Child Psychology- Chapter 12 review – Flashcards
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As José walked to school with Tony, he saw Tony's notebook in his backpack. José rushed back into his house to retrieve his own notebook, which contained his homework. José's sensation on seeing Tony's notebook became a perception, which then triggered José's:
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working memory
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A lack of understanding of metaphors in middle childhood, even if a child has a large vocabulary, signifies:
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cognitive problems.
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The sudden understanding that one's tone of voice and word selection and the context in which the language is used may override the literal content of one's speech requires a complex knowledge of:
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the pragmatics of language.
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If Gillian is a typical 7-year-old, she learns as many as ______ new words per day.
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20
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Identify the best example of selective attention.
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Ryan reads while other children in the room are singing.
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Eduardo is in the fourth grade. Part of the instruction in his classroom is conducted in English and part is conducted in Spanish. His classroom demonstrates:
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bilingual education
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Seven-year-old Hannah can arrange 10 buttons in order from smallest to largest. Her understanding of which of the following concepts allows her to accomplish this?
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seriation
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Given the importance of metacognition, it is helpful for educators to:
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teach cognitive strategies.
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Because she understands reversibility, Darcie believes that:
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if she doesn't like her snowman, she can always tear it apart and redistribute the snow.
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Which of the following is a crucial difference between Piaget's and Vygotsky's theories of learning?
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Piaget emphasized the child's own discovery processes, while Vygotsky stressed the importance of instruction.
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In most nations, who determines matters regarding public education?
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central government
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Which of the following is true and differs from Piaget's ideas about how children think?
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There is no sudden shift between pre-operational and concrete operational thought.
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New concepts are best learned if they are connected to:
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personal and cultural experiences.
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Which of the following statements is true regarding gender differences in math and reading abilities?
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Differences between nations are far greater than differences between genders.
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Mechanisms that combine memory, processing speed, and knowledge to regulate the analysis of information are known as:
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control processes.
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What makes international comparisons of academic achievement difficult?
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International tests may be culturally biased.
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According to Piaget, a child between the ages of 5 and 7 can apply logical principles to:
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concrete and visible examples.
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Two factors that play important roles in the connection between low SES and language learning are:
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early exposure to language and expectations.
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You are a professor who believes that our brains work very much like a computer in terms of learning, storing, and retrieving information. With which of the following theories would you most likely agree?
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information processing
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The approach to teaching a second language in which children spend the entire day instructed in the second language is referred to as the:
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immersion approach.
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Which of the following abilities is necessary in order for children to be aware of what they already know and what they still need to learn?
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metacognition
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Most children can use explicitly taught control processes by age:
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7.
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With concrete operational thought, children can:
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think logically about tangible things.
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Children are able to develop their own memory aids and organize information on their own at ______-years-old.
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9 to 11
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About 1 in _______ children in the United States is home schooled.
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35
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Advocates of _________ would support a child whose invented spelling of "lady" was "lade."
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the phonics approach
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Many children use codes in their text messages (LOL, , 411). The use of these codes in this context indicates the child understands:
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pragmatics
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Piaget stressed the ______________, whereas Vygotsky stressed the _________________.
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child's own discovery of concepts; importance of instruction by others
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By what age can most children classify objects they see?
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7
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__________ memory stores incoming stimulus information for a split second to allow it to be processed.
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sensory
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Which age group would find the classic joke: "Why did the chicken cross the road?" funny?
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school-age children
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The unrecognized rules and priorities that influence a child's learning in school are called the:
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hidden curriculum
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Children who learn the sound of each alphabet letter and combinations of letters to decipher simple words are learning to read by the _______ approach.
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phonics
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According to research, the best way to teach reading is by using:
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a systematic phonics approach in the early grades. the whole-language approach with students older than age 9 when reading is connected to literature, history, and science. a variety of methods and strategies.
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When Piaget referred to concrete operational thoughts, he meant logic applied in situations that:
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deal with visible, tangible, real things.
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Historically, math instruction has ______________, whereas today many educators would like math instruction to _________________.
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involved memorizing math facts, rules, and processes; be more active and engaging
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Internationally, girls are slightly ahead in ______ skills and boys in ______.
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verbal; math
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Carly is given grapes and strawberries. When asked if she has more grapes or fruit, she responds, "I have more fruits." Carly is using the logical concept of:
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classification
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The two distinct reading methods are the ________ approach and the _______ approach.
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phonics; whole-language
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Children who learn to read when their brains are ready as a result of talking, listening, reading, and writing experiences are being taught to read using the _________ approach.
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whole-word
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Vygotsky's emphasis on the importance of culture teaching children:
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has been supported by research conducted throughout the world.
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The term "math wars" refers to a:
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disagreement between those who want more emphasis on teaching basic math skills and those who want emphasis on a broader, more conceptual understanding of math.
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According to Piaget, the stage of thinking that is characteristic of middle childhood is:
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concrete operational
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An obvious manifestation of the hidden curriculum is:
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the school's physical condition
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At what age can most children demonstrate rapid and fluent oral reading (more than 100 words per minute)?
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11-12
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Five-year-old Franz can count to 100, but he cannot correctly estimate where 22 is placed on a number line that starts at 0 and ends at 100. This means that Franz is having problems with:
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seriation
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DeShawn is typical of some school-age children. He learns up to ___ words per day.
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20
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What is a factor that affects adult linguistic input and later child output?
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socioeconomic status of the family and of the minority group
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The logical principle that things can be organized into groups or categories according to some characteristic that they have in common is:
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classification
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Results received from international achievement tests are considered problematic because:
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sample selection and test administration are not consistent.
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Piaget's term for the ability to reason logically about direct experiences is "____________ thought."
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concrete operational
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Inaugurated in 2001, a planned _____ cycle of international trend studies in the reading ability of fourth-graders is called the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS).
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five-year
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The arrangement in which children who do not speak English are placed together and given an intensive course in basic English so that they can be educated in the same classroom as native English speakers is called:
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ESL (English as a Second Language) instruction
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Marisol has learned to speak formally with adults and informally (using slang) with her friends. She has learned:
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the pragmatics of language.
