Quiz: Units 1 & 2 – Flashcards
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Classical Structure of Argument
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Introduction, presentation of writer's opinion, summary of opposing views, conclusion
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Message (Logos)
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Make argument consistent and logical; find best reasons and support them
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Writer or Speaker (Ethos)
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Present effectively; enhance credibility and trust
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Audience (Pathos)
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Appeal to reader's values and interests
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Issue Questions
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Splits readers to different sides
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Information Questions
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Provides information rather than a question
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Genuine Arguments
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Require reasonable participants and potentially shareable assumptions
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Pseudo-Arguments
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Disputants fanatically committed to positions; no possibility of growth or change
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Formal Logic
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Symbolic assertions that are universal and unchanging
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Real-World Logic
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Seldom proves anything; only can make a case
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Audience-Based Reasons
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Arguments effectively anchored in audience's believes/values
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Learning By Degrees
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Rebecca Mead; Graduates with certain degrees find jobs easier, college isn't always necessary
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What Do You Do With a B.A. in History?
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Ken Saxon; Ended up going back to school for business degree, started a business, sold it. College is about finding yourself, what you do with a degree is what matters
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Don't Use Passive Voice
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Use "The pitcher threw the ball" rather than "The ball was thrown by the pitcher"
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Thesis Statement
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Clean, concise, hooks reader
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The MOOC Movement and the End of Reform
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Aaron Bady; MOOCs are not of equal value as classrooms in education; mean to be fundamentally different from college class.
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A Plea for "Close Learning"
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Scott L. Newstok; Classes have personal, human element making them better than MOOCs through discussions, questions, solving together, interaction, etc.
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Ted Talks: MOOCs
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Anant Argarwal; MOOCs are good, they teach on a massive scale, have instant feedback, allow pausing and rewinding of lectures
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Averse
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Refers to a good thing
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Adverse
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Refers to a bad thing
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Conscious
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Awake or knocked out
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Conscience
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Having to do with morals
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Farther
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Refers to physical distance
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Further
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To a greater degree
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Comma Splice
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Two or more independent clauses joined together without a coordinating conjunction
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Art of Summarizing
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See argument from their perspective, don't tell too much or too little
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Lifeboat Ethics
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Garret Hardin; Each nation has a capacity in which it cannot exceed; nations need to support themselves
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Effective Quotations
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Include information, analysis, and summary
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One-Sided Argument
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Authors only presents their own side. Stir passions and emphasize benefits
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Multisided Argument
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Presents writers opinion, but also summarizes and responds to opposing view
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Dialogic Argument
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Writer is presented as uncertain/searching, and the audience is a partner in the dialogue. Writer is seeking common ground
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Principle of Charity
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Obliges you to avoid loaded, biased summaries that oversimplify or distrust opposing arguments
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Strategies for Rebuttals
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Deny truth of data, use counterexamples and counter-testimony, cast doubt on opposing view, question credibility, accuracy, and interpretation
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Rogerian Communication
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Introduction, summary of views, find common ground, propose own opinion, conclusion
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Three Ways to Respond
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Agree (with a difference), disagree, both
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Transitions
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Another example, furthermore, however, conversly
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Scarfing it Down
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Fatemeh Fakhraie; Discrimination against hijabs
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Veiled Voices
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Stephanie Paulsell; Different views of the hijab: symbolizing Muslim Brotherhood vs. religious identity
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Unauthorized Immigrant Arrivals Are on the Rise, and That's Good News
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Madeline Zavodney; Immigrants react to change better, are easier to hire, and may end up increasing wages
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Processing Undocumented Children
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Chip Bok; Agents are having to "babysit" the mass amount of illegal child immigrants
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DREAM On
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Mark Krikorian; DREAM Act is bad; too many loopholes, 15 is too old, fraud, rewards illegality
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Immigration: America's Advantage
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Lee Habeeb, Mike Leven; Population in big countries is decreasing, immigrants will increase US population
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Amnesty? Let Us Be Vigilant and Charitable
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John F. Kavanough; Some immigrants are coming for safety, others for financial reasons. Illegal immigration involves the nations, trade, employer who take advantage, consumers who benefit from lower costs, and corporations who profit
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Young, Alone, and in Court
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LA Times; 26,000 children try to cross annually, they face judge no representation. Kids in Need of Defense
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Border Crisis in Texas
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National Review Online; Illegal immigration rates are climbing, driven by violence and poverty in sending countries. Obama rarely deports anyone not a criminal
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Semicolon
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Connects two independent clauses; can be accompanied by conjunctive adverbs for complexity
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Fragments
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Often missing verb or subject
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Quotation Sandwich
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Introduce quote, flow quote into paragraph, analyze quote
