EDUC 205: Human Development Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Which one of the following statements best describes motivation theorists' concept of autonomy?
answer
Believing that you have some choice about what you do
question
Which one of the following students exhibits a self-conscious emotion?
answer
Jacob feels ashamed that he missed an easy field goal during a soccer game.
question
Which of the following teaching strategies is most likely to increase students' sense of autonomy?
answer
Ms. Brown asks her third graders to develop some class rules to ensure that all class members will have a chance to express their ideas openly.
question
If you were to incorporate Maslow's hierarchy of needs into your teaching practices, you would be most likely to:
answer
Make sure your students feel safe and secure.
question
Three of the following testing practices are consistent with the textbook's discussion regarding motivation and classroom assessment practices. Which one is not?
answer
Give students increasingly difficult questions or tasks when they get high scores.
question
Vance is quite surprised to hear that his friend Adam had been caught shoplifting, as he has always thought of Adam as someone who is honest, law-abiding, and respectful of others' rights and possessions. "There must be a logical explanation for why Adam was seen shoplifting," Vance thinks to himself, "and I won't rest until I find out what it is." Vance's motivation can best be explained using the concept of:
answer
cognitive dissonance
question
Luis suffers from extreme test anxiety. Three of the statements below probably describe Luis. Which one does not?
answer
As he takes a test, he looks closely and carefully at the wording of each test question.
question
Which one of the following is the best example of extrinsic motivation?
answer
Wanting a good grade in your history class.
question
Kiki is confident that she'll do well in the advanced math course she is taking this year. Given this information, which of the following is most likely to be true about kiki?
answer
She will be intrinsically motivated to learn the new ideas and procedures presented in the class.
question
Which of the following teaching practices is most consistent with Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
answer
Let students release pent-up energy before asking them to watch an educational video.
question
Which of the following situations best illustrates the role of drive reduction in behavior?
answer
After not having had time for either breakfast or lunch, Adam eats three hamburgers and a plateful of french fries for dinner.
question
Eloise's history teacher lectures for hours at a time without receiving questions from the class or giving the class a break to speak with each other about the lecture. As a result, Eloise is bored when she is in history class. Given the textbooks' explanation of boredom as it is related to motivation, which of the following is most likely to be true?
answer
Eloise will not pay attention in class and therefore will not benefit from the instruction.
question
Karin and her mother live on welfare in a poor, inner-city neighborhood in Detroit. Karin is quite bright and highly motivated, and she really wants to get a college education. However, she knows that, on average, students from low-income homes perform more poorly on the SAT tests than students from wealthier homes. When she takes the SAT, she is so nervous that she has trouble concentrating on the test items, and as result her scores are lower than they should be. Which of the following concepts best explains what has happened to Karin?
answer
Stereotype threat
question
Three of the following are true statements about intrinsic and/or extrinsic motivation in instructional settings. Which one is false?
answer
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are mutually exclusive: Students who have one are highly unlikely to have the other.
question
Which one of the following examples best illustrates the concept of situated motivation?
answer
Last year Ophelia was bored to tears in history class, but this year she loves history because her teacher seems to make the subject come alive.
question
Whenever Gisela has a fight with her boyfriend, she remembers the times he has treated her poorly. But later. when he sends her a dozen roses to apologize for hurting her, she remembers how thoughtful and caring he can often be. Gisela's change of heart can best be explained using the concept of:
answer
mood-dependent memory
question
Which one of the following best illustrates secondary control as a factor that can enhance a person's self of autonomy?
answer
When Donald gets a low score on an exam, he thinks, "I underestimated what it would take to do well in this class. I guess I need to start studying harder."
question
Which one of the following is the best example of state anxiety rather than trait anxiety?
answer
Viola becomes nervous when she has to give a presentation in front of her English class. This is the first time she has ever had to do something like this and she doesn't know how well she will do.
question
Mr. Rawlings is faculty advisor for the high school service club. He attends every meeting, and he regularly provides the support students need to carry out their activities. During group discussions, however, he typically sits in the back of the room and offers advice only if club members ask for it or if he thinks the club's planned activities are in some way appropriate. In taking this approach, Mr. Rawlings is most likely to:
answer
Enhance club members' sense of autonomy
question
With the textbook's discussion of arousal and anxiety in mind, identify the best approach to taking a challenging exam.
answer
Worry a little bit about the exam, but not too much.
question
Three of the following reflect general dispositions that theorists have described. Which one would not be considered a disposition as psychologists typically use the term?
answer
Anne has been afraid of snakes since she was a toddler.
question
Three of the following behaviors reflect the need for relatedness. Which one does not?
answer
As she studies for a physics exam, Christianne tries to think how she might apply physics in her own life.
question
Janice finds playing the fiddle to be a wonderful outlet for self-expression. In terms of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Janice is striving to fulfill:
answer
Her need for self-actualization
question
Mr. Lopez, a third-grade teacher, wants to enhance his students' intrinsic motivation to learn classroom subject matter. Three of the following strategies should accomplish this goal. Which one is not likely to enhance students' intrinsic motivation to learn?
answer
Mr. Lopez promises his students that they can have free time at the end of the day if they of well on their spelling tests.
question
Which of the following teaching strategies, while possibly beneficial in other ways, is least likely to foster productive dispositions in students?
answer
Teaching students a particular algorithm to follow in solving math problems
question
Which of the following students is displaying extrinsic motivation?
answer
Caryn wants to become a varsity soccer player so others will admire her.
question
Which one of the following students is displaying intrinsic motivation?
answer
Annette loves to play the viola and so practices for at least an hour each day.
question
Which one of the following is the best example of hot cognition?
answer
Getting excited when you read about a possible cure for Alzheimer's disease
question
Which one of the following teaching practices is most consistent with Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
answer
Let students release pent-up energy before asking them to watch an educational video.
question
If you were to incorporate Maslow's hierarchy of needs into your teaching practices, you would be most likely to:
answer
Make sure your students feel safe and secure
question
With the textbook's discussion of arousal and anxiety in mind, identify the best approach to taking a challenging exam.
answer
Worry a little bit about the exam, but not too much.
question
The textbook distinguishes between a challenge and a threat. Which one of the following is most likely to be a threat rather than a challenge?
answer
You are required to take a college course in nuclear physics, even though you failed basic physics in high school.
question
Marc loves playing ping pong. When he plays with a friend, he concentrates intently on the game and tries very hard to win. He experiments with different shots (occasionally losing a game in the process) and eventually perfects a few shots that are extremely difficult for an opponent to return. With this information in mind, which one of the following is most likely to be true about Marc?
answer
He has a high need for achievement.
question
Mr. Rawlings is faculty advisor for the high school service club. He attends every meeting, and he regularly provides the support students need to carry out their activities. During group discussions, however, he typically sits in the back of the room and offers advice only if club members ask for it or if he thinks the club's planned activities are in some way inappropriate. In taking this approach, Mr. Rawlings is most likely to:
answer
Enhance club members' sense of autonomy
question
While working on a series of math problems, Kate stops after each problem to ask her teacher, "Dis I do this right?" or "Is this one OK?" With this information in mind, which one of the following is most likely to be true about Kate?
answer
She has a high need for approval.
question
Choose the teacher below who is most likely to promote a sense of autonomy in his or her students.
answer
Mr. Andre provides several possible organizational schemes that students can use, if they wish, to organize their oral presentations.
question
Three of the following behaviors reflect the need for relatedness. Which one does not?
answer
As she studies for a physics exam, Christianne tries to think how she might apply physics in her own life.
question
Luis suffers from extreme test anxiety. Three of the statements below probably describe Luis. Which one does not?
answer
As he takes a test, he looks closely and carefully at the wording of each test question.
question
Which one of the following best illustrates secondary control as a factor that can enhance a person's self of autonomy?
answer
When Donald gets a low score on an exam, he thinks, "I underestimated what it would take to do well in this class. I guess I need to start studying harder."
question
Three of the following teachers are likely to enhance students' motivation to do well in the classroom. Which one is unlikely to do so?
answer
Mr. Brandt is full of surprises; his students never know what he'll ask them to do next.
question
From Maslow's perspective, which one of the following best reflects a deficiency need?
answer
Bill is worried that Mark might beat him up on the way home from school.
question
An eight grader named Marianne consistently refuses to do difficult classroom assignments because she's afraid of failing at them. Which one of the basic needs described in the textbook is Marianne most clearly trying to address?
answer
Her need for competence
question
Which one of the following statements is consistent with Hull's notion of how both habit and drive affect performance?
answer
"I won't do it-I don't want to. and I don't know how."
question
Which one of the following descriptions best illustrates a trait theory of motivation?
answer
"Jane is always putting herself in dangerous situations. Maybe she likes the adrenaline rush that comes with living on the edge."
question
Which one of the following teaching strategies is most likely to increase students' sense of autonomy?
answer
Ms. Brown asks her third graders to develop some class rules to ensure that all class members will have a chance to express their ideas openly.
question
Three of the following are true statements about intrinsic and/or extrinsic motivation in instructional settings. Which one is false?
answer
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are mutually exclusive: Students who have one are highly unlikely to have the other.
question
Three of the following teaching strategies should enhance students' sense of autonomy. Which one is unlikely to do so?
answer
Making students well aware that you always know what they're doing and how well they're doing it.
question
Mr. Lopez, a third-grade teacher, wants to enhance his students' intrinsic motivation to learn classroom subject matter. Three of the following strategies should accomplish this goal. Which one is not likely to enhance students' intrinsic motivation to learn?
answer
Mr. Lopez promises his students that they can have free time at the end of the day if they do well on their spelling tests.
question
Which one of the following situations best illustrates the role of drive reduction in behavior?
answer
After not having had time for either breakfast or lunch, Adam eats three hamburgers and a plateful of french fries for dinner.
question
At try-outs for the school musical production, Trudy would like to gain the leading role, but she knows that several other girls are trying out the same role. Trudy instead auditions for the chorus, confident that she can make it without any difficulty. With this information in mind, which one of the following is most likely to be true about Trudy?
answer
She has a high motive to avoid failure and a low motive for success.
question
Frank sees an egg-shaped ball that he later "remembers" as being perfectly round. Frank's mistaken recollection is an example of the Gestalt principle of:
answer
Prägnanz
question
Sarah needs to learn how to spell 40 words for a spelling test tomorrow. Sarah wants to perform as well as she possibly can on the test. Based on findings from verbal learning research, which one of the following would be the best advice to give Sarah?
answer
"Spell the words until you know them all perfectly, and then continue to practice spelling them several more times."
question
In a science lesson on heat, Ms. Jones explains that heat is the result of molecules moving back and forth very quickly and that gases are heated more quickly than liquids. The following day, she asks her class the following four questions. Which one is a higher-level question?
answer
"Why is it cooler near the ocean on a hot summer day?"
question
Look at this word: KITE without turning the page try to imagine how the word would look if it were rotated 180°. To perform this task successfully, you would need to make considerable use of that part of your working memory known as the:
answer
visuospatial sketchpad
question
Maria moved to this country several months ago. She has been studying English as a second language but still has much to learn about the language of her new homeland. One day her teacher tells the class, "Bring an empty coffee can to school tomorrow for a project we're going to do." Maria hears only two familiar words-"coffee" and "school"- and guesses that her teacher is saying that students should not drink coffee at school. Maria's misinterpretation illustrates which one of the following?
answer
Construction in storage
question
When psychologists refer to a dual-store model of memory, they are referring to a model in which:
answer
A distinction is made between working and long-term memory.
question
Three of the following statements are accurate descriptions of long-term memory. Which one is not necessarily accurate?
answer
The more information it contains, the less room it has for new material.
question
Which one of the following teachers provides the best example of the halo effect?
answer
Mr. Cordell overrates Cathy's gymnastic skills because she is head cheerleader.
question
To help herself learn the early explorers of the New World, Jessica makes a chart that lists the Spanish explorers together processing is Jessica most clearly demonstrating?
answer
It reached long-term memory
question
Travis realizes that the year World War II ended-1945-is the same year that his grandfather was born. Which one of the following processes is Travis most clearly demonstrating?
answer
meaningful learning
question
Based on findings from verbal learning research, which list of 3-letter syllables should be easiest to learn?
answer
CAR, DOG, BUN
question
Which one of the following students is definitely demonstrating automaticity in word recognition?
answer
When Kristen reads, she recognizes words by sight and recalls their meanings instantaneously.
question
Contemporary information processing theories of learning can best be described as theories that:
answer
Explain how people interpret and remember the events they experience.
question
Of the following four teachers, which one is probably presenting an ambiguous stimulus to students?
answer
Mr. Benedict stares at a student without smiling.
question
As a teacher, you want your students to use effective information processing strategies as they study classroom subject matter. You consider research about the effects of classroom assessment tasks on learning, and you conclude that you should:
answer
Give assessment tasks that require meaningful understanding of the material.
question
Nicole learns the formula "E = mc2" by repeating it to herself over and over again. Which one of the following processes is Nicole most clearly demonstrating?
answer
rehearsal
question
The textbook distinguishes between teacher-directed and learner-directed forms of instruction. Which one of the following best describes how teachers should view these two approaches?
answer
Either approach can be effectively only to the extent that it promotes effective storage and retrieval processes.
question
Which of the following most clearly illustrates the Gestalt principle of figure-ground?
answer
Aaron is watching the teacher's face so intently that he doesn't notice what she is writing on the chalkboard.
question
Which one of the following statements best describes an activation model of memory?
answer
What you are thinking about is activated; other things stored in your memory are in an inactive state.
question
You know what a computer is, and you also know how to send an email message using a computer. The difference between these two kinds of knowledge can best be characterized as a difference between:
answer
declarative vs. procedural knowledge
question
Albert grew up in Germany but now lives in England. He recalls more about his childhood in Germany when he's speaking in Germany than when he's speaking in English. Which one of the following concepts best explains this fact?
answer
encoding specificity
question
Which one of the following is the best example of controlled processing?
answer
A teenager learning to drive
question
Only one of the following teachers is applying contemporary memory theory. Which one?
answer
Mr. Bancroft helps students identify important ideas in their textbooks.
question
Harry and Sam are both taking French; Harry is also taking German, but Sam is not. Harry and Sam learn these French vocabulary words in their French class: head- la tête eye- l'œil mouth- la bouche The following day, Harry learns these German vocabulary words in his German class: head- der kopf eye- das Huge mouth- der Mund A week later the two boys are given a French vocabulary quiz in which they are asked to give the French words for head, eye, and mouth. Other things being equal, findings from verbal learning research would lead us to predict that:
answer
Due to retroactive inhibition, Harry will get a lower grade on the quiz than Sam.
question
Which one of the following is least likely to be a good predictor of how well a person will remember a piece of information a year or two after learning it?
answer
The speed with which the person learned it in the first place
question
John and Jenny are both taking the same math test on Friday. John studies for 6 hours on Thursday. Jenny studies for 2 hours per day on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday. According to research consistent with the verbal learning theory, which student should perform better on the math exam and why?
answer
Jenny, because her studying was distribute over time.
question
A teacher tells his class, "for tomorrow's class, read pages 23 to 49 in your geography book." Three of the following students are demonstrating the process of construction in their perceptions of what their teacher has said. Which student is not?
answer
Anthony doesn't hear what the teacher says because his mind is on something else.
question
John learned the capitals of all 50 US states when he was a child. As an adult, he can no longer recall or recognize any of the 50 state capitals. However, he relearned the capitals faster than Jenny who did not learn the state capitals as a child. John's relearning suggests that the information regarding the state capitals remained in his ____________________________ from the first time he first learned them as a child.
answer
long-term memory
question
Susan is introduced to Jerry. She immediately smiles and says, "Hello, Jerry." A minute later, she wants to introduce Jerry to her friend Mary, but she cannot remember his name. Based on this information, how far in Susan's memory system did Jerry's name get?
answer
It reached working memory
question
During a lecture on World War II, Mr. Cochran tells his class about some of the major leaders of the countries involved in the war. He then asks Kathy to identify the leader of Great Britain during World War II, and she correctly responds, "Winston Churchill." At the time she answers the question, Kathy is exhibiting:
answer
retrieval
question
Ms. Iwata has a long-term goal for her science students-to consider what they have learned about science as they deal with issues and problems in their daily lives. Which one of the following teaching strategies will best help her students retrieve revenant scientific principles in situations where the principles might be applied?
answer
Associate those principles with as many real-life situations as possible.
question
Which one of the following statements reflects Tolman's notion of purposive behaviorism?
answer
Organisms behave in order to attain particular goals.
question
Tolman was interested in examining the role of expectations in behavior. Which one of the following statements most accurately describes the method he used to study expectations?
answer
He reinforced a response the same way for several trials, then abruptly changed the type or amount of reinforcement.
question
You know what a computer is, and you also know how to send an email message using a computer. The difference between these two kinds of knowledge can be characterized as a difference between:
answer
declarative vs. procedural knowledge
question
To help herself learn the early explorers of the New World, Jessica makes a chart that lists the Spanish explorers together, the Portuguese explorers together, the French explorers together, and so on. Which one of the following processes is Jessica most clearly demonstrating?
answer
internal organization
question
Which one of the following examples best illustrates involvement of a central executive in the human memory system?
answer
Brigette works hard to keep her mind on her textbook as she reads.
question
Which of the following most clearly illustrates the Gestalt principle of figure-ground?
answer
Aaron is watching the teacher's face so intently that he doesn't notice what she is writing on the chalkboard.
question
Randall is trying to remember how to spell the word separate. He retrieves the first three letters (S E P) and the last four (R A T E) and assumes that the fourth letter must be E because he usually pronounces the word like this: "SEP-ER-ATE." Randall's process of remembering how to spell the word (in this case, incorrectly) illustrates the use of:
answer
construction in retrieval
question
Julia sees a set of twelve circles arranged like this: o o o o o o o o o o o o Using Gestalt principles, we can predict that Julia will perceive them as:
answer
2 groups of 6 circles each
question
Which of the following best illustrates the use of a concept map?
answer
Mr. Alexander puts the word force, gravity, velocity, acceleration, and time on the chalkboard; she then draws lines between pairs of related words and describes the relationships.
question
Generally speaking, elaboration helps students learn new information. An exceptions to this rule is when students elaborate on this information:
answer
Using previously stored erroneous information
question
Each of the women below is engaging in two activities simultaneously. Considering contemporary views of attention, identify the woman who should have the greatest difficulty doing both things at once.
answer
Brenda is watching the evening news on television while she studies for an exam.
question
Occasional review of previously learned material helps our memory for that material by:
answer
increasing associations with other things we know
question
Ms. Trinh is about to start a unit on sharks. Some of her students have a strong interest in sharks and know a lot about them. Others know very little about sharks. When Ms. Trinh gives a reading assignment about sharks, she should expect that:
answer
Students with more background knowledge will understand the reading material more readily than their classmates.
question
When memory theorists talk about control processes, they are talking about:
answer
Cognitive processes that affect storage and retrieval of information.
question
Three of the following teachers are practicing principles from contemporary memory theory. Which teacher is not?
answer
Mr. Adamson tells his students that, with practice, they will be able to do complicated long division problems in their heads.
question
Three of the following statements are examples of possible advance organizers for a geometry lesson. Which statement is not an advance organizer as the term is typically defined?
answer
"Okay, class, it's time to put your reading assignment away so that we can begin today's geometry lesson."
question
Which one of the following examples best illustrates a problem with prospective memory?
answer
Marcus forgets to keep the appointment he made with his teacher after school.
question
Which one of the following is the most accurate statement about how people perceive the world around them?
answer
People often fill in the information that they do not actually sense.
question
Three of the following are potential disadvantages of a cooperative learning activity. Which one has not been identified as a disadvantage?
answer
Students generally have lower self-efficacy when they study with peers rather than alone.
question
Three of the following statements are true about inquiry learning as an instructional strategy. Which statement is false?
answer
Students benefit from inquiry learning activities only when they're given total control over the topic to study and how to study it.
question
According to the Uri Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which of the following is an example of a child's microsystem?
answer
The relationship between the child and his or her parents.
question
Which one of the following examples best illustrates symbolic thought as Piaget described it?
answer
Laura asks herself, "Hmm, where did I put my social studies book?"
question
According to the textbook, which is the following is a cognitive benefit of video-games?
answer
Video-games provide "real world" environments and decision opportunities
question
Which one of the following examples best illustrates Piaget's concept of object permanence?
answer
Two-year-old Jasmine looks for a favorite toy her father has just hidden in a box.
question
Which one of the following scenarios best reflects the basic idea of social constructivism?
answer
Two students discuss possible interpretations of the proverb "A stitch in time saves nine."
question
Xavier loves to write poetry. Often he uses techniques that his favorite poets use, but typically he modifies these techniques to better suit his own style. This illustrates which one of the following concepts in Vygotsky's theory?
answer
Appropriation
question
Communities of learners often create conceptual artifacts as they study a topic. Which one of the following is the best example of such an artifact.
answer
Students jointly create a diagram that helps them understand the water cycle. They occasionally revise it as they learn more about evaporation and condensation.
question
Eight-year-old Julie lives in a rural area where many people are farmers or in some other way make their living through agriculture. After a lengthy summer drought, it begins to rain heavily one day in late July. "Thank goodness!" Julie hears her father exclaim. "Our prayers have finally been answered!" Julie makes a mental note of the cause-effect relationship her father has implied-in particular, that prayer can lead to rain. This situation illustrates Vygotsky's belief that:
answer
Adults pass along to children the ways in which their culture interprets events.
question
Which one of the following alternatives is the best example of a socially construction memory?
answer
As they sip their milkshakes at a local diner, two friends recall and talk about various scenes from a scary movie they've just seen at the movie theater.
question
Which one of the following issues reflects a fundamental difference between Piaget's and Vygotsky's theories of cognitive development?
answer
How much children require adult guidance to make cognitive gains.
question
According to Piaget, three of the following are essential for cognitive development. Which one is not?
answer
High self-esteem
question
Which one of the following teachers is using reciprocal teaching?
answer
Working with a small group, Mr. Bromley gives each student a chance to ask questions of other group members regarding a section of text they are reading.
question
Which of the following pairs of concepts reflects the general idea that challenge is important for cognitive development?
answer
Disequilibrium and ZPD
question
Which one of the following statements most accurately describes Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development?
answer
Children progress, in part, by working on difficult tasks with the assistance of more competent individuals.
question
Which one of the following common expressions best reflects the idea of distributed cognition?
answer
"Two heads are better than one."
question
Three of the following teachers are providing scaffolding to help their students learn. Which one is not necessarily providing scaffolding?
answer
Mr. Donaldson takes his students on an all-day field trip to the art museum.
question
Which one of the following students is definitely working in his or her zone of proximal development?
answer
Berta is beginning to learn basic woodworking techniques. She has trouble hammering a nail straight into a piece of wood unless her teacher stands beside her, helping her and reminding her of what to do.
question
Which one of the following is the best example of a mediated learning experience?
answer
As Ms. Robinson takes a group of children hiking, she gathers leaves from maple, oak, and elm trees and points out the ways in which the leaves from the trees are distinctly different.
question
Piaget's sensorimotor stage is characterized by:
answer
Schemes based primarily on perceptions and behaviors
question
Vygotsky proposed that thought and language are:
answer
Largely independent before age two but closely connected thereafter
question
Which one of the following statements reflects a concern about the separation and control of variables?
answer
"I'm catching more tadpoles today, but I don't know if it's because I'm using a larger container to catch them or because I'm working in a different part of the frog pond."
question
From Vygotsky's perspective, why do cultural differences exist in people's cognitive abilities?
answer
Different cultures pass along somewhat different cognitive tools.
question
Three of the following are benefits of peer interaction in the classroom. Which one is not a typical benefit of peer interaction?
answer
Peer-group discussions promote more rapid learning of classroom subject matter.
question
Of the many learning and study strategies might use, covert strategies are ultimately more beneficial than overt strategies. Which one of the following is a covert strategy?
answer
Elaboration
question
Three of the following students are using metacognitive strategies while reading. Which one is not necessarily using a metacognitive strategy?
answer
Pablo prefers to read out loud so he can hear what the words sound like.
question
Three of the following students are showing signs of self-regulated learning. Which student does not show any evidence of self-regulated learning?
answer
Adam beams with pleasure when his teacher praises his English essay, because her opinion of his work is very important to him.
question
On the average, self-regulated learners tend to:
answer
Achieve at higher levels in the classroom
question
Considering trends in metacognitive development, only one of the following statements is accurate. Which one?
answer
Students across the K-12 grade span often think they know things that they really don't know.
question
Concept maps, whether constructed by students or teachers, have several advantages. Which one of the following is not necessarily an advantage of concept maps?
answer
They encourage cooperative learning because they can be constructed only when two or more students work together.
question
Jenny is three years old. Which of the following beliefs about epistemology is she most likely to hold?
answer
Realist; information she gains from other people is truth
question
Three of the following statements accurately describe environmental influences on the development of epistemic beliefs. Which statement is not accurate?
answer
Classroom demands for word-for-word memorization increase as students move through the secondary grades and post-secondary education.
question
When students are reading a textbook, their comprehension monitoring is most effective if it occurs:
answer
Both immediately after they've read a passage and also at some later time.
question
As a teacher, you are concerned that many of your students are learning less than they think they're learning as they read their textbooks. Your best strategy would be to:
answer
Suggest questions that they can ask themselves as they read
question
In which one of the following examples is metacognition most clearly illustrated?
answer
Fran knows how much of a book she is likely to remember a month later.
question
Imagine that you are a school district superintendent who wants students to develop effective study strategies before they graduate. With research about effective study skills programs in mind, which one of the following approaches would be the best one to take?
answer
Have teachers incorporate study skills training into the specific academic courses they teach.
question
Which one of the following is the closest approximation to co-regulated learning?
answer
When studying for a quiz, Malika tries to answer the questions on the study guide her teacher has provided.
question
Which of the following pairs of students best illustrates a difference with respect to students' epistemic beliefs?
answer
Keith thinks that learning chemistry is a process of memorizing symbols and formulas, but Kareem Answer: thinks that chemistry involves trying to understand the nature of elements and compounds.
question
Maps, matrixes, and historical time lines all help students learn by facilitating:
answer
Organization
question
To remember the four states that come together at a single point (Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah), Marcia remembers "CANU" (pronounced like "canoe"). Marcia's technique illustrates the use of:
answer
a superimposed meaningful structure
question
Can study skills be improved through instruction? Research indicates that:
answer
Study skills training programs are effective even with students in the elementary grades.
question
The textbook describes many differences between good readers and poor readers-that is, between people who do not learn effectively from the things they read. Which one of the following is not an accurate statement about their differences?
answer
Good readers read more quickly than poor readers; for example, many good readers are skilled speed readers.
question
To remember that the capital of Maine is Augusta, Bart pictures a lion with a gust of wind blowing through its mane. Bart's technique illustrates:
answer
the keyword method
question
Three of the following are examples of mnemonics. Which one is not mnemonic?
answer
To learn how to drive a car with a standard transmission, Bart practices the various parts of the task (e.g., steering, shifting, and braking) separately.
question
Three of the following are characteristics of self-regulated learning?
answer
Working hard to achieve the instructional objectives the teacher has described
question
With research on effective study skills in mind, identify the strategy that you should recommend to a high school student who really wants to do well in her class but who consistently has trouble learning and remembering classroom subject ,matter.
answer
Underline at least two sentences in every paragraph.
question
Intentional learning, as described in the textbook, would be most important for which one of the following learning tasks?
answer
Revising previously inaccurate understandings of scientific phenomena.
question
Theorists have offered a number of suggestions regarding how teachers might help students develop better summaries of classroom subject matter. Which one of the strategies below do they not recommend?
answer
Begin by having student read exceptionally difficult texts, so that they acquire an appreciation for the value summarizing.
question
Which of the following students is not using a study strategy that will promote long-term storage processes?
answer
While his math teacher demonstrates a mathematical procedure on the chalkboard, Ed writes "Meet Pat after school" in the margin of his notebook.
