HDFS: Chapter 5 Summative Quiz – Flashcards
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An example of a gross motor skill is:
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skipping
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According to Piaget, early childhood is a time when:
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cognition is embedded in a social context?
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Which of the following is controlled by the left half of the brain?
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logical reasoning
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The prefrontal cortex is involved in:
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planning and goal-directed behavior.
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Which characteristic of preoperational thought involves a child assuming that the world is unchanging, always in the state in which the child currently encounters it?
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static reasoning
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Which Piagetian term literally means "self-centered"?
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egocentrism
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A young child who states that "butter is made by butterflies" and "birds grow birdseed" is trying to use:
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logic
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At what age does the typical child ride a bicycle or write simple words?
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six
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An example of a fine motor skill is:
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drawing
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The goal of teacher-directed early-education programs is to:
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make all children "ready to learn."
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What does the developmental term "perseveration" refer to?
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the tendency to stick to one thought or action
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According to cognitive theory, when children ask "why" questions, the questions typically revolve around:
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human behavior.
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Which of the following statements about left-handedness is TRUE?
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Although a genetic preference, left-handedness can be modified by experience.
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According to Piaget, which of the following is one of the characteristics that limit a preoperational child's thinking?
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centration
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Child-centered programs stress children's development and growth through:
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play
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The term for the time when language learning is most easily and readily accomplished is:
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a sensitive period.
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According to the text, which of the following has been found to make pools safer for young children?
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fences surrounding the pool
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Environmental hazards such as pollution interfere with the development of ______________.
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motor skills
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Janet believes that her brother Rubin would turn into a girl if he were to put on a dress. In this way, she is demonstrating:
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focus on appearance.
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Laws limiting the number of baby aspirins per container are an example of ___________ prevention.
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primary
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Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention of child maltreatment?
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home visits by a social worker
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The specialization of certain functions by each side of the brain is called:
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lateralization
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Overregularization demonstrates a child's understanding of:
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grammar
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The process by which axons become coated with a fatty substance that speeds the transmission of nerve impulses from neuron to neuron is:
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myelination
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The major nutritional deficit in early childhood in developed countries is insufficient:
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iron, zinc, and calcium
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A three-year-old who gives his mother a toy car for HER birthday and expects that she will love it is demonstrating:
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egocentrism
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Four-year-old Kanaan's mother makes him a ham and cheese sandwich for lunch. Kanaan refuses to eat the sandwich, stating that he does "not like cheese." When Kanaan's mother removes the cheese from the sandwich, he still refuses to eat and again states that he does "not like cheese." This is an example of:
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irreversibility
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Teacher-directed programs emphasize:
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preparation for school.
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Which characteristic of preoperational thought involves a child thinking that nothing can be undone?
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irreversibility
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Which of the following has been shown to influence at what point a child exhibits theory of mind?
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age and siblings
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Instead of saying "feet," four-year-old Jasper says "foots." This error is best described as an example of:
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overregularization
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According to theory-theory,:
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children want explanations of various things
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The two-year-old brain weighs ________ percent of what it will weigh in adulthood.
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75
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Which of the following affects more than one-third of children in the United States and is caused by too much soda and punch?
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tooth decay
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Four-year-old Julie grasps that Jerome is her father but cannot grasp that Jerome is also her grandmother's son. In this way, she is demonstrating:
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centration
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Which area is said to be the "executive" area of the brain?
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prefrontal cortex
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The ___________ produces hormones that activate other parts of the brain and body.
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hypothalamus
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Vygotsky's term for the skills that a person can experience only with assistance and not yet independently is:
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zone of proximal development.
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Montessori schools emphasize:
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individual pride and accomplishment.
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Flashing lights on stopped school buses are an example of ___________ prevention.
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secondary
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The understanding that other people can have thoughts and ideas unlike one's own describes:
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theory of mind.
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Which of the following is part of the limbic system?
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amygdala
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The most common cause of death in childhood is:
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accidents
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A typical six-year-old:
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All of these answers are correct. (looks lean, not chubby, weighs between 40 and 50 pounds, is at least three and one-half feet tall.)
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An example of scaffolding is:
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joint reading with a child—explaining, pointing, listening.
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In the United States, the most widespread early-childhood education program is:
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Head Start.
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The brain structure that helps the child remember that the elevator ride was either scary or fun is the:
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hippocampus
