Human Development Chapter 4 and 5 – Flashcards
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A healthy newborn can receive a maximum score of ____ on the Apgar scale.
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10
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Cells that support and protect the neurons are called
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glial cells
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Binocular vision, the ability to focus both eyes on the same object at the same time, usually does not develop until _____ months of age.
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4/5
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Natural or prepared childbirth can minimize the for
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painkilling drugs
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Which of the following statements about the first few days of life is NOT true?
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Newborns tend to have dark complexions.
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According to the text, why are babies' heads so large in proportion to their body size?
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The baby's brain and head are more developed than other parts of the body.
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The nervous system's communication links are called
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synapses
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If an infant inherits the gene for PKU and it is left untreated, the result will be
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mental retardation
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Katrina is in labor. She is being attended by an experienced helper who offers emotional support. This person is a
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doula
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Christi craved chocolate ice cream during her pregnancy. The flavor of the ice cream is transmitted to her fetus through
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amniotic fluid
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Most children speak in two-word sentences by about what age?
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24 months
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Which approach looks at the quality of cognitive functioning at different stages of life?
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Piagetian
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An important predictor of a baby's language comprehension is the mother's _____________.
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verbal sensitivity
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A child hits a drum with different kinds of objects in order to make different sounds. According to Piaget, this child is exhibiting
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a tertiary circular reaction
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Which cognitive characteristic in infants seems to be generally associated with high intelligence in middle childhood?
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Rapid processing of perceptual information
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Piaget called organized patterns of behavior
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schemes
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Nativists would cite all of the following evidence to support their view EXCEPT
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children vary widely in grammatical skills and fluency
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Characteristics of early speech include all the following EXCEPT
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use of motherese
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Erica, who is 10 months old, is trying to solve the problem of obtaining a toy on a high shelf. According to Piaget, if she has reached the fourth substage of the sensorimotor stage, which of the following is most likely to occur?
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She will attempt a strategy that was successful in obtaining a book on a high shelf in the past.
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When Martin and his dad sit down to read at the end of the day, Martin's day encourages him to think deeply about the story, and to make predictions and inferences. Martin's dad uses the _________ style.
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comprehender
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Feeding a baby is a(n) ____ act as well as a physical act.
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emotional
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The technical term for the growth of the brain that results from experience is
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plasticity
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Alex is now in her 43rd week of pregnancy. Her unborn baby is considered to be
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postmature
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An average 4-month old has acquired which of the following skills?
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Rolling over
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Katina is in labor. She is being attended by a experienced helper who offers emotional support. This person is
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doula
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Which brain region shows the most rapid growth during the first year of life?
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Cerebellum
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If an infant inherits the gene for PKU and it is left untreated, the result will be
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mental retardation
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Which childbirth technique substitutes voluntary or learned physical responses for the fear and pain?
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Prepared
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Prepared childbirth teaches breathing and muscle responses in order to
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minimize fear and pain
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Rachel hears her father say "ouch!" when he accidentally hits his hand with a hammer. For the next several hours, Rachel deliberately tries to imitate the sound of the word ouch. According to the text, approximately how old is Rachel?
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At least 9 to 10 months
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Classically conditioned learning will fade or become extinct if it is not
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reinforced
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When a child learns to behave in a specific way in order to obtain a specific result, what is occurring?
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Operant conditioning
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The basic sounds of an infant's native language are called
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phonemes
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Steven is 8 months old and has begun to produce repetitive strings of vowel and consonant sounds such as "pa-pa-pa-pa." According to the text, this stage of prespeech language development is called
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babbling
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The activity of stringing together meaningless motions and repeating them over and over, a process performed by deaf children, is called
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hand babbling
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Lenny searches for a toy that he saw his mother hide, first behind her back and then under a pillow. Lenny has acquired
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object permanence
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A baby who says "da-da-da-da" is
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babbling
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The use of parentese, or child-directed speech, includes which of the following?
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Use of short words and simple sentences
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Michelle is shown a new mobile, and the amount of time she spends studying it is measured. This is a technique of which approach to intellectual development?
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information processing
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Most infants can grasp a rattle by the age of
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4 months
