question

Among contemporary memory researchers, increasing numbers think that ______ rarely, if ever, occurs.

answer

repression

question

Which test of memory typically provides the fewest retrieval cues?

answer

recall

question

Which memory test would most effectively reveal that Mr. Quintano, at age 55, still remembers many of his high school classmates?

answer

recognition

question

The conscious repetition of information to maintain it in memory is called

answer

encoding meaning.

question

A retention of skills and dispositions without conscious recollection is known as ________ memory.

answer

implicit

question

Explicit memories of facts and personal experiences refer to ________ memories.

answer

consciously recalled

question

Chunking refers to

answer

the organization of information into meaningful units.

question

Cerebellum is to ________ memory as hippocampus is to ________ memory.

answer

implicit; explicit

question

The tendency to immediately recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items is known as the ________ effect.

answer

serial position

question

Which part of the brain plays a key role in forming and storing the implicit memories created by classical conditioning?

answer

cerebellum

question

Research on young children's false eyewitness recollections has indicated that

answer

it is surprisingly difficult for both children and professional interviewers to reliably separate the children's true memories from false memories.

question

Which type of memory has an essentially unlimited capacity?

answer

long-term memory

question

Passing an electric current through the brain during electroconvulsive therapy is most likely to disrupt ________ memory.

answer

short-term

question

The persistence of learning over time most clearly depends on

answer

memory.

question

Shortly after hearing a list of items, people tend to recall the last items in the list especially quickly and accurately. This best illustrates

answer

a recency effect.

question

Karl Lashley trained rats to solve a maze and then removed pieces of their cortexes. He observed that storage of their maze memories

answer

was not restricted to specific regions of the cortex.

question

Sabrina went to the store for furniture polish, carrots, pencils, ham, sponges, celery, notebook paper, and salami. She remembered to buy all these items by reminding herself that she needed food products that included meats and vegetables and that she needed nonfood products that included school supplies and cleaning aids. Sabrina made effective use of

answer

hierarchical organization.

question

Your consciously activated but limited-capacity memory is called ________ memory.

answer

short-term

question

The integration of new incoming information with knowledge retrieved from long-term memory involves the activity of

answer

working memory.

question

After his last drinking spree, Fakim hid a half-empty liquor bottle. He couldn't remember where he hid it until he started drinking again. Fakim's pattern of recall best illustrates

answer

state-dependent memory.

question

Our inability to remember information presented in the seconds just before we fall asleep is most likely due to

answer

encoding failure.

question

The process of getting information out of memory is called

answer

retrieval

question

The occasional memory failures of older adults to recall recently learned information can be best explained in terms of the greater difficulty older people have with

answer

retrieval

question

A mnemonic device is a

answer

memory aid.

question

Déjà vu refers to the

answer

eerie sense of having previously experienced a situation or event.

question

Joshua vividly recalls his feelings and what he was doing at the exact moment when he heard of his grandfather's unexpected death. This best illustrates

answer

flashbulb memory.

question

A type of motivated forgetting in which anxiety-arousing memories are blocked from conscious awareness is known as

answer

repression.

question

Using the mnemonic ROY G. BIV to remember the colors of the rainbow in the order of wavelength illustrates the use of

answer

an acronym.

question

A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli is called ________ memory.

answer

iconic

question

Some of the information in our ________ memory is encoded into ________ memory.

answer

iconic; short-term

question

People with vivid imaginations are more likely than others to experience a(n)

answer

false memory.

question

"The Magical Number Seven, plus or minus two" refers to the storage capacity of ________ memory.

answer

short-term

question

The hippocampus plays a critical role in ________ memory.

answer

explicit

question

Echoic memory refers to

answer

a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli.

question

The finding that people who sleep after learning a list of nonsense syllables forget less than people who stay awake provides evidence that forgetting may involve

answer

interference.

question

The ability to learn something without any conscious memory of having learned it suggests the need to distinguish between

answer

explicit memory and implicit memory.

question

Hearing the word "rabbit" may lead people to spell the spoken word "hair" as "h-a-r-e." This best illustrates the outcome of a process known as

answer

priming

question

The loss of memory is called

answer

AMNESIA

question

After reading a newspaper report suggesting that drunken driving might have contributed to a recent auto accident, several people who actually witnessed the accident began to remember the driver involved as traveling more recklessly than was actually the case. This provides an example of

answer

the misinformation effect

question

The process of encoding refers to

answer

getting information into memory.

question

Judy is embarrassed because she momentarily fails to remember a good friend's name. Judy's poor memory most likely results from a failure in

answer

retrieval.

question

Loftus and Palmer asked two groups of observers how fast two cars had been going in a filmed traffic accident. Observers who heard the vividly descriptive word "smashed" in relation to the accident later recalled

answer

broken glass at the scene of the accident.

question

You are most likely to automatically encode information about

answer

the sequence of your day's events.

question

The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of previously learned information is called

answer

retroactive interference.

question

Ebbinghaus' use of nonsense syllables to study memory led to the discovery that

answer

the amount remembered depends on the time spent learning.

question

Memories are primed by

answer

retrieval cues.

question

Automatic processing occurs without

answer

conscious awareness.

question

Rabbits fail to learn a conditioned eyeblink response when the ______ is temporarily deactivated during the process of training.

answer

cerebellum

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