WEB 111 – Introduction to Web Flashcards

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Network
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composed of computers, printers, and data storage devices connected to enable the sharing of computing resources and data
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Internet
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a world-wide public network that connects millions of these private networks
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Web 2.0
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defines the "next generation" Web that supports Web-based services such as online advertising models tied to search keywords, search engine optimization methods, the syndication of Web site content, and blogs
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Internet2
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a major cooperative initiative among academia, industry, and government agencies to increase the Internets capabilities and solve some of its challenges
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World Wide Web (Web)
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a part of the Internet that consists of Internet-connected computers called Web servers
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Web Servers
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store electronic documents called Web pages
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Web page
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a specially formatted document that can contain images, text, interactive elements, and hyperlinks, which are links to other pages
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Web site
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a group of related Web pages
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Home Page
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a Web site's primary page that typically introduces the Web site and provides information about the site's purpose and content
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Hyperlink (link)
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a word, phrase, or image that connects Web pages
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Browsing or Surfing the Web
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exploring the Web by jumping from one Web page to another
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Cloud Computing
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refers to an environment where files and software are stored and shared online
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Bookmark or Favorite
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to save a link to the page for future reference
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Electronic Mail (e-mail)
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businesses and individuals rely heavily on electronic messages
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Internet Relay Chat (IRC) / Web-based Chat
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communication technologies that provide a venue, such as a chat room, where people with common interests can exchange text, video, or multimedia messages in real time
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Instant Messaging (IM chat)
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another popular way individuals can exchange one-to-one messages in real time using a chat window that is only visible to those participating in the chat
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Collaborative Workspaces / Virtual Meeting Spaces
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Web sites that allow users to communicate with each other using text, audio, video, whiteboard, and shared files without leaving their own desks
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Blog
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an online journal or diary to which readers can add their own commentary
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Blogging
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Millions of people go online to share ideas and information by hosting and participating in blogs
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Video sharing / Video Blogging
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allow users to share and comment on personal and professional videos
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Social Networking
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the term used to describe sites that allow participants to create a personal network of friends or business contacts
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Social Bookmarking
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allows users to share their Web page favorites, bookmarks, and tags with others
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Tags
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keywords that reference specific images or documents
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Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs)
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Gamers by the millions interact with each other by playing ________
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3D Virtual Worlds
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Others create alternative personas that live their lives in _________
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Electronic Commerce (E-commerce)
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encompasses a wide variety of online business activities, including consumer shopping and investing and the exchange of business data and transactions within a company or among multiple companies
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Business-to-Consumer (B2C) E-commerce
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business transactions that take place between an online business and an individual consumer are called ____________
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Business-to-Business (B2B) E-commerce
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products, services, and business data are exchanged between businesses
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Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) E-commerce
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business transactions occur between consumers
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Transfer Rate
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the speed at which data can travel from one device to another
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Kilobits Per Second (Kbps)
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transfer rates range from thousands of bits per second
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Megabits Per Second (Mbps)
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Millions of bits per second
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Cable Television (CATV) Lines
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enable home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable that delivers television transmissions
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Fixed Wireless
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Internet connectivity service that uses satellite technology
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Mobile Wireless
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people on the go can access the Internet and Web using ____________ technologies
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Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)
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include radio signals, cellular telephones, and wireless providers' broadband networks
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3G
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the third generation, provides mobile broadband access to devices such as laptop computers and smartphones
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4G
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will support services such as gaming and streamed multimedia and are currently being tested and offered in a few cities and countries
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Hot Spot
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a location that provides public Internet access, or directly to a wireless provider's network
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Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
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used to be the main way all users connected to the Internet; high-speed telephone access is still commonly used, in spite of developments in mobile and broadband systems
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Dial-up Line
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a temporary connection hat uses analog telephone lines
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Dedicated Line
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a constant connection between two communication devices that uses the local telephone network
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Streaming Media
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video or sound that downloads to a computer continuously to be watched or listened to in real time, and other common Internet uses
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Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
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a set of standards for digital transmission of data over standard copper telephone lines
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Multiplexing
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With ISDN, the same telephone line that could carry only one computer signal now can carry three or more signals at once, through the same line, using a technique called ____________
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Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
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transmits at fast speeds on existing standard copper telephone wiring
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Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
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a type of DSL that supports faster transmissions when receiving data than when sending data
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T-carrier Line
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is any of several types of digital lines that carry multiple signals over a single communications line
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T-1 Line
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the most popular T-carrier line
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Fractional T-1 Line
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is a less0expensive, albeit slower, connection option for home owners and small businesses
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T-3 Line
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is equal in speed to 28 T-1 lines
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Internet Service Provider (ISP)
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a business that has a permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet connections to individuals and companies using one of more access methods: dial0up, high-speed dial-up, broadband, or wireless
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Regional ISP
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provides Internet access for customers (individuals or businesses) in a specific geographic area
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National ISP
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provides Internet access in most major cities and towns nationwide
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Web Browser (browser)
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a software program that requests, downloads, and displays Web pages stored on a Web server
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Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
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you can access a Web page by entering its unique address in a browser's Address bar
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IP Address
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the numeric address for a computer connected to the Internet
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Domain Names
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the text version of a computer's numeric IP address
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Top-Level Domain (TLD)
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designation indicates the type of organization or general domain for - commercial, nonprofit, network, military, and so forth - which the domain is registered
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Protocol
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specifies the format to be used for transmitting data
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Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
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the communications standard for transmitting Web pages over the Internet
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Handheld Computers
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are wireless, portable computers designed to fit in a user's hand
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Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
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a type of handheld computer used to manage personal information and access the Internet; today, most PDAs are smartphones
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Smartphone
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a mobile phone that offers other features, such as a camera, calendar, and Internet access for e-mail, music downloads, and access to Web pages in addition to cellular voice telephone service
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Netbooks
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are small, lightweight, and inexpensive laptops
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Personal Web Sites
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individuals create their own ____________ for a range of communication purposes
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Organizational Web Site
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is one that is owned by any type of group, association, or organizations, whether it is a professional or amateur group
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Topical Web Site
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a site that is focused on a specific subject
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Commercial Web Sites
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to promote and sell products or services of a business, from the smallest home-based business to the largest international enterprise
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Search Engine
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a Web-based search tool that locates a Web page using a word or phrase found in the page
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Keyword
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to find Web pages on particular topics using a popular search engine you enter a term or phrase in the search engine's text box and click a button usually labeled Search or Go
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Hit
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a match between a keyword search and the resulting occurrence is called a _______
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Index
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a search engine might use a variety of methods to create its Web site database
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Spiders or Robots
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are programs that browse the Web for new pages and then add the pages' URLs and other information to their indexes
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Meta Tags
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are special codes added to Web pages, contain information such as keywords and descriptive data regarding a page
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Metasearch Engine
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a search engine that performs a keyword search using multiple search engines' indexes
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Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
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the process of designing a Web page to increase the likelihood that the page will appear high in a search engine's search results list
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Search Directory
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builds its Web page index using human interaction
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General Consumer Portal
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site offers a variety of features, including search services, e-mail, chat rooms, news, and sports, maps, and online shopping
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Personal Portal
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a version of a general consumer portal which a user can customize for personal preferences
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Vertical Portal
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provides a starting point for finding information about specific areas of interest
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corporate Portal
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run on a company's intranet, provides an entry point for a company's employees and business partners into its private network
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Hyperlocal Portal
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provides information about and is written by someone living in a specific geographical area
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Markup Language
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a coding system that uses tags to provide instructions about the appearance, structure, and formatting of a document
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Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
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a markup language used to create Web pages
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Attributes
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HTML 4.01 tags and tag modifiers
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HTML Tags
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the HTML markup language defines how Web page elements are formatted and organized using predefined codes called _____
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Extensible Markup Language (XML)
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a markup language that uses both predefined and customized tags to facilitate the consistent sharing of information, especially within large groups
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Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML)
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the HTML 4.01 standard has been rewritten to combine the features of both HTML and XML as the _____
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Wireless Markup Language (WML)
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an XML-based markup language used to design Web pages specifically for microbrowsers on handheld computers, PDAs, and smartphones
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Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)
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a document that uses rules to standardize the appearance of a Web page content by defining styles for such elements as font, margins, positions, background colors, and more
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Scripting Languages
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are programming languages used to write short programs that execute in real time at the server or in the Web browser when a Web page is downloaded
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Scripts
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are used to make Web pages dynamic and interactive by adding such features as multimedia, animation, and forms or by connecting Web pages to underlying databases
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Examples of Scripting Languages
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JavaScript, Active Server Pages (ASP), PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor nd Mysql
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Active Content
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Web page content created by a scripting language such as JavaScript and ASP is also called ______
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Malware
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is malicious software, including computer viruses and Internet worms, which can infect a single computer or an entire network
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Text editor
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is software used to create plain (ASCII) text files
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HTML Editor
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is a text editor enhanced with special features that are used to more easily insert HTML tags and their attributes
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WYSIWYG Editors
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many designers use ____________ to create Web pages
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Microsoft Expression Web or Adobe Dreamweaver
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If you are looking for a professional-strength WYSIWYG editor to create and manage complex, interactive, and animated Web pages, either ____ or _______ would be a good choice
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Web Template
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a predesigned model Web page that you can customize for fast Web site or Web page creation or updating
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Intranet
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a private network within a large organization or commercial entity that uses Internet and Web technologies to share information among only its members, employees, or business partners
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Content Management System (CMS)
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a software system that provides authoring and administrative tools that enable the management of Web content development, including authoring, reviewing, editing, and publishing
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Content Repository
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the templates, style sheets, and other frequently used content elements, such as logo graphic, are stored in a database called a ______
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Content Writer/Editor
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you create and revise the text that visitors read when they visit a Web site, and choose the links, images, video or other media that enhances you text content
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Web Page Designer
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primary role is to convert text, images, and links into Web pages using tools such as markup languages; CSS; and text, HTML, and WYSIWYG editors
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Web Artist/Graphic Designer
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the role of a _____ is to create original art such as logos, stylized typefaces, and avatars or props for 3D virtual worlds
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Multimedia Producer
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design and produce animation, digital video and audio, 2D and 3D models, and other media elements to include in a Web site
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Web programmer
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must be highly skilled in scripting languages, such as JavaScript, Active Server Pages (ASP), PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor, and MySql
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Database Developer
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must possess the technical skills to plan, create, and maintain databases of varying complexity
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Network/Security Administrator
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is responsible for ensuring the day-to-day functionality of the network and protecting it from internal and external threats
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Content Managers
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the need for ___ has emerged in the corporate world primarily because of the growth in size and complexity of corporate sites
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Testers
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examine the Web site for usability across different browsers and devices
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Webmaster
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the responsibilities of a _____ vary dramatically, depending primarily on the staffing and other resources devoted to developing and maintaining a Web site
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System Architect
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determines the structure and technical needs required to build, maintain, and expand the Web site
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Currency Advantage
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over print publications lies in the ability to quickly and inexpensively update Web pages
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Connectivity Advantage
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ability to instantaneously distribute and share content, is a benefit that print publications do no share
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Interactivity Advantage
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over print publications allows for data and resource sharing that enables communication with a site's Customer Service or Sales Department or that allows users to post comments on an article
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Web-based Form
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another popular communication tool is a ________
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Cost Advantage
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on the Web the cost of publishing a piece does not vary based on its length, color composition, or design complexity; thus, the ______ allows for a very different scenario
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Delivery Advantage
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delivering information over the Internet and the Web can be significantly faster and less expensive than using print media
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Balance
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is the harmonious arrangement of elements
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Symmetric
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arrangement of Web elements is centered or even and suggests a conservative, safe, and peaceful atmosphere
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Asymmetrically
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to create a fun, energetic mood, position your Web elements ____, or off balance
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Proximity
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is strongly associated with balance
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White Space
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the empty space surrounding text and images, also can define proximity and help organize Web page elements, eliminate clutter, and make content more readable
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Contrast
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is a mix of elements to stimulate attention
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Focal Point
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a dominating segment of the Web page that directs visitor's attention to a center of interest or activity
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Unity
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a sense of oneness or belonging
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Visual Identity
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the combination of design elements identified with the site and its publisher
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Brand
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the assurance or guarantee that a business or organization offers to its customers
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Branding Specifications
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an entity's brand is continually promoted by the consistent application of ____ for color, images, and text applied to all of the entity's media
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Tag Line
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a concise statement that a consumer readily associates with a business, organization, or product
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Alignment
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the placement of objects in fixed or predetermined positions, rows, or columns
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Chunked Text
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Web page text broken down into small sections with headings, subheadings, and bulleted lists that adequately but concisely cover the topic
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Inverted Pyramid Style
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a classic news writing style that places a summary (or conclusion) first, followed by details, and then any background information
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Color Wheel
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a basic tool for understanding color as a design tool is the _____, which can help you choose effective and appealing color combinations
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Primary colors
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the basis of the color wheel is the set of ____ - red, yellow, and blue
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Secondary Colors
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orange, green, and purple - result from combining two primary colors
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Cool Colors
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the green, blue, and purple colors are categorized as ______, which suggest tranquility and detachment
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Warm Colors
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The yellow, orange, and red colors are categorized as ____, which are associated with activity and power
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Complementary Colors
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are those directly opposite each other on the wheel
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RGB Color System
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computer monitors project color using the ___, which combines channels of red, gree, and blue light
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Values
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are measured from 0 to 255
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Color Depth
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is the actual number of colors that a monitor displays, and is stated in bits
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Hexadecimal System
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uses 16 symbols, the letters A-F and digits 0-9, to signify values
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Bandwidth
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is the quantity of data that can be transmitted in a specific time frame, is measured in bits per second (bps)
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Thumbnail
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miniature versions that link to larger images
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Graphical Display Browsers
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along with text, can display graphic elements such as photographs, clip art, animations, and video
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Alternative Text
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is language that briefly describes each image that loads in a Web page; such information appears in place of turned-off images and helps visitors better understand a page's content
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Resolution
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is the measure of a monitor's sharpness and clarity, related directly to the number of pixels it can display
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Pixel
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short for picture element, is a single point in an electronic image
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Liquid Design / Liquid Layout
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techniques use HTML layout tables or CSS to create Web pages that resize as the browser window resizes for any monitor resolution
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Copyright
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ownership right to the image
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Copyright Notice
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is text that includes the word, copyright, or the symbol, the publication year, and the copyright owner's name
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Personally Identifiable Information (PII)
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social security numbers, credit card numbers, names, addresses, and telephone numbers - is commonly gathered at Web sites, especially through e-commerce transactions
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Encryption
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a process that encodes data into illegible content
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Decryption Techniques
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to restore the usability of encrypted data, users apply ______, which remove the encryption and return data to its original format
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Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
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protocol safeguards and encrypts confidential information as it travels over the Internt
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Cookies
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are small text files stored on a visitor's hard drive
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Privacy Policy Statement
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to ease visitors' concerns, many sites, especially e-commerce sites, include a ___ that explains how any information submitted by a visitor or gathered automatically through server logs and cookies is used
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Web Accessibility
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we designers incorporate alternative features to ensure their sites are usable by people with various types of special needs, such as lost of impaired vision or color blindness
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Web Usability
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involves designing a Web site and its pages so that all visitors to the site can easily and quickly satisfy their goals
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Site Plan / Design Plan
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before you begin to create your first Web page, you must develop a solid, detailed plan for the Web site that determines the purpose, audience, content, structure, visual design, and navigation system
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Goals
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are the results you want your Web site to accomplish within a specific time frame, which can be weeks, months, or years
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Objectives
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are those methods you will choose to accomplish the site's goals
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Purpose Statement
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a formal, written _____ summarizes your site's goals and objectives
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Target Audience
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you must identify the specific group of visitors to which your site is targeted to create a site that provides the most value for that audience
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Target Audience Profile
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a research-based overview that includes information about potential site visitors' demographic and psychographic characteristics
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Demographic Characteristics
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include gender, age group, educational level, income, location, and other characteristics that define who your site visitors are
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Psychographic Characteristics
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include social group affiliations, lifestyle choices, purchasing preferences, political affiliations, and other characteristics that explain why visitors might want to access your site
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Needs Assessment
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after you identify your site's target audience, conduct a ______ by answering questions to determine your audience's wants, needs, and expectations
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Underlying Pages
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provide detailed content and interest
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Search Feature
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a text box into which users enter a search term; the search tool then searches the site for that term
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Splash Page
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uses images, animation, and sound to capture visitors' attention and draw them into the site for further exploration
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Value-added Content
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is information that is relative, informative, and timely; accurate and of high quality; and usable
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Repurpose
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if you must use an existing content element from another medium modify the element for the Web
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Stock Images
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clip art and photogarphs - can be found from a variety of online sources for free
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Audio
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is frequently used as an extremely effective, low-bandwidth alternative to video
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Video Clips
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incorporate the powerful components of movement and sound to express and communicate ideas
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Downloadable Media
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must be downloaded in its entirety to the user's computer before it can be heard or seen
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Animated Images
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are often used by Web sites to attract attention and enliven Web pages
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Animated GIF
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is a popular format which adds movement to otherwise static images
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Flash Animation
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is an animated movie created using Adobe Flash CS5 software
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Multimedia
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typically regarded as any combination of text, images, animation, audio, or video
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Dynamically Generated Content
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updated periodically and can appear on a site's pages when triggered by a specific event, such as the time of day or by visitor request
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Database
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is a file that stores data so that the contents are searchable and easily updated
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Database-driven Web Sites
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sites that use databases to generate dynamic content
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Dead-end Pages
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pages that currently do not fit into the linking arrangement
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Storyboard
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is a series of pages originally developed to graphically present scenes for a movie or television program
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Flowchart
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is a diagram that shows steps or processes; flowcharts are another useful way to outline a site's structures
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Linear/tutorial Site Structure
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organizes and presents Web pages in a specific order
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Random Site Structure / Webbed Site Structure
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does not arrange its pages in a specific order
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Hierarchical Site Structure
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organizes Web pages into categories and subcategories by an increasing level of detail
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Scroll Zone
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the area beyond the initial visible screen
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Eye-tracking Studies
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use various technologies to produce heat maps
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Heat Maps
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in which data is represented by color
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Fixed-width Page Layout
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sets a specific pixel width for the page
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Liquid / Flexible Page Layout
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sets the width of the page as a percentage of the browser window
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Visual Consistency
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you can create _____ by repeating design features - typeface, content position, color scheme - and actual content - name, logo, major links - across all pages at a site
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Color Matching Software
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contains tools you can use to create sample Web site color schemes based on color theory, preview the color schemes in a browser, and then apply the colors in the selected scheme to your Web pages
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Stylee Sheet
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web designers use the CSS specification to create a text document to control the appearance of one or more pages at a site
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Style
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is a group of formatting properties, such as bold, italic, font type, font size, or font color, applied as a group to selected text
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Style Rules
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are specifications that allow you to define one or more formatting properties (declarations) and their values for specific HTML tags (selectors)
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Incline Style
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inserted with the HTML tag on a page
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Internal Style Sheet
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inserted within a page's HTML heading tags
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External Style Sheet
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saved in the folder with the site's pages and linked to them with an HTML tag
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CSS Editor Software
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create style sheets using ____
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Page Layout
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with page length, content placement, and usability in mind, you should create a logical arrangement of content elements that ensures visual consistency across your site's Web pages
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Layout Grid
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many designers use an underlying structure of rows and columns to position content on a page
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HTML Table
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can be used in the same way as a table in a word-processing document or in a spreadsheet
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Data Table
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organizes text or numbers
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Float Property
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sets the left or right position of an element
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Cell Padding Property
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sets the amount of space between table cells
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Cell Spacing Property
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sets the amount of space inside the cell between its contents and its borders
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User-based Navigation System
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provides a linking relationship between pages based on the site visitors' needs rather than the site publisher's needs
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Usability Test
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is an evaluation that generally takes place in a structure environment and is conducted by usability and design professionals who observe exactly how visitors use a Web site and formulate their research in a report containing design recommendations
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User-controlled Navigation System
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provides a variety of ways visitors can move around a site beyond the major links from the home page
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Text Links
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are hyperlinks based on a word or words in an HTML document; text links are a common way to navigate from section to section on the same page, from page to page at the same site, or fro a page at one site to a page at another site
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Target
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a text link should clearly identify its ____, the page to which the link points
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Mouseover Link / Rollover Link
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text links that look like body text until you hover the hand pointer over the text, at which time it changes color and or is underlined indicating a link
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Image Link
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you can create an _____ by assigning a link to an image or a photograph
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Image Map
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sometimes referred to as a clickable map, is an image that contains hot spots, areas on the image to which a link is assigned
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Hot Spots
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areas on the image to which a link is assigned
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Client-side Image Map
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the hop spot link information in a __________ resides in the HTML coding of the page and is processed by the visitor's browser
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Server-side Image Map
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the x- and y-coordinates of the clicked hot spot are sent back to the server, where a script processes the hot spot link information and returns the link's target page
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Breadcrumb Trail
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a hierarchical outline or horizontal list that shows a visitor the path he or she has taken from the home page to the page currently being viewed
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Site Map / Site Index
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a summary page of links to major pages at the site
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Hosted Web Site Search Provider
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is a third-party company that uses spiders or other tools to build a searchable index of your site's pages and then hosts the index on their servers
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AutoComplete
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provides suggestions to site visitors as they type in the search box
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Typeface
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a group of alphabetic characters, numbers, and symbols with the same design
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Type Style
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refers to the variations in form such as roman (regular), italic, or bold
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Type Size
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is measured in points, where 72 points = 1 inch
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Font
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a specific combination of typeface, style, and size is called a _______
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Serif
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some fonts have a short line extending from the top or bottom of a character called a ____
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Sans Serif
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fonts that do not have serifs
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Web-safe Font
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is a commonly available font that most visitors' browsers will be able to display
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Font Family
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includes a default Web-safe font and backup font types to ensure that browsers can recognize the font used in your page or replace it with one of the backups if your page's font is not available on the user's browser
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Absolute Font Sizes
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are measured in inches, points, centimeters, millimeters, and picas
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Relative Font Sizes
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specified in pixels (relative to the viewing screen) or as a percentage in relation to the font size of surrounding text, a percentage of an em unit
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Em Unit
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equals the font size
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Digitial Camera
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records an image electronically, storing images as digital files
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Megapixels
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millions of pixels
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Scanner
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a computer input device that reads printed text or images or objects and then translates the results into a file that a computer can use
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Flatbed Scanner
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the image to be scanned is placed face down on a glass surface, and a scanning mechanism passes under it
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Sheet-fed Scanner
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pulls the object to be scanned into its stationary scanning mechanism
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Drum Scanner
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rotates the object to be scanned around its stationary scanning mechanism
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Tagged Image File Format (TIFF)
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a standard file format for scanning and storage, which can be edited and saved multiple times without losing quality
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Screen Capture Software
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to create an image of computer screen contents
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Screen Shots
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designers use computer screen captures in print media and online to show the contents of a computer screen at a point in time,
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Illustration Software
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is used to create images, such as diagrams and drawings, by drawing shapes, lines and curves
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Raster Images / Bitmaps
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are created pixel by pixel
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Image-editing Software
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bitmaps can be created and edited in _____
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Resolution Dependent
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it cannot be resized in image-editing software without losing some image quality
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File Extension
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a period (.) and a file format identifier - is added to a file's name when the file is save electronically
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Vector images / Vector Graphics
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consist of a group of separate drawing objects
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Resolution Independent
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you can resize a vector image with no loss of image quality; thus, vector images are called ______
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Rasterizing
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to use vector images on the Web, you convert them to bitmap images by saving them in a bitmap file formate
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Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)
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bitmap image file format was created by CompuServe in the late 1980s
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Interlaced GIF
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image appears on the screen in a sequence of passes
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Transparent GIF
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you can turn on or off a single color in a _____ image, such as the image background color, allowing the Web page background color to show through
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Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)
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an international committee sponsored by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards organization
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JPEG File Interchange Format (JFIF)
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image compressions format standard, which today is commonly referred to as the JPEG image format
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Progressive JPEG
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is similar to an interlaced GIF and appears ont he screen in a sequence of passes with prgressively improved image quality, allowing the viewer a preview of the image
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Portable Network Graphics (PNG)
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image format was developed as a free open source image format to replace the GIF format
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Web-ready Images
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involves using image-editing software to refine and enhance the image as necessary, selecting the right format for the type of image and then optimizing the images to find the balance between the smallest possible image size and the highest possible quality
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Crop
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you select part of the image you want to keep and remove the unwanted portion
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Lossless Compression
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all the image data is retained when the image file is compressed during the save process
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Lossy Compression
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some image data is permanently lost during compression
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Compression Artifacting
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a higher compression value will result in smaller, fast-loading image files, but at a greater loss of image data
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