Ed Psych Exam D – Flashcards
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Slavin and Kohn's cooperative learning models both emphasize what?
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Diversity within groups
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Once students start to work on a Slavin-type task, what is the teacher's primary role?
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To monitor group activity and make sure group remains on-task
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What formats (Slavin or Kohn) may be most needed by students who are the most resistant to cooperative learning?
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Slavin
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What is Slavin's view on the impact of extrinsic rewards on cooperative behavior?
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The reward contingencies largely determine the impact of extrinsic rewards on cooperative behavior
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Which group structure most closely corresponds to Kohn's humanistic approach to cooperative learning?
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Group Investigation
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What is Slavin's controlled floundering method?
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Giving students in cooperative learning groups hints to answers to questions without answering the question for them
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Why might controlled floundering be useful?
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It makes students use problem solving skills within the group to come up with an answer. It also makes students feel accomplished with they are able to answer the question on their own
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What are characteristics of Kohn's cooperative learning groups?
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-Students structure their own groups -Students structure the assignment -Intrinsic reinforcement is used -Emphasis on creative activities
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Why does Kohn dislike competition?
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Because it uses extrinsic rewards/counterproductive
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Does Kohn judge group work or individual work?
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Group work
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Why might Kohn's approach of allowing students to structure their own groups be a problem?
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Students will form groups with their friends, which will make the groups lack diversity
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Does Kohn or Slavin's model place greater emphasis on individual accountability?
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Slavin's
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Does Kohn or Slavin's model place greater emphasis on individual competition?
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Slavin's
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Does kohn use a humanist approach or a behaviorist approach?
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Humanist
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Does Slavin use a humanist approach or a behaviorist approach? Why?
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Behaviorist, because it emphasis extrinsic reward
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Are low or high achievers likely to make greater gains in cooperative learning groups? Why?
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Low/average achievers, because they have more to gain
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Are heterogeneous or homogenous groups likely to cover more material?
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Heterogeneous
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Do group members develop more interest by learning something or doing it?
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Learning
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Should students be allowed to decide rather to participate in cooperative learning groups or not? Why/why not?
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No, hesitant students will benefit the most from it
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Is reward or task structure more important for cooperative learning to be productive?
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Reward
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If Slavin created reward and task structure, what would he want?
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-Individual roles in groups -Individual and group rewards
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Does cooperation, competition, or independent work produce the best outcome in problem solving tasks?
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Cooperation
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What type of problem solving task is cooperative learning most useful for?
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Non-linguistic tasks
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What is a key feature of class-wide peer tutoring that makes it different from generic peer tutoring?
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Switching roles between the tutor and the tutee
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What is a more appropriate name for class-wide peer tutoring?
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Study team or study session
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During peer tutoring, students progress should NOT be evaluated using what method?
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Norm-referenced assessment
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Individuals who disrupt others in the classroom are 7 times more likely to develop...
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Heart Disease
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Is assertive or aggressive behavior more emotional?
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Aggressive
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How are boys likely to form relationships with friends?
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Through competition and activities
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How are girls more likely to form relationships with friends?
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By talking to each other
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What parents are both boys and girls more attached to?
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Mother
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Does everyone know social skills by high school?
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No, children behave more pro-socially as they get older but not all kids have developed social skills by high schools
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How do gifted children's social skills compare to average children's social skills
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Gifted children have better social skills
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Perceived social competency is inversely related to what?
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Victimization
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How can physically weak kids avoid being victimized?
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By having perceived social competence
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What is the effect of catharsis on aggression?
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It increases future aggressive behavior
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What is the most consistent predictor of future aggression?
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Model
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What is the physiological response to playing violent video games?
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It decreases cardiac coherence, which leads to higher aggression levels
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What was the supreme court ruling of violent video games and aggressive actions?
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There is no proof there there is more criminal level aggression among violent video game players
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What is test reliability?
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How consistently individuals receive the same score
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What is an example of a projective assessment?
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Draw a family
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Which method of assessing social skills is most accurate?
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Classroom observation
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Socio-meteric rating levels tell what?
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Specific children's acceptance or isolation in specific activities
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The projective assessment is the least...
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reliable
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The self report method is most likely to be affected by?
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Social desirability
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An overriding conclusion from Slavin's research on cooperative learning is that, compared to working individually, working together yields generally higher performance under...?
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A combination group-individual reward contingency
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According to Slavin's model, which reward conditions is likely to develop the strongest bonding with a group?
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Extrinsic rewards for a combination of individual and group performance
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Positive task interdependence would likely be highest in which cooperative format?
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Jigsaw II
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A common dimension of cooperative learning groups is that students...?
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Have increased opportunity to both teach and learn from one another
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Will students have greater control over the composition of their groups and the way they work together under Slavin or Kohn's approach?
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Kohn's
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With respect to the impact of working independently versus in a group, one could expect students who work independently to...?
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Do better than those who work in a group under some reward circumstances
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An evaluation of peer tutoring would say that peers can be especially helpful in...?
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Clarifying and practicing skills introduced by the teacher
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T or F Girls generally report more positive interpersonal relationships with peers than boys do
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T
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T or F Girls experience more positive relationships with other girls than boys with boys
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T
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T or F Boys' friendships typically involve more competition and conflict than girls'
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T
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The most advanced level of social skills involves...?
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Group members questioning other members about the rationale of their ideas
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T or F Deliberate practice is necessary for developing social skills as for other kinds of skills
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T
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What is a major reason for using projective techniques such as draw a family?
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They may reveal facets of a child's experience that the child would not reveal under direct questioning
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Is stating one's view as forcefully as possible a component of structured controversy?
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No
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What student reactions likely contributes the most to success in structured controversy?
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Perspective taking
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In trying to work through a conflict, it would probably be advisable to...?
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Define the conflict in the smallest terms you can
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What is one similarity in authoritarian and authoritative parenting?
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They both involve setting parental standards for children's behavior
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How does the notion of perspective taking factor into structured controversy?
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Students learn how to support both sides of the issue, gain greater respect for both sides of the issue, and consider all sides before making a decision
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Why is active listening fundamental to the process of structured controversy?
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Active listening is crucial to understanding another person's point of view
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In structured controversy, how should students check their understanding of the material?
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By restating the presenter idea's and having him/her tell you if your statement is reflective of what they were trying to convey
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How does defining conflict in the smallest terms possible aid conflict resolution?
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-Allows both sides to find common ground -Both sides more likely to view conflict as civil debate than a personal attack
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Contributors to authoritarian parenting style?
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Strict, bilateral communication is blocked, high need for control and obedience, active approach to parenting, set strict behavioral guidelines, consequences for not following guidelines -Active parenting
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What factors may contribute to uninvolved parenting style?
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-Parents want kids to be independent, no demands of child's behavior, no emotional support, child detached to parent -Passive parenting
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Why might a parent be uninvolved?
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-Busy personal life, doesn't want to overprotect child, does not know that parents are supposed to be involved
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What factors may contribute to an indulgent parenting style?
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-Parents don't set strict standards for kids, emotionally invested parents, want to please and protect child from all harm -Active parenting
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Why might a parent be indulgent?
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Wants close relationship with child and give child things that parents didn't have growing up
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How do parenting styles affect student's school performance?
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-Indulgent: negative -Authoritarian: negative -Authoritative: positive -Uninvolved: negative
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Besides authoritative parenting, which style would likely contribute most to a child's healthy development? Why?
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Authoritarian, parents convey strong investment in child's life and safety
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What skills do employers find most desirable in prospective employees?
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Social skills, personal skills, communication skills
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What are some unrealistic expectations that students have regarding meetings with faculty?
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-Faculty member will solve conflict in a way that favors the student -Students think all psychology teachers are clinical psychologists and expect them to be warm and empathetic
