H and S Test 3 Friends – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
The Animal Mind, the first textbook on comparative psychology, was written by
answer
Margaret Washburn
question
Pfungst demonstrated that the apparent thinking ability of the horse Clever Hans was really due to the animal's ability to respond to
answer
Head movements
question
For Watson, such subject matter as mind, consciousness, and images was
answer
meaningless for a science of behavior.
question
The puzzle box is traditionally associated with the work of
answer
Thorndike
question
Which of the following terms should be banned from psychology according to behaviorism
answer
All of the above (image, mind, consciousness)
question
An approach to learning termed ____ was developed by Thorndike
answer
Connectionism
question
Bekhterev applied
answer
Pavlovian principles to the muscles.
question
For Pavlov, humans and animals were
answer
Humans were machines
question
Bekhterev
answer
Argued that thought processes depended upon muscle responses of the speech
question
In the typical conditioning experiment done by Pavlov, the food placed in the dog's mouth is called the
answer
Unconditioned stimulus
question
What led Pavlov to shift from a study of theology to that of animal psychology
answer
Darwin's theory
question
For Comte, valid knowledge is that which is
answer
objectively observable and social in nature.
question
One part of the cerebral cortex is essentially equal to another in its contribution to learning; this is ____ principle of ____.
answer
Lashley's; equipotentiality
question
Watson proposed that society as a whole could be improved by
answer
Replacing religion-based ethics (with experimental ethics)
question
Watson argued that areas of applied psychology can be considered scientific because they
answer
Seek general laws for the prediction and control of behavior
question
Watson's position on child rearing was
answer
That of a strong environmentalist
question
Mary Cover Jones's study of Peter
answer
Was a forerunner of behavior therapy
question
Watson's second career was in
answer
Advertising
question
After his dismissal from Johns Hopkins, Watson
answer
Published for the American public through popular media
question
This man at John Hopkins University hired Watson and one year later was forced to resign because of a scandal.
answer
James Mark Baldwin
question
For Watson, the mentalistic term thinking could be
answer
All of the choices are correct (redefined as the behavior of subvocal talking; measured by its behavior correlates (gestures); observed in measures of movements of the vocal apparatus)
question
Watson argued that consumer behavior was
answer
Under the control of the fundamental or conditioned emotional stimuli
question
Watson adopted the conditioned reflex method of research established by
answer
Pavlov and Bekhterev
question
According to Watson, the three fundamental emotions displayed by infants were
answer
Fear, rage, and love
question
Skinner's research was unique among that of the major neobehaviorists in his
answer
All of the choices are correct (use of the single-subject design, relative lack of a theoretical framework, concern with describing rather than explaining behavior, and rejection of variables inside the organism)
question
A type of reinforcement identified by Bandura is
answer
Vicarious
question
This person claimed that his own life was "predetermined, lawful, and orderly" just as his system would predict.
answer
Skinner
question
Parents and employers must determine when and under what conditions children will be rewarded and employees will be paid. In both cases, they must select
answer
Schedules of reinforcement
question
For Hull, drive reduction is
answer
The sole basis for reinforcement
question
According to Tolman's learning theory, as a rat learns all of the sign-Gestalt relationships in a maze, the rat has acquired a
answer
Cognitive map
question
Edward C. Tolman's system combining the objective study of behavior with the consideration of goal-orientation in behavior is called
answer
Purposive behaviorism
question
To the end of his life, Skinner questioned whether psychology could be a science if it
answer
Was a science of the mind
question
The author of The Behavior of Organisms was
answer
Skinner
question
Hull intended to express the laws of behavior in the language of
answer
Mathematics
question
Thorndike and Hull agreed that, in order for learning to occur, the organism must
answer
Experience reinforcement occurring after a response
question
Animals tend to substitute instinctive behaviors for behaviors that have been reinforced. This tendency is called
answer
Instinctual drift
question
Tolman's concept of cognitive maps, i.e., that the animal learns the "whole," might be traced to his work
answer
With Koffka during graduate school
question
Which of the following men devoted 10 years to the experimental investigation of hypnotic suggestibility?
answer
Hull
question
In Hull's system, habit strength is
answer
The strength of the S-R connection
question
The use of positive reinforcement to control the behavior of individuals and groups is called
answer
Behavior modification
question
According to Lewin, life space
answer
corresponds to all the events that can influence a person's behavior.
question
Gestalt psychology started as a movement opposed to
answer
Wundt's approach.
question
The leaders of the ____ immediately supported the Nazi regime and proclaimed the "evil influence" of the Jews.
answer
German Psychological Society
question
Köhler argued that solving a problem requires
answer
A restructuring of the perceptual field
question
Pavlov ____.
answer
Replicated Kohler's work but found it to be "chaotic"
question
The Gestalt protest against Wundt's system focused on his
answer
Elementism
question
The thrust of Gestalt psychology's attack on behaviorism focused on the latter's
answer
Reductionism
question
Köhler's research on Tenerife
answer
Was analyzed based solely on his descriptions of incidents.
question
The basic premise of the Gestalt principles of perception is that perceptual organization is
answer
Innate
question
The Gestalt psychologists initially chose to focus on perception
answer
to challenge Wundtian psychology directly
question
Köhler argued that trial-and-error learning
answer
Was a consequence of not allowing the subject to see the whole situation
question
The importance of perceptual constancies in the Wundt versus Gestalt debate was that the experience supported
answer
The Gestalt position that "completeness" of an experience is not altered when the actual sensory components of the experience are altered
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New