Fundamentals of Nursing Taylor Ch 22 – Flashcards
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Affective learning
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changes in attitudes, values, and feelings
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Andragogy
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the study of teaching adults
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Cognitive leaning
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storing and recalling of new knowledge in the brain
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Contractual agreement
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pact made between two persons or parties for the achievement of mutually set goals
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Counseling
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giving guidance, assisting with problem solving
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Developmental crisis
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predictable patterns of behavior and change occurring throughout the life span
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Formal teaching
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planned teaching based on learner objectives
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Health literacy
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ability to read, understand, and act on health information
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Informal teaching
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unplanned teaching sessions dealing with the patient's immediate learning needs and concerns
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Learning
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increasing one's knowledge; having one's behavior changed in measurable way as a result of an experience
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Learning readiness
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patient's willingness to engage in the teaching-learning process (emotional readiness) and experiential readiness to begin the challenge of learning
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Literacy
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ability to read and write
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Negative reinforcement
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an ineffective teaching strategy that uses criticism or punishment
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Patient education
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process of influencing the patient's behavior to effect changes in knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed to maintain and improve health
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Pedagogy
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science of teaching that generally refers to the teaching of children and adolescents
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Positive reinforcement
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affirmation of the efforts of patients
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Psychomotor learning
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acquisition of physical skills
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Situational crisis
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change that results when a person faces an event or situation that causes a disruption in his or her life
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Teaching-learning process
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process of patient teaching that encompasses critical steps necessary to provide teaching and to measure learning; this process models the nursing process
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a nurse who counsels an overweight teenager to eat a healthy diet and exercise daily is practicing the aim of patient education of _______
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promoting health
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when a nurse and patient establish a relationship in which mutual respect and trust are established, they have developed an ________ relationship
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helping
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a patient who descibes how insulin injections control diabetes has experienced learning by using the ________ domain of learning
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cognitive
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a patient who express a desire to control bing eating and to return to eating a healthy diet has experienced the __________ domain of learning
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affective
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generally, _______ are considered the best sources of assessment information
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patients
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__________is an internal impulse that encourages the pt to take action or change a behavior
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motivation
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Topics for nurses as educators
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Maintaining and promoting health Preventing illness Restoring health Facilitating coping
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Teaching outcomes
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- Disease prevention or early detection - Recovery from illness with minimal or no complications - Enhanced ability to adjust to acute, chronic, and terminal illness - High level self-care practices - Family acceptance of lifestyle changed by illness or disability
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TEACH acronym
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T - tune into the patient E - edit patient information - update and current A - act on every teaching moment (@ appropriate times) C - Clarify often H - honor the patient as a partner in the educational process Treat with dignity - don't talk down to them
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Three learning domains
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Cognitive (Thinking) Psychomotor (Skills) Affective (Feelings)
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Cognitive
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Thinking - storning and recalling new knowledge
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Psychomotor
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Skills - learning and performing a physical skill
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Affective
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Feelings - Changing attitudes, values, and feelings
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Factors affecting patient learning
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Must asses each patient's --- - Age and developmental level (speak/educat @ appropriate level) - Family and support networks (know what sending home to) - Financial resources (can afford to fill prescriptions?) - Cultural influences (conflict w/best interest of pt) - Language deficit (Call hospital interpreter if ?) - Health literacy level (make sure pt can read)
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Critical developmental areas to inquire about
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Physical maturation and abilities Psychosocial development Cognitive capacity Emotional maturity Moral and spiritual development
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Teaching plans for older adults
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Identify learning barriers (hearing/vision) Allow extra time ( they may be a bit slower) Plan short teaching sessions (repetition) Accommodate for sensory deficits (hearing aid/glasses) Reduce environmental distractions (TV, phone, guests) Be accommodating - but ASSERTIVE
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Assessment parameters
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knowledge, attitudes, behavior, and skills needed to be independent Readiness to learn Ability to learn Learning strengths (how do they learn best)
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Following treatment plans - promoting compliance
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Be certain instructions are understandable and support pt goals. Include the pt and family as partners in the process. Utilize interactive teaching strategies. Develop interpersonal relationships with patients and their families.
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Nursing teaching strategies
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Cognitive- lecture, panel, discussion, discovery, written materials Affective - Role modeling, discussion, audiovisual materials. Psychomotor - demonstration, discovery, printed materials
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Effective communication strategies
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Be sincere and honest Avoid too much detail Ask for questions Be a cheerleader Use simple vocabulary Vary tone of voice Keep content clear Listen and do not interrupt
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5 rights of teaching
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Time Context Goal Content Method
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Guidelines for patient counseling
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Create an environment which will allow everyone to feel comfortable with surroundings Counseling may be formal or informal Use interpersonal skills of warmth, friendliness, openness, empathy Caring is fundamental in the counseling role
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Types of counseling
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Short term - situational crisis- ER/suicide Long term - developmental - Debilitating disease Motivational interviewing - how to counsel best to keep motivated
