PSY 110 CH 5 – Flashcards
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Research suggests that once people learn something
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It's always present somewhere in memory.
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Which of the following examples of change demonstrates learning?
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Anna slows down her car after seeing a police officer on the side of the road.
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While in the store with her little sister, Amber decided to stop to take a look at some jewelry. As soon as she turned her head, her sister disappeared. Though it only took minutes to find her sister, Amber's fear if losing her little sister again cause her to keep a very close eye on her from that moment on. Amber's change in behavior demonstrates which of the following?
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Learning
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Which of the following describes change that is due to biology and not experience?
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Maturation
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An unlearned, voluntary response, such as salivating when presented with food, is
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A reflex.
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A stimulus that has no effect on the desired response is a(n)
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Neutral stimulus.
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Four year old Joshua reacts with anxiety to the sound of thunder. A chair slides across the wooden floor, making a sound similar to thunder. Joshua reacts with some slight anxiety. This is an example of
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Stimulus generalization.
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When Pavlov stopped giving the dogs food after the real CS (conditioned stimulus), they stopped salivating to the sound of the ticking. This is called
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Extinction
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In John Watson's experiment with "Little Albert", he demonstrated that
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Human emotional responses could be conditioned.
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When children witness other children cry when getting a vaccination, and the witnesses then cry before the needle even touches them, this is an example of
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Vicarious conditioning.
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Shortly after eating a piece of his great aunt's famous coconut cake, which he'd had many times, Amad became nauseated. Now, whenever his great aunt offers him a piece of cake, Amad quickly declines. Which of the following concepts best explains Amad's change in behavior?
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Conditioned taste aversion
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The heat of operant conditioning is the effect of ________________ on behavior.
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Consequences
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Layla's new puppy keeps chewing the bottoms of her favorite curtains. Now, whenever Layla sees the puppy begin chewing, she turns on a device that makes a continuous loud, annoying sound. She will not turn it off until the puppy stops chewing. Layla is using which technique to change the puppy's behavior?
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Negative reinforcement
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Marco's mom gives him a treat every night after dinner when he picks up his plate and places it in the dishwasher. Marco's mom uses
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Continuous reinforcement.
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Anna's mother scolds her for lying. Anna's mother is using
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Punishment by application.
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A police car is a ______________ for slowing down.
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Discriminative stimulus
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Animals' tendency to revert to genetically controlled patterns is called
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Instinctive drift.
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A modern term for a form of behavior modification that uses shaping techniques to mold a desired behavior or response is
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Applied behavior analysis.
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Bandura conducted some of his research to study
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Possible links between children's exposure to violence on television and aggressive behavior toward others.
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Bandura found that consequences
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Do matter in motivating a person to imitate a model.
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A five year old watches his father dunk a basketball. Since the child is unable to reach the basket in the way his father can, the child cannot learn this behavior by observing because he cannot accomplish the element of
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Imitation
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Noah is a junior in college and has always been an average student. This semester, he has a political science class for which he feels very passionate, and he sees himself pursuing a career in politics. For the first time, he wants to do well so that he can get an "A". This is an example of which element of observational learning?
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Desire
