question

A pictorial convention in which the most important figures are represented in a larger size than the others is called

answer

hieractic scale

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When an artist uses techniques to show the relation of objects as they appear to the eye and to convey a sense of three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface, this is called:

answer

perspectival drawing

question

Check all of the statements below that apply to Mesopotamia and its ancient cultures. A) Sumeria, the southern portion of Mesopotamia, is the site of 30 or 40 cities where culture developed. B) It is the land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. C) The Ziggurat at Ur is the most fully preserved and restored temple structure of ancient Mesopotamia.

answer

A, B, C

question

The above example of painted pottery from Susa was created from around to BCE; the largest animal depicted here is the , which was the most widely hunted game in the ancient Middle East and may have been a symbol of .

answer

5000 4000 Ibex plenty

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Identify the title , dates , and location for the above image:

answer

Venus of Willendorf 25000-20000 BCE Willendorf, Austria

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The title of the above image is ; It is believed to have been created in BCE; the writing on it is called

answer

Palette of Narmer 3000 hieroglyphic

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The Stele of Hammarabi includes a relief sculpture at the top that depicts Hammurabi being blessed by Shamash and 282 separate "articles" that...

answer

address issues of law.

question

The above image is the inner coffin of 's , found in (location) ca. BCE.

answer

Tutankamun sarcophagus Valley of the Kings 1335-1327 BCE

question

The practive of investing plants, animals, and natural phenonmena with human form or attributes is called

answer

anthropomorphism

question

The Paleolithic Era is characterized by all of the following

answer

The people create cave paintings and small stone sculptures They were essentially a culture of hunter-gatherers The cultures were small, scattered, and nomadic

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The title of this artifact is: it was found in: the date it was created is:

answer

Royal Standard of Ur Cemetery of Ur 2600 BCE

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The image of head with open mouth is called: it is believed to have been created: it shows its people's interst in: representations of facial features and head shape

answer

Head of Nok 500-200 BCE abstract geometrical

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While most of the religions of Mesopotamia were which means worshiping many gods, the Hebrew religion was meaning that they worshipped one God

answer

Polythistic Monotheistic

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Amenhotep IV changed his name to Tutankhamun and led the Egyptian into the worship of one god, Aten, and a new art, the Amarna Style

answer

False

question

Though the animals in the Lascaux cave paintings demonstrate a significant degree of naturalism, the human depictions are highly stylized and abstract

answer

True

question

Which statement best characterizes the function of the Venus of Willendorf and other statues like it from the Paleolithic Era in thier culture?

answer

The figures, with thier exaggerated breasts and bellies and thier clearly delineated genitals, suggest a connection to fertility and childbearing.

question

All of the following statements are correct in regard to the religion and law of the Hebrews

answer

1. Under Hebrew Law, class distinctions, with the exception of slaves, did not exist. 2. The Torah, the law of hte Hebrews, differed from the code of Hammurabi in that it was an ethical code, not just a list of punishments for offenses. 3. The basis of Hebrew Law was the Ten Commandments, given by God to Moses

question

Epic of Gilgamesh

answer

It is the first known work to confront the idea of death It is the oldest story ever recorded (1200 BCE) with the oldest known author, Sinleqquinninni It is an epic, which is a long, narrative poem in elevated language, that follows characters of a high position through a series of adventures, often including a visit to the underworld

question

Neolithic Era

answer

Transition to cultures based on agriculture led to the increased use of pottery vessels and the invetnion of the pottery wheel, the first mechanical and technological breakthrough in history. People moved from being hunter-gatherers to being farmers. The first structures designed to be permanent, Megaliths, were built during this era and represent the most basic form of architectural construction. Cultures were concentrated in the great river valleys of the Middle East and Asia because of th econsistent and predicable sources of water.

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When in the creation of an artifact-a cave painting, pottery vessel, or small statue - the artist attempts to create the creatures in a manner that mimics thier appearance in nature is called

answer

naturalism

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pictures, characters, or symbols standing for words, ideas, or sounds

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Hieroglyphs

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The Royal Standard of Ur consists of two panels entitled

answer

War & Peace

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The above image is the at it is the best preserved of the ancient temples it is believed to have been built

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Ziggurat UR Sumerian ca. 2100 BCE

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The subject of the above sculpture is it was created and its medium is

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Montuemhet 660 BCE granite

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Definition of Culture

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Encompasses the values and behaviors shared by a group or people, developed over time Culture manifests itself in the laws, customs, and ritual behavior common to the group Culture shows itself in artistic production common to the group

question

The above fresco, entitled was discovered at the palace complex Crete in

answer

Bull Leaping (Toreador Fresco) Knossos 1450-1375 BCE

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The painting on the Botkin Class Amphora embodies the concept of arete, the Greeks belief in a person's reaching his or her highest human potential

answer

True

question

The Greeks considered the following cultures to be thier ancestors

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Mycenae culture and Minoan culture

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Goddess of war, but also, through her association with Athens, of civilization

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Athena

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King of the gods, usually bearded and associated with the eagle and thunderbold

answer

Zeus

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God of the sun, light, truth, prophecy, music, and medicine

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Apollo

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God of war, and son of Zeus and Hera, usually armored

answer

Ares

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The above performance space is the which was built in the early It was renowned for its which made it possible for every viewer to see and hear the performance equally

answer

Theatre at Epidaurus 3rd centure BCE democratic design

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The Kore, the young boy counterpart of the adult kouros, was considerably shorter and clothed, demonstrating its naturalism in its dress

answer

False

question

Hellenistic art had a sense of animation, drama, and psychological complexity that did not exist in that of Classical Greece

answer

True

question

The above vessel, the was created by the culture in

answer

Botkin Class Amphora Greek 540-530 BCE

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The above architecture is called the and it is located on the in Athens, Greece; it was designed by with contributions by (architect and sculptor)

answer

Parthenon Acropolis Ictinus Callicrates

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The above sculpture is entitled it was dedicated in and its medium is

answer

Peplos Kore 530 BCE Polychromed marble

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Unique to Crete and the Minoan culture is the emphasis on the bull, as shown in the Toreador Fresco found in Knossos

answer

True

question

In Italian "Counterpoise", refers to the weight-shifted stance developed by the ancient Greeks in thier sculpted figures is

answer

Contrapposto

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The above sculpture is either an original sculpture created by Hagesandros, Polydoros, and Athanadoros of Rhodes or a copy of the original; its subjects are the Trojan Priest who tried to warn his countrymen about the Trojan Horse, and his two

answer

Marble Laocoon Sons

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The above was discovered in a tomb at Vaphio south of Sparta, Greece. It was created by the

answer

Vaphio Cup 1650-1450 BCE Minoan culture

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Artifacts of the Cyclades

answer

It is thought that they were used for home worship and buried with thier owners The figurines were highly simplified and abstract They were most often marble figurines

question

Lyric poems are generally written to be accompanied by the lyre and thier origin is associated with the poetess known as Sappho, the poems' themes were love and personal relationships

answer

True

question

The above sculpture is called and was created though it resembles statuary from Egypt, it differs in its reflecting the artist's desire to represent the human body as it appears in nature

answer

New York Kouros 600 BCE naturalism

question

Describe Aristotle and his teachings

answer

Aristotle belived that by observing the material world, one could come to know universal truths, a method that came to be known as empirical inestigation He studied everything from biology to various genres of literary expression and formulated hypothese in all of them In Poetics, he postulated the idea of catharsis, the cleansing, purification or purgation of the soul, which he applied to Greek Tragedy

question

Greeks began to write down stories about the past - thier archaiologia- ca. 800 BCE in the form of epics. Describe

answer

The Odyssey narrates the adventures of Odysses (Ulysses) on his returen home from the Trojan War The Iliad narrates an episode int eh 10-year Trojan War History designates thier author as Homer The Homeric epics estabilished three epic conventions that were followed for centuries afterward: in media res (starting the story in the middle of the even), invoking the muse, and stating the poem's subject at the outset

question

Describe sophists

answer

The term means "wise men" They were committed to humanism, a focus on the actions of human beings, political action being one of the most importatn Thier ultimate aim was to teach political virtue, arete, emphasizing rheteroic

question

Alexander the Great

answer

During Alexander's time, sculpture flourished, especially that of Lyssipus, whom Alexander hired to do his portraits. Aristotle, who was Alexander's teacher, had great influence over the conqueror's love of Greek culture and learning, which he spread throughout his empire. He established cities named Alexandria from Egypt to the Indus River in the largest empire the world have ever known.

question

a group, or company, of actors who commented on the action of some Greek dramas, both tragedies and comedies

answer

The Chorus

question

Describe Mycenae culture

answer

Their art is dominated by battle and hunting scenes. The culture was feudal in nature, relying on a system of allegiance between a lord and those who relied on They were a warlike people who lived in cities surrounding fortified hilltops. him for protection.

question

The above architecture is the located in and belived to have been constructed in

answer

Lion Gate Mycenae, Greece 1300 BCE

question

The Title of the above sculpture is it is a Roman copy of the original bronze sculpture done by in

answer

Doryphoros Polyclitus 450-440 BCE

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Elevated Platform on which the actors performed and where the painted scenery could be hung?

answer

Proscenium

question

Originally a tent used as a changing room by the actors buy later transformed into a building, often 2 stories tall?

answer

Skene

question

The parados were entryways through which the could enter the orchestra

answer

Chours

question

The female figure that serves as a column is called

answer

caryatid

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The Doric order was one of the three orders or organizational systems of Ancient Greek or classical architecture. In their original Greek version, Doric columns stood directly on the flat pavement (the stylobate) of a temple without a base; their vertical shafts were fluted with parallel concave grooves; and they were topped by a smooth capital that flared from the column to meet a square abacus at the intersection with the horizontal beam ("entablature") that they carried.

answer

Doric

question

One of the two systems (or orders) invented in ancient Greece for articulating the three units of the elevation of a classical building: the platform, the colonnade, and the superstructure (entablature). The Ionic order is characterized by, among other features, volutes, capitals, columns with bases, and an uninterrupted frieze.

answer

Ionic

question

The most elaborate of the three classical orders of Greek architecture, distinguished by a slender, fluted column, and a bell-shaped capital decorated with a design of acanthus leaves.

answer

Corinthian

question

a play that is amusing or lighthearted and designed to make its audience laugh

answer

Comedy

question

a play that explores the physical and moral depths to which human life can descend based on conflict, whose subject is the lessons the living can lean from the dead

answer

Tragedy

question

somone or something that represents an opposing will in a Greek play

answer

Antagonist

question

the leading character in a Greek play with a tragic flaw that brings him or her into conflict with others

answer

Protagonist

question

Lasting for over 1000 years, the Olympic Games originated as a result of the Greek's belief in agonzesthai, which mean to contend for the prize

answer

True

question

the above is a detail from a larger work entitled in the procession are pictured Augustas' wife one of the most powerful people in Rome, and who would succeed Augustus as emperor

answer

Ara Pacis Augustae Livia Tiberius

question

The above temple, called the was officially built by Marcus Agrippa but was really built by during the years and was a temple dedicated to

answer

Pantheon Hadrian 118-125 CE all the gods

question

Imperial Rome

answer

There was a growing prominence of women in Roman society. The period begins when Octavian "reluctantly" accepts the role of the Imperium, or supreme authority to give orders and exact obedience in all of Italy and its Roman-controlled territory. All artistic patronage passed through Augustus' office and, therefore, most writing tended to glorify both the emperor and his causes; this was especially true of The Aeneid.

question

The name of the above image is it was begun in the late it is approximately long and is located near China

answer

The Great Wall of China 3rd Centure BCE 4100 miles Beijing

question

This opening, called the is located in the ceiling of the it is part of the largest dome built in Europe before the 20th century

answer

Oculus Pantheon

question

The most popular of the Hindu gods because of his great love of humankind Brahman

answer

False

question

The above architecture, the was built by during the years and could house up to people at one performance

answer

Colosseum Vespasian 72-80 CE 50,000

question

A major Roman art form was that the portrait bust, which was more realistic than the Greek versions; its subjects were older, signifying wisdom and the experience of age

answer

True

question

The above architectural structure is a by the name of it was created in

answer

Triumphal Arch Arch of Titus 80 CE

question

Legacy of Rome for the ages

answer

John Adams and Thomas Jefferson would model their new nation on the Roman Republic Romanesque architecture made use of the round arch in its churches. The Roman basilica became the model for the Christian basilica-plan church of the Middle Ages. In the Renaissance, there would be a return to naturalism and the individual portrait.

question

one of a set of twins who supposedly were rescued by a she-wolf and later founded Rome

answer

Romulus

question

a Trojan warrior who escaped after the sack of Troy to Italy; he founded Alba Longa, which later became a part of Rome

answer

Aeneas

question

writer of the epic, The Aeneid, tells of the founding of Rome

answer

Virgil

question

land-owning aristrocats who served as priests, magistrates, lawers and judges

answer

Patricians

question

poorer class of people who were craftspeople, merchants, and laboreres

answer

Plebians

question

a powerful figure in rome who was a rhetorician

answer

Cicero

question

The Vedas and Upanishads form the basis of the Hindu Religion

answer

True

question

Invaded and conquered the inhabitants of the Indus River valley in Ancient India and began the longest-lasting set of rigid, class-based, societeal divisions in world history, the Indian caste system

answer

The Aryans

question

Elements of legacy of the Roman domus

answer

Atrium Mosaics Courtyard Gardens

question

The above image is of located in Nimes, France; it is an created in the late 1st centure BCE, which provided gallons of water a day to the city of Nimes

answer

Pont du Gard aqueduct 8,000-12,000

question

an architectural element used to span wide spaces, using piers, jambs, voussoirs, and a keystone

answer

Round Arch

question

When a round arch is exteneded

answer

Barrel Vault

question

when two extended round arches meet one another at a right angle

answer

Groin Vault

question

Architectural piece known as built during the years on it are seperate scenes, carved in from a military campaign in which Dacians were conquered

answer

Column of Trajan 106-113 CE 150 low relief

question

The above She-Wolf is made of and was created in this sculpture was created by the culture and became a symbol of Rome

answer

Bronze 500-480 BCE Etruscan

question

The above sculpture is entitled and it is believed to have been created in the small statue at his feet is of Cupid, which demonstrates the Julian family's claim of divine descent from and

answer

Augustus of Primaporta 20 BCE Venus Aeneas

question

Describe the Forum Romanum & Imperial Forums of Rome

answer

A forum is a center of Roman religious, ceremonial, political, and commercial life. The symbolic purpose of the forum was to testify to the imperial power of the emperor as he provided prosperity and peace for the Roman citizenry. A forum is a chief public square of Rome

question

Canonized because of his miracles, cures, and the appearance of the stigmata, was a man of the people, creating his poem, The Canticle of the Sun, in the vernacular, the language of the people

answer

Saint Francis

question

New Humanism

answer

Humanism now came to be defined as the recovery, study, and spread of the art and literature of Greece and Rome, and the application of their principles to education, politics, social life, and the arts in general The poet Petrarch's zeal about preserving the great classics from Greek and Rome caused him to be known as the Father of Humanism. Cosimo de` Medici surrounded himself with humanists and collected ancient Greek and Roman art, bringing to Florence the finest examples of sculpture that he could find.

question

The mendicant orders of Dominicans and Franciscans competed with each other even in the construction of thier churches within the same city, but neither was sanctioned by Pope Innocent III

answer

false

question

The above is a fresco called which is located in the in Padua The artist painted it using the technique in which one paints on wet plaster

answer

The Lamentation Arena Chapel Giotto Buon Fresco

question

The title of the above painting is by the sienese artist who was one of the first artists to break from the Byzantine tradition of stylized rather than realistic presentation of individuals

answer

Maesta Duccio Di Buoninsegna

question

The above architecture is the in Paris, France, the external support elements are called one of the several elements that identify this structure as style architecture

answer

Cathedral of Notre Dame Flying Buttress Gothic

question

The above representation of Nether Hell is depicted in written by this journey through hell occurs in the first book of the poem , which is called

answer

Divine Comedy Dante Inferno

question

Describe the Chapel of Sainte Chappelle

answer

The ratio of glass to stone is higher there than in any other Gothic structure. It is a palatine chapel -- a palace chapel -- on the model of that of Charlemagne It was built at the request of Louis IX and is the epitome of the radiant style of Gothic architecture

question

Describe the Poems from the Canzoniere by Petrarch

answer

The poems of his Canzoniere, were inspired by his love for a woman named Laura The were constructed of 14 lines in a type of poem called a sonnet They were divided into an octave, a portion that presents a problem, and a sestet, a portion that attemps to solve the problem or accepts it as unsolvable.

question

The cities of Florence and Sienna were borth republics; the nobility did not rule them; out of thier competition with one another, the modern Western city was born

answer

True

question

The above architecural elements are called statues; this particular one is called the and is located on the central portal, wet facade, of Cathetral. These statues demonstrate the advancement in that occurred during the Gothic period.

answer

Jamp Angel of Annunciation Reims Naturalism

question

The guilds of Florence and Siena, though wealthy, had little power in influencing the governing of the city.

answer

True

question

The above is called and it is located in the city-state of it was commissioned by the order of monks but was supported by the government of the city and private citizens

answer

Santa Maria Novella Florence Dominicans

question

The rise of the University of Paris led to the teachings of Whose dialectical method greatly influenced whose Summa theologica sought to demonstrate the compatibility of classical philosophy and Christian religion, a philosophy that came to be known as

answer

Peter Abelard Thomas Aquinas Scholasticism

question

A distinction of this Gothic period is the use of the vernacular, the language of the people rather than Latin, the language of the church and intelectuals; this resulted in literature that was accessible to all people

answer

true

question

The above image is an example of window with lancets, this particular one is located at Cathetral and was created in

answer

rose Chartres 1150-1180 CE

question

Describe Giotto or his Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel

answer

The Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel was painted by Giotto in buon fresco style, which is painting on wet plaster, with the exception of the blues, which were traditional painting on dry plaster. Giotto, a young shepherd boy discovered by Cimabue, quickly surpassed his teacher because of his ability to draw accurately from life, which led him to create figures,human and divine, who were very naturalistic. The paintings of the Chapel, considered Giotto's greatest, possess a psychological intensity and emotional immediacy that involve the viewer directly in the scene

question

The above image shows the west facade of Cathedral which is an example of a style church; this shows in its use of pointed arches and its difiance of the Romanesque absolute of balance and

answer

Chartressol Gothic symmetry

question

Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his masterpice, the Canterbury Tales, and for his being the first English man to

answer

translate Petrarch

question

Figure A & B are examples of which would be found in style architectures; these were used to teach stories from the to illiterate members of the church congregations; this particular window is called the window.

answer

Stained Glass Windows Gothic Bible Moses

question

Lorenzo di Medici " The Magnificent"

answer

rebuilt the University of Pisa, supported the study of Greek literature and philosophy at the Platonic Academy, and indulged in regular intellectual discussions with great minds of his day such as Michelangelo, Botticelli, Heinrich Isaac

question

The Title of this spring painting is by the artist its title means both spring and in Italian, and it supposedly decorated the wedding chamber of

answer

Primavera Sandro Botticelli First Truth Lorenzo di Medici

question

In the above portrait, called the the artist makes use of a a technique called

answer

Mona Lisa Leonardo da Vinci Sfumato

question

The Venetian artist created teh above oil painting and entitled i he was known for his frank sensuality and for his master of which came to define the art of Venice itself

answer

Titian Venus of Urbino Color

question

Describe Brunelleshchi's Dome

answer

It was a model of visual simplicity and clarity. It guaranteed its architect's reputation as one of the geniuses of the Renaissance, even in his own day. It was followed by Brunelleschi's design of the lantern,a windowed turret at the top of the dome.

question

This Church is located in the dome's artchitect was the building in the front is called the

answer

Florence Cathedral Florence, Italy Brunelleschi Baptistery

question

The above image is entitled it is a part of a series called which is located on the east doors of the Florence

answer

The Story of Adam & Eve Gates of Paradise Baptistery

question

The above drawing by called the illustrated how the ideal human figure generates both the circld and the square

answer

Leonardo da Vinci Vitruvian Man

question

Work: The Laurentian Library

answer

Michelangelo

question

Work: The Desire

answer

Madalena Casulana

question

Work: Sacred and Profane Love

answer

Titian

question

Work: The Prince

answer

Niccolo Machiavelli

question

Work: Defense of Liberal Instruction for Women

answer

Laura Cereta

question

Work: Lion of Saint Mark

answer

Vittore Carpaccio

question

The above sculpture was created by an artist named in the 1440's it is simply called and was the first life-size free standing male nude sculpture since antiquity at the time of its creation; it stands in a fully Classical pose reminiscent of Greek sculpture

answer

Donatello David contrapposto

question

was the architect of this structure called in the chapel which was modeled after a classical temple commissioned by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain

answer

Donato Bramante Tempietto 1502

question

is a secular vocal composition for three or more voices, which became popular throughout Italy in the sixteenth centure, where it dominated secular music

answer

Madrigal

question

The image above is of a that was painted by for the north wall of the refectory of the Dominican monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie; it is entitled it captures the moment after Christ's declaration that one of the apostles would betray him

answer

Fresco Leonardo Da Vinci The Last Supper

question

The above sculpture, entitled was created by it rises above its pedastal and was originally placed in by the city of Florence

answer

David Michelangelo 17 feet Piazza della Signoria

question

The artist created the above painting, the for the Stanza della Segnaturea of the Vatican Palace; the central figures in the painting are

answer

Raphael School of Athens Aristotle Plato

question

without musical accompaniment, as in the type of singing performed by the Sistene Chapel choir

answer

a capella

question

Scentific perspective, first mastered by Brunelleschi and codified by Alberti, involves in translating 3 dimensional space into a 2 dimensional surface

answer

orthogonals picture plane vantage point vanishing point

question

Describe the competition to design the doors at the north entrance to the baptisry in Florence in 1401

answer

As humanists, Ghiberti and Brunelleschi valued the artistic models of antiquity and looked to classical sculpture for inspiration The task for the contest was to create a bronze relief panel depicting the Hebrew Bible's story of the Sacrifice of Isaac. Because the city of Florence had experienced many deaths because of the plague, or Black Death, the general feeling of the populace was that if God looked with favor on the creation of the new doors for the baptistry, he winner's work might well be the city's salvation

question

The above relief sculpture entitled by the artist was a part of the competition to choose a designer for a pair of bronze doors for the Baptistery; the design did not win the competition and let its creator to leave and give up sculpture forever

answer

Sacrifice of Isaac LBrunelleschi Florence, Rome

question

The process of blurring outlines in painting by suble tonal variations so that objects in the foreground blend into the background, literally "smokiness"

answer

sfumato

question

the building up of color with many layers of transparent oil paint

answer

glazing

question

a virtuoso composition, usually for organ, designed to feature both the range of the instrument and the dexterity of the performer

answer

toccata

question

the effect created when musical elements imitate the meaning of the text in mood or action

answer

word painting

question

the theory that each planet produced a musical sound, fixed mathematically by its velocity and distance from earth, which hamonized with those produced by other planets and was audible but nor recognized on earth

answer

music of spheres

question

is a device that portrays objects and people who are near the horizon as more distinct and , creates the illusion of distance by the greater diminution of color intensity, the shift in color toward almost neutral blue, and the blurring of contours as the intended distance between the eye and object increases

answer

Atmospheric perspective

question

was an age of intellectual exploration, in which the humanist strove to understand in ever more precise and scientific terms the nature of humanity and its relationship to the natural world

answer

The Renaissance

question

The above detail is called and is a part of the frescoes on the of the It was painted by at the request of Pope Julius II

answer

Creation of Adam Ceiling Sistine Chapel Michelangelo

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