Test #4 Main Approaches To Student Learning – Flashcards
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The two main approaches to student learning are direct instruction and A. deconstructivist. B. instrumental. C. constructivist approach. D. cooperative.
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c
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In Mr. Durgan's U.S. history class, students work in teams to explore, research, and present a topic to the class. They can choose from a list of topics or propose a topic to the teacher for approval. Mr. Durgan serves as their guide and mentor for the project. This is an example of A. the constructivist approach to learning. B. the jigsaw classroom. C. direct instruction. D. an open education approach.
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a
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One of the criticisms of the direct instruction approach to learning is that it A. is boring for the learners. B. focuses too much on the development of critical thinking and not enough of the content of the discipline. C. turns children into passive learners. D. wastes valuable class time
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c
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The top-dog phenomenon occurs when A. older students bully younger students in the school setting. B. students go from being the most powerful in a school to the least powerful in a new, higher-level school. C. shy students compete with more assertive students for respect of their peers. D. teachers let students know that they are in control in the classroom.
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b
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No Child Left Behind places responsibility for student learning primarily on A. the federal government. B. individual towns and communities. C. the states. D. teachers' unions.
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c
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) In suggesting ways to improve schools, the National Research Council emphasized the importance of A. finding ways to get students more engaged in learning. B. expanding the high-school curriculum to include courses on life skills. C. getting back to basics and eliminating many elective courses. D. extending the school day to allow for more instructional time.
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a
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) Which of the following statements regarding school dropouts is NOT true? A. Students from low-income families are more likely to drop out than those from middle- income families. B. A positive trajectory towards academic success is related to good parent-adolescent relationships in early adolescence. C. Approximately one-third of the girls who drop out do so for personal reasons. D. Almost 50 percent of students drop out due to personal problems.
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d
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Mr. Delaney encourages his students to be independent thinkers and doers, but he still monitors them and provides clear rules and regulations for his classroom. He engages his students in considerable verbal exchanges about the subject matter and displays a caring attitude towards them. Mr. Delaney has which of the following classroom management strategies? A. authoritative B. authoritarian C. semi-permissive D. laissez-faire
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a
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Students in permissive strategy classrooms have all of the following EXCEPT A. low self-control. B. considerable autonomy. C. support for developing learning skills. D. inadequate academic skills.
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c
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Ross's parents have routines for meals, chores, recreation, homework, and bedtimes. As a result, Ross is likely to A. be on the honor roll nearly every term. B. have few school problems. C. be involved in several extracurricular activities. D. rebel against his parents for forcing such a scheduled life.
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b
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The most frequent type of bullying is A. being belittled about looks or speech. B. having false rumors and gossip spread. C. being hit or pushed. D. none of these.
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a
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Oliver has been threatened and harassed on the Internet by another child. He has had rumors spread about him and has had direct threats made against him. Oliver is a victim of A. instrumental bullying. B. virtual harassment. C. cyberbullying. D. covert bullying.
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c
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Troy, an African American student, works in cooperation with students from a variety of backgrounds who each contribute different parts of a classroom project in order for the group to reach a common goal. Troy is participating in a A. jigsaw classroom. B. patchwork classroom. C. crossword classroom. D. router classroom.
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a
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The largest group of U.S. students to receive special education is children with A. mental retardation. B. emotional problems. C. learning disabilities. D. speech and language impairments
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c
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Ellen Winner's three characteristics of adolescents who are gifted are precocity, a passion to master, and A. marching to their own drummer. B. becoming easily bored. C. external motivation. D. slow but methodical processing of information
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a
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ADHD is best treated with A. medication and behavior management. B. behavior management without medication. C. stimulant medications. D. antidepressant medications
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a
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Liam does not have as high an IQ as his twin brother, but Liam persists at his tasks and has confidence that he will be able to solve life's problems. According to research, we can predict A. Liam will not be as successful as his intellectually brighter twin. B. Liam may be quite a high achiever because he has adaptive motivational patterns. C. Liam will probably give up easily and thus end up being a low achiever. D. None of these
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b
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Self-determination, curiosity, challenge, and effort are all _____ in adolescents' motivation, whereas rewards and punishments are _____ in adolescents' motivation. A. extrinsic factors; intrinsic B. cognitive factors; incentives C. intrinsic factors; extrinsic D. incentives; extrinsic
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c
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Kayla, an honors student, received a C+ on her report on Pearl Harbor. She says that the teacher doesn't like her because she is an atheist and her teacher is a very religious woman. She believes that she received a low grade because of this dislike. Kayla is making _____ about the cause of her low paper grade. A. an external attribution B. an internal attribution C. a fictional finalism D. a paranoid delusion
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a
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Mrs. Hynes meets with Devon to discuss his low grade in her class. Educational psychologists recommend getting adolescents to attribute their poor performance to internal factors. Which of the following statements by Devon would indicate to Mrs. Hynes that he has this concept? A. "Your tests are almost impossible to pass." B. "When you walk up and down the aisles while I am taking a test, you make me nervous." C. "I am working too many hours at my job and I've not been putting in the time to study." D. "My house is too noisy; I share a room with my younger brother and he is a jerk!"
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c
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Which psychological approaches stress the importance of intrinsic motivation in achievement? A. behavioral approaches B. humanistic approaches C. psychoanalytical approaches D. existential approaches
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b
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Research has shown that adolescents show two distinct responses to difficult or challenging circumstances. One is mastery orientation and the other is A. defensive orientation. B. helpless orientation. C. withdrawal. D. none of these.
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b
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Andre focuses on winning the prize for the best essay on civil disobedience. He believes that he will be happy if he wins. Andre has a A. mastery motivation. B. performance motivation. C. competitive orientation. D. fixed mindset.
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b
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Which of the following statements regarding social comparison is TRUE? A. Adolescents are more likely to engage in social comparison than children. B. Children are more likely to engage in social comparison than adolescents. C. Adolescents are most likely to compare themselves to people who are different from them. D. Adolescents freely admit that they engage in social comparison
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a
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Luz's neighbor, Dr. Spire, is a professor of sociology at a community college. Dr. Spire takes Luz to class with her when Luz is on school vacation, and she encourages Luz to think about attending college. Luz has great respect for Dr. Spire, and Dr. Spire loves watching Luz grow more confident in her ability to go on to college. This is an example of A. formal mentoring. B. quasi-parental mentoring. C. upward-mobility mentoring. D. natural mentoring
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d
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Which of the following statements about self-efficacy is TRUE? A. Self-efficacy has much in common with mastery motivation. B. Self-efficacy influences a student's choice of activities. C. High self-efficacy adolescents had higher academic aspirations. D. All of these are true.
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d
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American children perform more poorly in _____ than students in some other countries. A. spelling B. social studies and geography C. math and science D. all of these
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c
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Which of the following statements regarding adolescents' work hours and types of jobs is NOT true? A. Most adolescents work between 16 and 20 hours per week. B. Many students work in restaurants. C. About 20 percent of students work in offices doing clerical work. D. About 10 percent of students work in unskilled labor.
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c
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Which of the following statements regarding paid work and adolescents in other countries is TRUE? A. In many countries, boys often spend more time in paid work than girls. B. In many countries, girls often spend more time in paid work than boys. C. U.S. adolescents are more unlikely to participate in paid labor than are European adolescents. D. A and C are true.
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a
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Which of the following statements regarding college students and work is TRUE? A. As the number of hours of work increases, so does likelihood of dropping out of school. B. Most colleges try to reserve some sections of classes for working students to make scheduling easier for these students. C. Most colleges restrict the number of hours that students can work and still remain in good standing. D. All of these are true.
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a
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What is a cooperative (co-op) education program? A. It is unpaid work experience that may or may not be related to a student's career of choice. B. It is for college juniors and seniors. C. It is a part-time job. D. A co-op is a paid apprenticeship in the student's career of choice.
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d
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A student who has not yet made a commitment to a career but is still exploring options is in A. identity diffusion. B. identity moratorium. C. identity foreclosure. D. identity achievement.
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b
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The developmental psychopathology approach focuses on A. describing and exploring the developmental pathways of problems. B. looking at family patterns of pathology over three or more generations. C. looking at prenatal influences that might predispose an adolescent to psychopathology. D. looking at parental discipline techniques that might contribute to acting-out behaviors.
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a
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Hannah, age 22, suffers from an anxiety disorder that requires her to take anti-anxiety medication in order to function at her job and in her personal life. Hannah has which of the following problems? A. an externalizing problem B. an internalizing problem C. a latent problem D. an acute problem
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b
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Which approach emphasizes that biological, psychological, and social factors interact to produce the problems that adolescents, emerging adults, and people of other ages develop? A. the multimodal approach B. the multi-context approach C. the comprehensive approach D. the biopsychosocial approach
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d
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The behavioral problems that most likely cause adolescents to be referred to a clinic for mental health treatment are A. feelings of sadness or depression. B. feelings of anxiety. C. eating disorders. D. self-injurious behaviors
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a
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Research by Alan Sroufe and colleagues found that anxiety problems in adolescence are linked with A. secure attachment in infancy. B. insecure resistant attachment in infancy. C. avoidant attachment in infancy. D. disorganized attachment in infancy.
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b
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Critics of the daily-hassles approach argue that knowing about a person's daily irritations and problems tells us nothing about A. whether or not those are real hassles. B. the strength of those hassles. C. the person's coping abilities. D. major life events that are going on at the same time.
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c
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The four problems that affect the largest number of adolescents are sexual problems, juvenile delinquency, drug abuse, and A. eating disorders. B. self-injurious behaviors. C. depression. D. school-related problems.
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d
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Researcher Ann Masten has found that all of these factors are linked to resilience EXCEPT A. individual factors. B. family factors. C. community factors. D. extra-familial factors.
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c
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Shelley Taylor and her colleagues found which of the following gender differences related to stress? A. Males and females tend to deal with stress in similar ways. B. Females are less likely than males to deal with stress with a "fight or flight" response. C. Males deal with stress and threatening situations with a "tend and befriend" approach. D. Female aggression is linked to the limbic system.
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b
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Kate is having problems understanding the concepts in her sociology class. She goes to see her professor during his office hours, and she studies with a group of students who can help her. Kate is using what Lazarus would call A. emotion-focused coping. B. reactive coping. C. problem-focused coping. D. supportive coping.
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c
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Which of the following statements regarding coping strategies is NOT true? A. Many people use both problem-focused and emotion-focused coping. B. Emotion-focused coping works better than problem-focused coping. C. Problem-solving coping works better, in general, than emotion-focused coping. D. All of these are actually true.
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b
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Which of the following is the BEST way to treat depression in adolescence? A. cognitive behavioral therapy B. antidepressant medication C. a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and antidepressant medication D. psychoanalytic therapy
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c
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Which of the following is an accurate description of the trend in U.S. teen drug use today? A. The proportions of eighth-, tenth-, and twelfth-grade U.S. students using illicit drugs declined in the late 1990s and the first years of the twenty-first century. B. The use of drugs among U.S. secondary-school students began to decrease in the early 1990s. C. Cocaine is the most widely used illicit drug by U.S. adolescents in the twenty-first century. D. All of these are accurate
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a
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Tyler, age 13, has brought alcohol to school on two occasions and has run away from home twice. Tyler's acts are A. index offenses. B. status offenses. C. conduct offenses. D. none of these.
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b
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Kathy's parents use alcohol quite a bit. After they get home from work, they drink steadily all evening and, although she has never seen her parents drunk, they don't spend much time interacting with each other or the children. According to research, Kathy is at risk for A. drinking heavily herself. B. depression. C. social isolation. D. becoming angry with her peers who drink.
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a
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Teens who use prescription narcotics to get high are most likely to obtain the drugs by A. buying them on the street from drug dealers. B. buying them at school from classmates who are selling their own medications. C. stealing them from the medicine cabinets of their parents and their friends' parents. D. making up stories of being in pain to get prescriptions for the drugs from their doctors.
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c
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What differences exist between bulimics and anorexics? A. Bulimics and anorexics have about a 70 percent recovery rate. B. Both anorexics and bulimics are preoccupied with food. C. Bulimics typically fall within a normal weight; anorexics are underweight. D. Bulimics are likely to be depressed and anxious; anorexics are more likely to be angry and hostile.
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c
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The reason that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention does not have a category for obese children and adolescents is because A. it is not possible to determine which children and adolescents are obese. B. the stigma of the word obese is thought to be harmful. C. there are no obese children and adolescents in the United States. D. of all of these
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b
