question

Which of the following is not true about math disabilities? a) concrete materials are only appropriate to use with very young students b) math difficulties can range from moderate to severe c) children who have strong understanding of math concepts may have poor computational skills d) some math difficulties are due to difficulty understanding the language of math

answer

a) concrete materials are only appropriate to use with very young students

question

When writing creatively, students with learning disabilities tend to:

answer

use less complex sentence structures write paragraphs that are less well organized include fewer ideas

question

What best distinguishes a disability from a handicap?

answer

disabilities > functional impairments handicap > disadvantages imposed on an individual

question

Research through CAT scans, MRIs, and PET scans suggest that some cases of learning disabilities are caused by:

answer

structural and functional differences in the brain

question

One major advantage of the RTI methods of identifying LDs is:

answer

it is not subject to the same "wait-fail" criticism

question

The legal term referring to the fact that exceptional children must be educated in as normal an environment as possible:

answer

Least Restrictive Environment

question

For students with disabilities, assessment of progress in the general education curriculum:

answer

must be addressed in every IEP

question

The number of students identified as having an LD:

answer

has more than doubled since mid-1970s

question

The "typical" student who receives SPED services is:

answer

elementary school students with learning disabilities

question

Which is an expectation for general education teachers? a) management of serious behavior problems b) knowledge of SPED law c) participating in writing IEPs d) instruction of students with serious learning problems

answer

c) participating in writing IEPs

question

Which federal act requires most students with disabilities to take standard tests of academic achievement and to achieve at a level equal to that of students without disabilities?

answer

No Child Left Behind Act

question

Self-instructional training is an example of:

answer

cognitive training

question

A method in which the teacher-student relationship is similar to that of an expert and an apprentice is:

answer

Reciprocal Teaching

question

Programs consisting of precisely sequenced, fast-paced lessons taught to small groups with an emphasis on drill and practice, a teaching script and immediate feedback are using which approach?

answer

Direct Instruction

question

The federal definition of E/BD has been most widely criticized for its exclusion of children with:

answer

Social maladjustment

question

According to the federal government, what percentage of the school-aged population is identified for special education services under the category of "emotional disturbance"?

answer

less than 1%

question

Each of the following is included within autism spectrum disorders EXCEPT a) Butler's disorder b) Asperger's Syndrome c) pervasive development disorder d) childhood disintegrative disorder

answer

a) Butler's Disorder

question

The most common fluency disorder is:

answer

stuttering

question

increasingly, researches recognize that problem behavior occurs less frequently in the classroom when:

answer

the teacher is offering effective instruction

question

The term "hard of hearing" refers to people who hearing impairments

answer

who have enough residual hearing to process sound with a hearing aid

question

Neurological Basis for autism:

answer

1) people with autism have high incidence of brain seizures and cognitive deficits 2) postmortem and neurological imaging studies have implicated several areas of the brain that differ from those people without autism 3) People with autism may have experienced, sudden, excessive brain growth followed by a deceleration in growth

question

Which academic area is most affected by deafness?

answer

reading

question

A condition in which persons display behaviors typical of autism but to a lesser degree and/or with an onset later than 3 years of age is:

answer

Pervasive Developmental Disorder

question

Fragile X Syndrome occurs most often in

answer

males

question

Alzheimer's disease has been linked to which cause of intellectual disabilities?

answer

Down Syndrome

question

A particularly controversial point of view held by many members of the Deaf culture is that:

answer

children should not receive cochlear implants to improve their hearing

question

Repetitive, ritualistic motor movements such as twirling, flapping hands, and rocking are known as:

answer

stereotypical behaviors

question

Autism Spectrum Disorders are ________ times ______ for girls than boys

answer

4, higher

question

All states routinely screen for this before babies leave the hospital:

answer

Phenylketonuria

question

The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) focuses on:

answer

improving relatively severe language problems

question

On standardized tests, most students with E/BD perform:

answer

below grade level

question

Which of the following features is common to most definitions of E/BD? a) behavior that is sometimes normal and sometimes deviant b) socially unacceptable behavior c) psychological processing problem d) sudden onset of an extreme behavior problem

answer

b) socially unacceptable behavior

question

What percentage of children identified for SPED receives services primarily for speech or language disorders?

answer

20%

question

A condition that is much like autism but usually without significant delays in cognition and language

answer

Asperger Syndrome

question

It is difficult to estimate the prevalence of communication disorders primarily because

answer

there is so much overlap with other categories of disability

question

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) includes the following except a)limited use of reinforcement b) using structured lessons c) require continuous assessment of progress d) focus on functional skills

answer

a) limited use of reinforcement

question

Among students who are deaf, those who achieve the highest levels of literacy tend to have

answer

parents who are deaf and teach them ASL

question

Under IDEA, "functional behavioral assessment" (FBA)

answer

clearly refers to a specific set of procedures designed to pinpoint the function of a student's behavior

question

Fetal alcohol syndrome is classified as resulting from a/an

answer

environmental hazard

question

Two broad dimensions of behavior disorders are

answer

externalizing and internalizing

question

Children with autism have impaired communications; as many as 50 percent are thought to

answer

be mute

question

How is adaptive behavior typically assessed?

answer

A parent, teacher, or professional answers questions related to the student's behavior

question

The most common known heredity cause of intellectual disabilities is:

answer

Fragile X Syndrome

question

People with Asperger syndrome tend to be

answer

overly literal and focused on logical over emotion

question

The meanings and concepts people attach to words and sentences are referred to as

answer

semantics

question

A biologically determined behavior style is a

answer

temperament

question

Despite problems in defining E/BD, most children with severe E/BD are easily recognized because

answer

their behavior attracts immediate attention

question

The purpose of early intervention programs for children at risk for mild intellectual disabilities is

answer

preventing intellectual disabilities or furthering development of children who have intellectual disabilities.

question

From an educational point of view, how is "deafness" best defined?

answer

an inability to understand speech even with a hearing aid

question

Most scientists argue that the dramatic increase in prevalence statistics for autism is due to each of the following except: a) widespread use of vaccinations for babies b) "diagnostic substitution" c) a widening of the criteria used for autism d) a greater awareness of autism in general

answer

C) a widening of the criteria used for autism

question

Most children are diagnosed with autism by the age

answer

3

question

Each of the following is a diagnostic characteristic of predominantly inattentive ADHD except a) often talks excessively b) often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly c) is easily distracted by extraneous stimuli d) often has difficulty organizing for tasks or activities

answer

a) often talks excessively

question

What is the prevalence of exceptional learners?

answer

every 10 out of 100 students (10%)

question

Low Incidence Disabilities

answer

occur very rarely ** blindness, deafness, deaf-blindness

question

High Incidence Disabilities

answer

frequently found disabilities ** learning disabilities, communication disorders, emotional or behavioral disorders

question

Parents' Reactions to a Disabled Child

answer

Go through stages of shock/disruption, denial, sadness, anxiety/fear, anger, and adaption Guilt is usually felt as well

question

Siblings' Reactions to a Disabled Sibling

answer

Adolescence are more concerned about the public's perception of them and their siblings Go through fear, anger, and guilt Younger siblings have a harder time adjusting

question

Prevalence of Intellectual Disorders

answer

around 1% >> low percentage is due to schools'personnel considering low adaptive behavior as a sign as well as low IQ scores

question

Causes of Intellectual Disorders

answer

Prenatal: chromosomal disorders, inborn metabolism errors, developmental disorders affecting brain formation, and environmental factors Perinatal: anoxia, low birth weight, and infections (herpes/syphilis) Postnatal: traumatic brain injury, brain infection, and heredity

question

Prevalence of Learning Disabilities

answer

Boys outnumber girls 3:1

question

What Causes Learning Disabilities?

answer

central nervous system dysfunction and heredity and toxins and premature birth

question

Cognitive Training Focuses on:

answer

1) changing thought processes 2) providing strategies for learning 3) teaching self-initiative

question

Types of Cognitive Training

answer

Self - Instruction > students verbally explain what they are doing Self- Monitoring > students self-evaluate and self-record Scaffolding Instruction Reciprocal Teaching

question

Prevalence of ADHD

answer

3-7% of school age students Boys outnumber girls

question

Causes of ADHD

answer

imbalance of dopamine and norepinephrine exposure to toxins such a lead complications at birth or low birth weight

question

Medications Considerations

answer

Ritalin and Strattera

question

Five Characteristics that can consider an individual to be emotionally disturbed

answer

in ability to learn inability to establish satisfactory relationships inappropriate behavior pervasive unhappiness or depression physical symptoms, pains, or fears

question

Causes of E/BDs

answer

biological, family, school, and culture

question

Characteristics of Learners with an Autism Spectrum Disorder

answer

deficits in social interaction, communication, and cognition have repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior abnormal sensory perceptions lack

question

Major Speech Disorders

answer

Articulation, Fluency, Phonological, Motor-speech, and Voice

question

How do professionals define and classify individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing?

answer

Loss of 90dB or greater

question

Conductive Hearing Impairments

answer

involve the middle or outer ear

question

Sensorineural Hearing Impairments

answer

involve the inner ear

question

Causes of Hearing Impairments

answer

infection of ear canal or tumors, malfunction of ossicles, heredity, or acquired

question

English Sign System V. ASL

answer

ESS 1&2 has a sign for every english word and follows english grammar rules ASL its own lang. handshape, location, and movement

question

Educational Definition of Blindness

answer

needing braille or aural methods

question

Blindness is the visual acuity of

answer

20/200 or less 20/70 is low vision

question

Causes of Visual Impairments

answer

errors of refraction, brain damage or dysfunction, excessive concentrations of oxygen, underdevelopment of optic nerves, improper muscle functioning

question

Intervention

answer

Long Cane, Seeing Eye Dog, Tactile Maps, Human guides, or technological aids

question

Prevalence of Low Incidence, Multiple, and Severe Disabilities is

answer

1% or fewer

question

Traumatic Brain Injuries

answer

80% of deaths from TBIs are of children under the age of 3 age 14-19 is at highest risk preschoolers are the second highest at risk group

question

Cerebral Palsy

answer

500,000 people have it 10-20% of children diagnosed get it after their first month of living

question

Causes of CP

answer

oxygen shortage or brain trauma during delivery maternal infections poisoning

question

Types of CP

answer

Hypertonic - tense, contracted muscles Hypotonic- floppy Spastic: stiff, jerky movements affects 70-80% diagnosed Ataxic: poor balance and depth perception, tremors with voluntary movement Athetoid: large , irregular twisty motions

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