question

Psychoanalytic Perspective Viewpoints

answer

Discontinuous, One Course, Both nature and nurture, Freud

question

Psychoanalytic Perspective-?Discontinuous or Continuous

answer

Discontinuous: Psychosexual and psychosocial development takes pace in STAGES

question

Psychoanalytic Perspective-One course or many?

answer

One course: Stages assumed to be universal

question

Psychoanalytic Perspective- Nurture v. Nature?

answer

Both nature and nurture: Innate impulses (nature) channeled through child-rearing experiences (nurture) EARLY EXPERIENCES set the course of later development.

question

Behaviorism and Social Learning Theory Viewpoints

answer

Continuous, Many possible courses, emphasis on nurture

question

Behaviorism and Social Learning Theory- Continuous or discontinuous?

answer

Continuous: Development involves an increase in learned behaviors

question

Behaviorism and Social Learning Theory- Once Course or many?

answer

Many possible courses: Behaviors reinforced and modeled may vary from child to child

question

Behaviorism and Social Learning Theory-Nature v. Nurture?

answer

Emphasis on nurture: Development results from conditioning and modeling. Both early and later experiences are important.

question

Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory Viewpoints

answer

Discontinuous, Once Course, Nature and Nurture

question

Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory-Continuous or discontinuous?

answer

Discontinuous: Cognitive development takes pace in stages

question

Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory- One Course or many?

answer

One course, stages are assumed to be universal

question

Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory- Nature v. Nurture?

answer

Both Nature and Nurture: development occurs as the brain grows and children exercise their innate drive to discover reality in a generally stimulating environment.Both early and later experiences are important.

question

Information Processing Viewpoints

answer

Continuous, One course, Both nature and nurture

question

Information Processing- Continuous or discontinuous?

answer

Continuous: children gradually improve in perception, attention, memory and problem solving skills.

question

Information Processing- One course or many?

answer

One course: Changes studied characterize most or all children

question

Information Processing- Nurture v. Nature

answer

Both nature and nurture, children are active, sense-making beings who modify their thinking as the brain grows and they confront new environmental demands. Both early and later experiences are important.

question

Ethology and evolutionary developmental psychology Viewpoints

answer

Both Continuous and Discontinuous, one course, both nature and nurture

question

Ethology and evolutionary developmental psychology- Continuous or Discontinuous?

answer

Both Continuous and Discontinuous: Children gradually develop a wider range of adaptive behaviors. Sensitive periods occur, in which qualitatively distinct capacities emerge fairly suddenly.

question

Ethology and evolutionary developmental psychology- One course or many?

answer

One course: Adaptive behaviors and sensitive periods apply to all members of a species.

question

Ethology and evolutionary developmental psychology- Nature v. Nurture

answer

Both nature and nurture: Evolution and heredity influence behavior, and learning lends greater flexibility and adaptiveness to it. In sensitive periods, early experiences set the course of later development.

question

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory Viewpoints

answer

Continuous and discontinuous, many possible courses, both nature and nurture

question

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory- Continuous or Discontinuous-

answer

Both Continuous and discontinuous: Language acquisition and schooling lead to stage-wise changes. Dialogues with more expert members of society also lead to continuous changes that vary from culture to culture

question

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory- One course or many?

answer

Many courses: Socially mediated changes in thought and behavior vary from culture to culture.

question

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory- Nature v. Nurture?

answer

Both nature and nurture: Heredity, brain grwoth and dialogues with more expert members of society jointly contribute to development. Both early and later experiences are important

question

Ecological systems theory Viewpoints

answer

Not specified, Many possible courses, both nurture and nature

question

Ecological systems theory- Continuous or Discontinuous?

answer

Not specified

question

Ecological systems theory- One course or many?

answer

Many possible courses: Children's characteristics join with environmental forces at multiple levels to mold development in unique ways

question

Ecological systems theory-Nature v. Nurture?

answer

Both nature and NurtureL Children's characteristics and the reactions of others affect each other in a bidirectional fashion. Layers of the environment influence child-rearing experiences. Both early and later experiences are important.

question

Dynamic systems perspective Viewpoints

answer

Both Continuous and discontinuous, many possible courses, both nurture and nature

question

Dynamic systems perspective-Continuous or Discontinuous?

answer

Both Continuous and discontinuous: Change in the system is always ongoing. Stage-like transformations occur as children reorganize their behavior so components of the system work as a functioning whole.

question

Dynamic systems perspective- One course or many?

answer

Many possible courses: Biological makeup, everyday tasks, and social experiences vary, yielding wide individual differences in specific skills.

question

Dynamic systems perspective-Nature v. Nurture

answer

Both nature and nurture: the child's mind, body and physical and social surroundings form an integrated system that guides mastery of new skills. Both early and later experiences are important.

question

Psychoanalytic Perspective

answer

Children move through stages where they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations. How these conflicts are resolved determines the person's ability to learn, get along with others, and cope with anxiety.

question

Psychosexual theory

answer

Emphasizes how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in the first few years is crucial for healthy personality development. FRUED

question

Psychosocial theory

answer

ERIKSON- addition to mediating between id impulses and superego demands, the ego makes a positive contribution to development, acquiring attitudes and skills that make the individual an active, contributing member of society.

question

Behaviorism

answer

Directly observable events-stimuli and responses are the appropriate focus of study, inspired by Pavlov

question

Social Learning Theory

answer

BANDURA- emphasizes modeling/imitation-observational learning is a powerful source of development

question

Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory

answer

Children actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and explore their world--stages

question

Piaget's stages

answer

Sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational stage

question

Information Processing

answer

The human mind might also be viewed as a symbol-manipulating system through which information flows

question

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

answer

Brings together researchers from psychology, biology neuroscience, and medicine to study the relationship between changes in the brain and the developing child's cognitive processing and behavior patterns

question

Ethology

answer

Concerned with the adaptive or survival value of behavior and its evolutionary history

question

Evolutionary developmental psychology

answer

Seeks to understand the adaptive values of species-wide cognitive, emotional and social competencies as those competencies change with age.

question

Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory

answer

Focuses on how culture (values, beliefs, customs, and skills of a social group) is transmitted to the next generation

question

Ecological Systems Theory

answer

Views the child developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment (Microsystem, exosystem, macrosystem etc)

question

Dynamic systems perspective

answer

The child's mind, body and physical and social worlds form an integrated system that guides mastery of new skills. The system is dynamic, constantly in motion. A change in any part of it disrupts the current organism-environment relationship. When this happens, the child actively reorganizes her behavior so the components o they system work together again but in a more complex effective way

Child Development Table 1.3 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards