the center of the cell? Anaphase Prophase Telophase Metaphase

During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids move apart? Telophase Anaphase Metaphase Prophase

During which phase of mitosis do nuclear envelopes and the nucleoli reappear? Telophase Prophase Anaphase Metaphase

During which phase of mitosis do the nuclear envelope and nucleoli disappear? Prophase Telophase Anaphase Metaphase

What is the name of the process by which the cytoplasm divides in two? Cytoplasmic streaming Cytokinesis Segregation Microtubule shortening

A primary active transport process is one in which __________. an intracellular vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the extracellular fluid molecules move across the plasma membrane without an input of energy molecules move through transport proteins that have been activated by ATP the plasma membrane folds inward to form a vesicle containing extracellular material molecules pass directly through the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma

Some transport processes use transport proteins in the plasma membrane, but do not require ATP. This type of transport is known as _____. endocytosis exocytosis simple diffusion facilitated diffusion active transport

The majority of water molecules moving across plasma membranes by osmosis do so via a process that is most similar to ____. simple diffusion facilitated diffusion active transport cotransport a process that requires energy from the cell

The sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to move sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This statement describes _____. facilitated diffusion simple diffusion primary active transport exocytosis secondary active transport

A vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents to the extracellular fluid. This statement describes _____. active transport simple diffusion endocytosis facilitated diffusion exocytosis

Which of the following is not required for osmosis to occur? water concentration gradient selectively permeable membrane cellular energy

Which of the following solutions contains the most solute? hypertonic isotonic hypotonic equilibrium

In general, to maintain homeostasis the relationship between our intracellular and extracellular fluids should be which of the following? intracellular and extracellular should both be hypertonic intracellular should be hypertonic to extracellular intracellular should be hypotonic to extracellular isotonic to each other

If a person is severely dehydrated, their extracellular fluids will become hypertonic to the intracellular fluid. What do you predict will happen to the person's cells? The cells will lose water and shrink. The cells will rupture. Extracellular fluids do not impact cell size, because cells contain intracellular fluid. The cells will swell.

Which of the following best explains diffusion? movement of molecules from where there are fewer of them to where there are more movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration exchange of nonpolar molecules for polar molecules movement of molecules farther away from equilibrium

Which of the following is most likely to move through the cell membrane by facilitated diffusion? O2 Na+ small lipids CO2

What is the basic difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane? In simple diffusion, molecules move down the concentration gradient but in facilitated diffusion molecules move up the concentration gradient. Simple diffusion is passive but facilitated diffusion is an active process that uses energy. In facilitated diffusion, molecules only move with the aid of a protein in the membrane. Simple diffusion requires molecules to move through special doorways in the cell membrane.

Which of the following is least likely to increase the rate of diffusion? higher concentration of molecules small molecule size high temperature small concentration gradient

What process does water use to move across the plasma membrane? active transport diffusion osmosis phagocytosis

In which phase of mitosis does the number of chromosomes in a cell double? interphase telophase anaphase metaphase

What process does a cell use to make an RNA copy of a segment of DNA? transcription replication translation cytokinesis

What happens when body cells are placed in a hypertonic solution? Water enters the cell and the cell swells. The size or shape of the cells does not change. Water leaves the cells and the cells shrink. The cells will burst.

What transport process can create a concentration gradient for sodium across the plasma membrane? facilitated diffusion filtration active transport endocytosis

In which cell stage does DNA replicate? anaphase cytokinesis prophase interphase

Which of the following molecules brings the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome during protein synthesis? messenger RNA ribosomal RNA transfer RNA DNA

What type of tissue has cells that are tightly packed, sits on a basement membrane, is avascular, and is easily regenerated? muscle tissue nervous tissue epithelium connective tissue

What tissue is specialized for the rapid diffusion of gases and nutrients across its cells? transitional epithelium simple columnar epithelium simple squamous epithelium simple cuboidal epithelium

A large amount of extracellular material is a characteristic of which type of tissue? connective tissue epithelium nervous tissue muscle tissue

Which type of muscle is characterized by the presence of striations and intercalated discs? voluntary muscle cardiac muscle smooth muscle skeletal muscle

What is the significance of granulation tissue? It is a type of connective tissue. It is seen with aging. It formed during tissue repair. It is found in embryos.

Which type of tissue is NOT readily repaired if damaged? tissues whose cells remain mitotic throughout life epithelial tissue liver tissues whose mature cells are amitotic

After a heart attack, the heart's ability to pump is lessened. This is because __________. nerve damage results in the loss of voluntary control intercalated discs are destroyed non-functional scar tissue replaces functional muscle tissue some of the multiple nuclei within the cardiac muscle cells are damaged

Sometimes an abnormal cell mass can develop in the human body. It can take control of the cell cycle, and cell division can malfunction. Which of the following does NOT describe all neoplasms? cancer tumor "new growth" control of the cell cycle and cell division malfunction abnormal cell mass

Some neoplasms are benign while others are malignant. Which of the following descriptions is true for a malignant neoplasm? slow growing may become a killer due to relentless growth seldom kills its host surrounded by a capsule All of these are true descriptions of a malignant neoplasm.