PSY 2012 Ch.1Focus Practice – Flashcards
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Formally defined, psychology is the scientific study of human ______ and mental processes.
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Behavior
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Psychologists study
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Behavior and mental processes.
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Critical thinking is a (n) ____ process involving engaging with ideas and not settling for simple answers.
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Active
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Gaining knowledge through observation, data collection, and logical reasoning are components of the
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Empirical method
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Positive psychology is a movement that emphasizes
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Human strengths
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Neuroscience is a(n) ____ approach to psychology.
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Biological
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Sigmund Freud theorized that
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Early relationships with parents shaped and individuals personality.
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When is a psychological perspective that uses concepts such as meditation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific even behaviors?
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Evolutionary approach
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The ______ approach examines the ways in which social and cultural factors influence behavior.
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Sociocultural Approach
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True or false:A psychiatrist typically has a doctoral degree in psychology, while a clinical psychologist is a physician with a medical degree specializes in abnormal behavior and psychotherapy.
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False
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True or false: behavioral neuroscience is a field of psychology that focuses on brain and biological processes.
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True
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A _____ psychologist would be interested in how people interact with one another.
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Social
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Which field of psychology examines attention, consciousness, information processing, and memory?
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Cognitive psychology
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Developmental psychologist focus on the _____ and _____ factors that contribute to human development.
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Biological; environmental
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Which field of psychology studies the relatively enduring qualities of individuals?
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Personality psychology
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The psychology of women and gender emphasizes the importance of which of the following?
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The social and cultural influences on women's development. The psychological influences on women's behavior.
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______ is the intricate process by which behavior changes to adapt to the different circumstances.
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Learning
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Which of the following are among the main concerns of industrial and organizational psychology?
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Personal matters. Human resource concerns.
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Both clinical and counseling psychologist specializing diagnosing and treating people with the psychological problems, but _____ psychologists are required to complete a year-long internship at a mental health facility.
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Clinical
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_____ psychology is a field of psychology that uses a multidimensional approach to wellness that emphasizes psychological factors, lifestyle, and the nature of the healthcare system.
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Health
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Which of the following would most likely work at a college or university and conduct research that focuses on teaching and learning?
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School and educational psychologist
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Which type of psychologist studies how the physical landscape and layout affect all aspects of human behavior and thought?
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Environmental
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_______ psychology is the field that applies psychological concepts of legal system.
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Forensic
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Which of the following professionals might employ the expertise of a sports psychologist?
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An elite athlete
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Cross-cultural psychology is the study of a culture's role in understanding which of the following?
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Thought Behavior Emotion
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Many ______ psychologists focus on the way that the mind interprets incoming information, evaluates it, stores it, and applies it to decision making.
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Cognitive
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Identify the two key early proponents of the behavioral approach.
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John B. Watson B.F. Skinner
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_______ is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
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Psychology
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Which of the following categories are considered perspectives or approaches to psychology? (Select all that apply)
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Biological Behavioral Psychodynamic Humanistic Cognitive Evolutionary Sociocultural
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Which of the following statements are true regarding controversies in the field of psychology?
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Psychology fosters controversies Controversies help psychologists by allowing them to examine evidence on all sides.
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Contemporary behaviorist do NOT emphasize which of the following?
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Sexual drives
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True or false: Humanistic psychologists theorize that people are driven by unconscious impulses and external rewards.
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False
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The ______ approach focuses on an Organism's observable behavior as opposed to thoughts or feelings.
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Behavioral
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Practitioners of the psychodynamic approach believe that ______ impulses buried deep within the unconscious mind influence the way people think, feel, and behave.
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Sexual and aggressive
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The technique that Freud developed is called
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Psychoanalysis
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Psychologists who focus on the brain and nervous system are adhering to the _______ approach.
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Biological
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Select all the behaviors that can NOT be directly observed.
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Feelings Motives Thoughts
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Positive psychology is concerned with such topics as
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Forgiveness Resilience
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Allergist who are primarily therapist use therapeutic tools that have been proven as affected by empirical research. This means that they engage in _______ ________ _______.
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Evidence-based practice
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A cognitive psychologists might study how the brain solves problems by considering a mental process such as
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Imagination Memory
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Psychology seeks to understand
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Peoples worst experience Peoples best experience
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Jonathan is a psychologists working with rats to identify the physical processes that fuel mental processes. He is probably a
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Physiological psychologist
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A psychologists is interested in studying the role of stress and coping in people's lives. The psychologist is probably a
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Health psychologist
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Psychologists who attempt to connect our decision making processes to those of other animals and early humans practice the ______ approach.
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Evolutionary
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Health psychologists believe that the _______ can work to influence the _______ by providing motivation to engage in healthy behaviors.
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Mind;body
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A psychologist is conducting a survey of citizens to ascertain their knowledge of local mental health resources. This is an example of how _______ psychologists study people.
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Community
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Alan is studying heart rate variability in response to anxiety. He is using a (n) _____ approach to study a psychological phenomenon
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Biological
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A psychologists is using the _______ approach to study how a child will act under conditions of reward or punishment.
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Behavioral
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Sarah studies how reward affect behavior. She is studying
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Motivation and emotion
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Juan is a psychologist studying how changes in ambient lighting affect people's performance on a vision test. Juan studies
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Sensation and perception
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A social psychologist might study how people
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Behave differently depending on if they are alone or around other people.
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Critical thinking helps us to do all of the following except
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Criticize the behavior of others.
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Melanie is working to help mentally ill individuals connect with local resources. She wants to help her client establish housing, employment, and therapy. Melanie is probably a(n)
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Community psychologist
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What approach studies how a person's behavior may be affected by the area in which the behavior occurs?
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Sociocultural
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Maria has just recovered from three days of a miserable cold. Now problems that seemed insurmountable in the last few days appear to be manageable. This illustrates
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Mind-body connectedness
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Psychology is formally defined as the scientific study of
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behavior and mental processes
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_________-___________ psychologists are interested to know whether psychological phenomenon are universal or culture specific.
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cross-cultural
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Biological processes such as the role the brain has in behavior, is the focus of the field of behavioral
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Neuroscience
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The _______ Psychology movement emphasizes human strengths optimal traits and qualities that reflect the best of humanity.
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Positive
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Which field of psychology is interested in life span growth and changes?
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Developmental Psychology
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______ and educational psychologists work in the elementary and secondary academic systems where they test children and make recommendations about educational placement.
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school
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Disagreements over theories and findings in psychology have ______ the field of psychology.
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helped advance
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Which psychological.....
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psychodynamic approach
