Intro to Psychology Chapter7 – Flashcards
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The persistence of learning over time most clearly depends on a) the serial position effect. b) proactive interference. c) massed practice. d) memory.
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d) memory.
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The process of encoding refers to a) the persistence of learning over time. b) the recall of information previously learned. c) getting information into memory. d) a clear memory of an emotionally significant event.
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c) getting information into memory.
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The process of getting information out of memory is called a) encoding. b) relearning. c) retrieval. d) rehearsal.
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c) retrieval.
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The original Atkinson-Schiffrin three-stage information-processing model introduced distinctions among a) recall, recognition, and relearning. b) proactive interference, retroactive interference, and repression. c) sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. d) the serial position effect, the spacing effect, and the testing effect.
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c) sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
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Shelly was able to remember the names of three new class members for only a minute or two after they had been introduced to her. The new class members' names were briefly stored in her ________ memory. a) flashbulb b) implicit c) short-term d) iconic
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c) short-term
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The term working memory represents psychologists' newer understanding of a) long-term memory. b) flashbulb memory. c) short-term memory. d) sensory memory.
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c) short-term memory.
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Explicit memory is also known as a) echoic memory. b) context-dependent memory. c) declarative memory. d) mood-congruent memory.
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c) declarative memory.
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Consciously repeating the name of a new classmate you want to remember illustrates a) implicit memory. b) the peg-word system. c) effortful processing. d) the serial position effect.
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c) effortful processing.
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Information about where, when, and how often you ate a meal in the last couple of days is likely to be a) a flashbulb memory. b) an iconic memory. c) automatically processed. d) a repressed and recovered memory.
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c) automatically processed.
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A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli is called ________ memory. a) echoic b) short-term c) iconic d) flashbulb
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c) iconic
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George Miller proposed that about seven information bits constitutes the capacity of ________ memory. a) short-term b) explicit c) flashbulb d) implicit
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a) short-term
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Chunking refers to a) getting information into memory through the use of visual imagery. b) the organization of information into meaningful units. c) the unconscious encoding of incidental information. d) the tendency to recall best the first item in a list.
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b) the organization of information into meaningful units.
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A mnemonic is a a) sensory memory. b) test or measure of memory. c) long-term memory. d) memory aid.
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d) memory aid.
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Students who study throughout the term and then restudy course material at the end of a semester to pass a comprehensive final are especially likely to demonstrate long-term retention of the course material. This best illustrates a) implicit memory. b) the serial position effect. c) chunking. d) the spacing effect.
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d) the spacing effect.
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To remember the information presented in her psychology textbook, Susan often relates it to her own life experiences. Susan's strategy is an effective memory aid because it facilitates a) iconic memory. b) meaningful encoding. c) proactive interference. d) the serial position effect.
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b) meaningful encoding.
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Which neural center in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage? a) hypothalamus b) basal ganglia c) cerebellum d) hippocampus
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d) hippocampus
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A good night's sleep is most likely to improve exam grades by supporting the process of a) priming. b) source amnesia. c) memory consolidation. d) mood-congruent memory.
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c) memory consolidation.
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Which part of the brain plays a key role in forming and storing the implicit memories created by classical conditioning? a) hippocampus b) cerebellum c) hypothalamus d) amygdala
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b) cerebellum
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A lack of conscious memories of your first three years of life best illustrates a) déjà vu. b) repressed memory. c) infantile amnesia. d) the serial position effect.
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c) infantile amnesia.
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Stress hormones promote stronger memories by a) decreasing the availability of serotonin. b) increasing the availability of glucose. c) decreasing the availability of epinephrine. d) increasing the availability of dopamine.
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b) increasing the availability of glucose.
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Joshua vividly recalls his feelings and what he was doing at the exact moment when he heard of his grandfather's unexpected death. This best illustrates ________ memory. a) sensory b) implicit c) flashbulb d) echoic
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c) flashbulb
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The increase in synaptic firing potential that contributes to memory formation is known as a) chunking. b) automatic processing. c) long-term potentiation. d) the spacing effect.
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c) long-term potentiation.
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Which measure of memory is used on a test that requires matching glossary terms with their correct definitions? a) recognition b) relearning c) rehearsal d) recall
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a) recognition
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Which measure of memory retention assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again? a) recognition b) retrieval c) relearning d) recall
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c) relearning
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Hearing the word rabbit may lead people to spell the spoken word hair as "h-a-r-e." This best illustrates the outcome of a process called a) chunking. b) retroactive interference. c) repression. d) priming.
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d) priming.
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After his last drinking spree, Fakim hid a half-empty liquor bottle. He couldn't remember where he hid it until he started drinking again. Fakim's pattern of recall best illustrates a) the spacing effect. b) proactive interference. c) the serial position effect. d) state-dependent memory.
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d) state-dependent memory.
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The recall of sad experiences is often primed by feelings of sadness. This most clearly illustrates a) the serial position effect. b) retroactive interference. c) the misinformation effect. d) mood-congruent memory.
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d) mood-congruent memory.
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Our inability to remember information presented in the seconds just before we fall asleep is most likely due to a) motivated forgetting. b) the misinformation effect. c) retroactive interference. d) encoding failure.
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d) encoding failure.
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A loss of an encoded memory as a result of a gradual fading of the physical memory trace best illustrates a) repression. b) interference. c) storage decay. d) the misinformation effect.
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c) storage decay.
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After learning the combination for his new locker at school, Milton is unable to remember the combination for his year-old bicycle lock. Milton is experiencing the effects of a) source amnesia. b) retroactive interference. c) proactive interference. d) automatic processing.
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b) retroactive interference.
