Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology(11) Activity Lab 14 – Flashcards

Which of these is a substrate for amylase? glycerol starch protein fat

Gloria is experiencing pain in the upper right portion of her abdomen, has fatty deposits around her eyes, has greasy diarrhea, and bleeds excessively when she menstruates. What important substance does Gloria lack that is causing these symptoms? bile amylase gastrin trypsin

Local hormones secreted by the stomach and duodenum regulate digestive activity.

Which of these organs is an accessory organ of the digestive system? stomach spleen gallbladder colon

What is a function of saliva? inhibits bacterial growth in the oral cavity begins protein digestion secretes intrinsic factor initiates swallowing

What accessory organ produces bile? liver parotid gland appendix pancreas

What structure controls the movement of chyme from the small intestine to the large intestine? cardioesophageal sphincter cecum pyloric sphincter ileocecal valve

Where is most of your food digested? in the mouth in the large intestine in the stomach in the small intestine

Which of these produces bile? pancreas duodenum spleen liver

Which of these is found in saliva? acid lipase pepsin lysozyme

Maurice was born "tongue-tied," a condition known technically as ankyloglossia. Maurice is unable to speak properly and has difficulty swallowing because his tongue cannot efficiently push food to the back of his mouth. What structure in Maurice's mouth must be surgically corrected to fix these problems? the vestibule the uvula the lingual frenulum the lingual tonsils

In peritonitis, the peritoneal membranes stick together at the sight of infection. What function does this serve? The peritoneal membranes' sticking together reduces blood flow to the area of infection, which promotes quicker healing. The peritoneal membranes' sticking together has no function. If fact, it would make matters worse. The peritoneal membranes' sticking together stimulates contractions in the muscularis externa, which would attract more macrophages to the site of infection. The peritoneal membranes' sticking together helps to prevent the infection from spreading.

Which of the following teeth are most likely to become impacted and require surgical removal? first molars second molars third molars fourth molars

Which of the following conditions could lead to a person's becoming jaundiced? gallstones hepatitis cirrhosis All of these conditions could lead to a person's becoming jaundiced.

Which of these is secreted by the pancreas? cholecystokinin (CCK) pepsin brush border enzymes trypsin

Which of these stimulates the contraction of the gallbladder? histamine cholecystokinin (CCK) secretin gastrin

What hormone secreted by the duodenum inhibits secretion of gastric juices and stimulates the release of insulin? secretin cholecystokinin (CCK) gastric inhibitory peptide histamine

Which of these is an example of mechanical digestion? chewing peristalsis ingestion mass movement

What term refers to alternating waves of contraction and relaxation of the digestive tract that propel food along the tract? churning segmentation deglutition peristalsis

Which of these are broken down by brush border enzymes? starches disaccharides fats proteins

What is the end product of protein digestion? monosaccharides peptides amino acids glycerol

A hiatal hernia is a problem associated with which of the following sphincters? pyloric cardioesophageal anal rectal

Which of the following is, essentially, reverse peristalsis? the enterogastric reflex emesis retropulsion segmentation

Which of the following enzymes would be a contributor to pancreatitis? pepsin chymotrypsin rennin salivary amylase

A serious, inflammatory condition in which the colon mucosa protrudes through the colon wall is called __________. hepatitis diverticulitis gastritis peritonitis

Which of the following conditions could lead to a pathological electrolyte imbalance? diverticulosis peptic ulcer constipation diarrhea

Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration. acetyl CoA ? citric acid cycle ? electron transport chain ? glycolysis citric acid cycle ? electron transport chain ? glycolysis ? acetyl CoA electron transport chain ? citric acid cycle ? glycolysis ? acetyl CoA glycolysis ? acetyl CoA ? citric acid cycle ? electron transport chain glycolysis ? citric acid cycle ? acetyl CoA ? electron transport chain

What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration? C6H12O6 + 6 O2 ? 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy 6 O2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy ? C6H12O6 + 6 CO2 C6H12O6 + 6 H2O ? 6 CO2 + 6 O2 + ATP energy 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy ? C6H12O6 + 6 O2 C6H12O6 + 6 CO2 ? 6 O2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy

Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell? glycolysis acetyl CoA formation ATP production by ATP synthase electron transport chain citric acid cycle

n what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain? chloroplast lysosome mitochondrion nucleus Golgi apparatus

Which statement describes glycolysis? This process joins 2 pyruvic acid molecules into a molecule of glucose. This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration. This process converts pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA. This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion. This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.

Which statement describes the citric acid cycle? This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration. This process converts pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA. This process joins 2 pyruvic acid molecules into a molecule of glucose. This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose. This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion

Which statement describes the electron transport chain? This process converts pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA. This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion. This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration. This process joins 2 pyruvic acid molecules into a molecule of glucose. This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.

What must occur before a fatty acid can be metabolized by cellular respiration? The fatty acid must be broken down into two-carbon molecules, acetic acid. The fatty acid must be broken down into amino acids before they can enter the Krebs cycle. The fatty acid chain must be broken down into three-carbon molecules, pyruvate. The fatty acids must be linked to glycerol and form a neutral fat.

Which of these carries excess cholesterol from body cells to the liver? HDL bile glycogen LDL

What hormone is most responsible for determining the basal metabolic rate? thyroxine growth hormone cortisol histamine

What must occur to maintain your body weight? The energy in the food you consume must be less than the energy used by your body. The energy in the food you consume must be greater than the energy used by your body. You must exercise daily. The energy in the food you consume must equal to the energy used by your body.

When blood sugar levels are low, the liver can make sugar from amino acids and fats. What is this process called? glycogenesis glycolysis gluconeogenesis glycogenolysis

What fuel is preferred by most body cells to produce ATP? oxygen fat glucose Protein

What organ manufactures and stores most of the body's glycogen as a ready source of glucose? pancreas liver kidney heart

What part of the brain maintains body temperature? medulla oblongata hypothalamus thalamus pons

Amelie has hypothyroidism. What hormone supplement will improve Amelie's condition? thyroxine secretin somatostatin gastrin

Which of the following is a correct difference between frostbite and hypothermia? Frostbite is a problem in low temperatures; hypothermia is a problem at high temperatures. Frostbite is localized; hypothermia is systemic. Frostbite is more life-threatening than hypothermia. All of these are correct differences between frostbite and hypothermia.

Margy suffers from anorexia, which has led to a hypothalamic disease. Which of the following could be a problem for Margy? hyperthermia but not hypothermia hypothermia but not hyperthermia both hypothermia and hyperthermia neither hypothermia nor hyperthermia

Winston was running a marathon on a hot day in July. He was close to the finish line when he collapsed. His body temperature increased, his blood pressure dropped, and he was perspiring. Winston was suffering from __________. heat stroke heat exhaustion a fever hypothermia

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding energy balance in the body? Select all correct statements. Excess energy intake will be lost as heat. Energy balance occurs when energy intake equals total energy output. Energy output has only two components, heat and work. The body's weight-controlling systems protect more against weight gain than against weight loss. Energy intake increases when more food is consumed.

Why is it beneficial to take a digestive enzyme supplement with your meals when you are older? Fewer digestive enzymes are secreted as the digestive system ages. Digestive enzymes can prevent colon cancer. Peristalsis slows as we get older. Digestive enzymes can prevent gallstones.

What inborn error of metabolism affects pancreatic secretion of digestive fluids? diabetes mellitus phenylketonuria (PKU) ketoacidosis cystic fibrosis

Morgan, as an infant, had serious problems when breast feeding. He drooled excessively, choked, and became cyanotic. Other than these, Morgan had no other symptoms. What condition did Morgan most likely have? tracheoesophageal fistula cystic fibrosis hypothyroidism pancreatitis

Aging has various effects on the body. In the digestive system, which of the following increases with advanced age? Choose the best answer. senses of taste and smell likelihood of diseases of the digestive system obtaining important nutrients from the diet secretion of digestive juices muscular activity of the digestive tract