question

Bones are composed of a type of connective tissue called:

answer

Osseous Tissue

question

Bones cells are called:

answer

Osteocytes

question

The bones of a fetus are composed mainly of:

answer

Cartilage

question

Immature bone cells called ________ produce bony tissue:

answer

Osteoblasts

question

Large bone cells called ________ digest bone tissue to shape the bone and smooth it out.

answer

Osteoclasts

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Mineral substances needed for bone development are ________ and ________.

answer

Calcium and Phosphorus

question

Round small bone covering the knee joint is a/an ________ bone.

answer

Sesamoid

question

Shaft of a long bone is the ________.

answer

Diaphysis

question

Ends of a long bone are the ________.

answer

Epiphyses

question

Cartilaginous area at the end of a long bone where growth takes place is the ________.

answer

Epiphyseal plate.

question

Red bone marrow is found in spongy or ________ bone.

answer

Cancellous or trabecular.

question

Yellow bone marrow is composed of ________ tissue.

answer

Fat

question

The strong membrane surrounding the surface of a bone is the ________.

answer

Periosteum

question

Hard, dense bone tissue lying under the periosteum is ________.

answer

Compact bone

question

A series of canals containing blood vessels lie within the outer dense tissue of bone and are called the ________ canals.

answer

Haversian

question

A thin layer of cartilage covering the ends of bones at the joints is ________.

answer

Articular cartilage

question

The ________ is a central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of long bones.

answer

Medullary Cavity.

question

Two physicians who treat bones and bone diseases are a/an ________ and a/an ________

answer

Orthopedist and Osteopath

question

A practitioner who manipulates the patient's spinal column to relieve pressure on nerves is a/an:

answer

Chiropractor

question

Medical doctor who specializes in restoring patients to functional activity after injuries to bones, nerves, and muscles is a/an:

answer

Physiatrist

question

Forms the roof and upper side parts of the skull:

answer

Parietal bone

question

Delicate bone, composed of spongy, cancellous tissue; supports the nasal cavity and orbits of the eye:

answer

Ethmoid bone

question

Forms the back and base of the skull:

answer

Occipital bone

question

Forms the forehead:

answer

Frontal bone

question

Bat-shaped bone extending behind the eyes to form the base of the skull:

answer

Sphenoid bone

question

Bone near the ear and connecting to the lower jaw:

answer

Temporal bone

question

Cheekbone:

answer

Zygomatic bone.

question

Bone that supports the bridge of the nose:

answer

Nasal bone

question

Thin, flat bone forming the lower portion of the nasal septum:

answer

Vomer

question

Lower jawbone:

answer

Mandible

question

Upper jawbone:

answer

Maxilla

question

Two paired bones, one located at the corner of each eye:

answer

Lacrimal Bone

question

Space through which the spinal cord passes:

answer

Neural cancal

question

Piece of cartilage between two vertebrae:

answer

Intevertebral disk

question

Posterior part of a vertebra:

answer

Vertebral arch

question

Anterior part of a vertebra:

answer

Vertebral body

question

Five divisions of the spinal column:

answer

Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coccygeal

question

Shoulder blade:

answer

Scapula

question

Upper arm bone:

answer

Humerus

question

Breastbone:

answer

Sternum

question

Thigh bone:

answer

Femur

question

Finger bones:

answer

Phalanges

question

Hand bones:

answer

Metacarpals

question

Forearm bone (little finger side):

answer

Ulna

question

Forearm bone (thumb side):

answer

Radius

question

Collar bone:

answer

Clavicle

question

Wrist bones:

answer

Carpals

question

Backbone:

answer

Vertebral Column

question

Knee Cap:

answer

Patella

question

Shin bone (larger of two lower leg bones):

answer

Tibia

question

Smaller of two lower leg bones:

answer

Fibula

question

Three parts of the pelvis ________, ________, and ________.

answer

Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis

question

Midfoot bones:

answer

Metatarsals

question

Osteoporosis:

answer

Increased porosity in bone; decrease in bone density.

question

Osteomyelitis:

answer

Inflammation of bone & bone marrow

question

Osteogenic sarcoma:

answer

Cancerous tumor of bone; osteoblasts multiply at end of long bones.

question

Crepitus:

answer

Crackling sensation of broken bones moving against each other.

question

Osteomalacia:

answer

Softening of bones.

question

Abscess:

answer

Collection of pus.

question

Osteopenia:

answer

Deficiency of bone, precursor of osteoporosis

question

Ewing sarcoma:

answer

Malignant tumor of bone in children, often involving the entire shaft of a long bone.

question

Metastatic bone lesion:

answer

Malignant tumor that has spread to bone from the breast, lung, kidney, or prostate gland.

question

Compound fracture:

answer

Break in bone with wound in skin.

question

Simple fracture:

answer

Break in bone without wound in skin.

question

Open reduction:

answer

Bone is put in proper place after incision of the skin.

question

Immovable joint, as in the skull bones, is called a:

answer

Suture joint

question

Connective tissue that binds muscles to bones is a/an:

answer

Tendon

question

Another term for a joint is a/an:

answer

Articulation

question

Connective tissue that bines bones to other bones is a/an:

answer

Ligament

question

Fluid found in a joint is called:

answer

Synovial Fluid

question

The membrane that lines the joint cavity is the:

answer

Synovial membrane

question

Sac of fluid near a joint is a/an:

answer

Bursa

question

Smooth cartilage that covers the surface of bones at joints is:

answer

Articular cartilage

question

Surgical repair of a joint is called:

answer

Arthoplasty

question

Inflammation surrounding a joint is known as:

answer

Periarthritis

question

Inflammation of a tendon:

answer

Tendonitis

question

Tumor (benign) of cartilage:

answer

Chondroma

question

Tumor (malignant) of cartilage:

answer

Chondrosarcoma

question

Incision of a joint:

answer

Arthotomy

question

Softening of cartilage:

answer

Chondromalacia

question

Abnormal condition of blood in the joint:

answer

Hemarthosis

question

Inflammation of a sac or fluid near the joint:

answer

Bursitis

question

Doctor who specializes in treatment of joint disorders:

answer

Rheumatologist

question

Abnormal condition of a stiffened, immobile joint:

answer

Ankylosis

question

Suture of a tendon:

answer

Tenorrhaphy

question

Inherited condition in which the bones of the arms and legs fail to grow normally because of a defect in cartilage and bone formation; type of dwarfism:

answer

Achondroplasia

question

Degenerative joint disease, chronic inflammation of bones and joints:

answer

Osteoarthritis

question

Inflammation of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body (hyperuricemia):

answer

Gouty arthritis

question

Chronic joint disease; inflamed and painful joints owing to autoimmune reaction against normal joint tissue, and synovial membranes become swollen and thickened:

answer

Rheumatoid arthritis

question

Tick-borne bacterium causes this condition marked by arthritis, myalgia, malaise, and neurologic and cardiac symptoms:

answer

Lyme disease

question

Abnormal swelling of a metatarsophalangeal joint:

answer

Bunion

question

Cystic mass arising from a tendon in the wrist:

answer

Ganglion cyst

question

Chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, especially of the spine (vertebrae):

answer

Ankylosing spondylitis

question

Chronic inflammatory disease affecting not only the joints but also the skin (butterfly rash on the face), kidneys, heart, and lungs:

answer

Systemic lupus erythematosus

question

Inflammation of a tendon sheath:

answer

Tenosynovitis

question

Compression of the median nerve in the wrist as it passes through an area between a ligament tendons, bones, and connective tissue:

answer

Carpal tunnel syndrome.

question

Displacement of a bone from its joint:

answer

Dislocation

question

Subluxation:

answer

Partial or incomplete displacement of a bone from the joint

question

Arthrodesis:

answer

Surgical fixation of a joint (binding together by fusing joint surfaces)

question

Pyrexia:

answer

Fever; increase in body temperature

question

Podagra:

answer

Pain in a big toe from gouty arthritis

question

Sciatica:

answer

Pain radiating from the back of the leg (along the sciatic nerve); most commonly caused by a protruding disk.

question

Herniation of an intervertebral disk:

answer

Protrusion of a disk into the neural canal or spinal nerve.

question

Laminectomy:

answer

Removal of a portion of the vertebral arch (lamina) to remove pressure from a protruding disk.

question

Sprain:

answer

Trauma to a joint with pain, swelling, injury to ligaments

question

Strain:

answer

Overstretching of a muscle.

question

Hyperuricemia:

answer

High levels of uric acid in the bloodstream; present in gouty arthritis.

question

Fasciotomy:

answer

Incision of fascia.

question

Fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles:

answer

Fascia

question

Movement away from the midline of the body:

answer

Abduction

question

Connection of the muscle to a stationary bone:

answer

Origin of the muscle

question

Connection of the muscle to a bone that moves:

answer

Insertion of the muscle

question

Muscle that is connected to internal organs; involuntary muscle:

answer

Visceral muscle

question

Muscle that is connected to bones; voluntary muscle:

answer

Skeletal muscle

question

Pain of many muscles:

answer

Polymyalgia

question

Pertaining to heart muscle:

answer

Myocardial

question

Process of recording electricity within muscles:

answer

Electromyography

question

Increase in development (size) of an organ or tissue:

answer

Hypertrophy

question

Extension:

answer

Straightening out a limb or joint

question

Rotation:

answer

Circular movement around an axis

question

Flexion

answer

Bending a limb

question

Adduction:

answer

Movement toward the midline

question

Supination:

answer

Turning the palm up

question

Abduction:

answer

Movement away from the midline

question

Pronation:

answer

Turning the palm down

question

Dorsiflexion:

answer

Backward (upward) bending of the foot

question

Plantar Flexion:

answer

Bending the sole of the foot downward.

question

Leiomyosarcoma:

answer

Malignant tumor of smooth (involuntary, visceral) muscle

question

Rhabomyoma:

answer

Benign tumor of striated (voluntary, skeletal) muscle

question

Polymyositis:

answer

Inflammation of many muscles

question

Fibromyalgia:

answer

Pain of muscle and fibrous tissue (especially of the back_; also called fibrositis or rheumatism

question

Muscular dystrophy:

answer

Group of inherited muscular diseases marked by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle without nerve involvement.

question

Myasthenia gravis:

answer

Loss of strength of muscles because of a defect at the connection between nerve & muscle cells.

question

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:

answer

(Lou Gehrig Disease) Muscles degenerate owing to degeneration in spinal cord and lower region of the brain

question

Sarcopenia:

answer

Deficiency of flesh (muscle mass)

question

Antinuclear antibody test:

answer

Test tells if patient has systemic lupus erythematosus.

question

Serum creatine kinase:

answer

Elevated blood levels of this enzyme are found in muscular disorders

question

Uric Acid Test:

answer

Test tells if patient has gouty arthritis

question

Rheumatoid factor test:

answer

Test for presence of an antibody found in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

question

Bone Scan:

answer

Radioactive substance is injected and traced in dense, hard connective tissue.

question

Muscle biopsy:

answer

Removal of soft connective tissue for microscopic examination.

question

Arthoscopy:

answer

Visual examination of a joint.

question

Acetylcholine:

answer

Chemical found in myonerual space.

question

Calcium:

answer

Substance necessary for proper bone development.

question

Arhrography:

answer

Process of taking x-ray pictures of a joint.

question

ROM

answer

Range of Motion Measurement in degrees of a circle asses the extent a joint can be flexed or extended.

question

NSAID

answer

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Disease Drug used to treat joint diseases.

question

TMJ

answer

Temporomondibular Joint Connection between the lower jawbone and a bone of the skull.

question

EMG

answer

Electromyography Test of strength of electrical transmission within muscle

question

ACL

answer

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Band of fibrous tissue connecting bones in the knee

question

SLE

answer

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus This autoimmune disease affects joints, skin, and other body tissues.

question

C1 to C5

answer

First cervical vertebra Bones of the spinal column in the neck region

question

T1 to T12

answer

First thoracic to twelfth thoracic vertebra. Bones of the spinal column in the chest region

question

THR

answer

Total Hip Replacement Arthroplasty

question

ORIF

answer

Open Reduction, Internal Fixation. Procedure to repair compound fracture.

Medical Terminology – Chapter 15 Exercises – Flashcards

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