Child Development Psychology (PSYC 240) Ch. 5-7 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
The space between neurons in the brain most likely contributes to complex thinking in humans.
answer
true
question
Infants usually double their birthweight by the end of their first year.
answer
false
question
Self-righting inhibits the brain development of infants who have enriching environments.
answer
false
question
Eli is 6 months old. He slaps the water redeatedly each time he is in the bathtub, squealing as the water splashes. His tendency to continue splashing water demonstrates his sensation and his attempts to make sense of it.
answer
true
question
The first part of the brain to develop is the prefrontal cortex.
answer
false
question
According to the test, Beals hypothesis about ______ led to a campaign that lowered the SIDS death rate significantly in several countries.
answer
babies sleeping on their backs
question
Malnutrition is seroius because of which of the following potential consequences?
answer
some chronic and deadly diseases result directly from malnutrition
question
Lyrissa lives in Africa. She is 9 months old and does not weigh enough due to malnutirion. Her tissues are wasting away. Lyrissa suffers from _______
answer
marasmus
question
The brain develops extremely quickly in the first few years, but not all of this growth is permanent. Due to its rapidity and temporary nature, this rapid brain growth is called ______
answer
transient exuberance
question
An abusive caregiver shakes an infant to get her to stop crying. The infant stops crying. Why?
answer
Blood vessels in her brain rupture and neural connections break.
question
Binocular vision appears between ______ months of age.
answer
2 and 4
question
Large movements that coordinate many parts of the body are known as ______ motor skills.
answer
gross
question
Whenever the eyes, ears, tongue, skin, or mouth detect a stimulus, a(n) ______ has occurred
answer
sensation
question
Alma brought her 6-month-old son to the doctor for a well-baby visit. The doctor says that her son's weight is in ther 20th percentile. What does this definitely mean?
answer
He is small compared to other 6-month-olds
question
The outer layers of the brain are referred to as ______
answer
the cortex
question
Linda and Gary, newly arrived at home with their week-old child after a difficult birht, feel they cannot separate from their baby at night, allowing it to share thier bed. This pracitice is called ______.
answer
co-sleeping
question
Transient exuberance is the ______
answer
rapid growth of dendrites during the first few years of life
question
Young children quickly begin to recognize attitudes and emotions in the faces of others. Early on they can differentiate people of their same ethnic background, and read expressions of emotionally particular to that culture. The persistence of this ability, often to the detriment of reading unfamiliar expressions of emotion, is called _______
answer
the own-race effect
question
Newborns perceive important experiences like breastfeeding ______
answer
with dynamic sensory-motor systems.
question
Binocular vision refers to the ability to ______
answer
focus on an object with both eyes.
question
The stage of tertiary circular reactions is when infants begin experimenting with thought and deed.
answer
true
question
Habituation research is a technique that Piaget developed for testing his theories.
answer
false
question
A child's first word combinations - for examples, "More cookie," or "My toy" - are called holophrases.
answer
false
question
One of the first acquired adaptions is an accommodation of reflexes - fro example, the reflexes involved in sucking a pacifier.
answer
true
question
After completing all of Piaget's six stages of sensorimotor development, babies are unable to use their imagination.
answer
false
question
Britta had begun repeating syllables such as "da-da-da-da" and "me-me-me-me." Britta is in the ______ stage of language development.
answer
babbling
question
Darius is learning the names of tow or three new objects or events every day. This rapid inrease in vocabulary is referrenced to as the ______ explosion.
answer
naming
question
Greg is 10 months old, and he refuses to crawl across the visual cliff even though his mother is encouraging him to do so. When he was six months old, he squirmed across it without hesitation. What has changed for Greg?
answer
His experience with crawling had led him to understand that crawling over an edge affords falling.
question
According to Paget, a stage-five sensorimotor baby is like a ______
answer
scientist who experiemtns to see what will happen.
question
Tia is facinated with the toilet. So far, her parents have caught her trying to flush a stuffed animal, a toy cell phone, and a handful of dog kibble. Which sensorimotor stage is Tia in?
answer
stage 5
question
Harris is a 3-week old newborn. A test of habituation reveals that he prefers listening to his mother's language over any other language. Harris ______
answer
recognizes the rhythm, sound, and cadence of his mother's language.
question
Modern research that includes new technology indicates that infants ______
answer
make some cognitive advances earlier than Piaget proposed
question
Piaget called an infant's first period of cognitive development ______
answer
sensorimotor intelligence
question
Stage three of sensorimotor development is characterized by trying to continue an experiene, whereas stage ______ is characterized by initiating and anticipating events.
answer
four
question
Piaget's theory asserts that development occurs in stages, and information-processing theory asserts that development ______.
answer
occurs daily
question
Objects permanence is demonstrated by an infant who ______
answer
searches for a toy that has fallen from sight.
question
When does it first become obvious that a person has discerned the rules of his or her native language?
answer
when the person starts using two-word sentences.
question
On average, children begin saying recognizable words at around ______ months of age.
answer
12
question
An example of stage-three sensorimotor behavior is ______.
answer
looking for a smile and smiling back.
question
The distinct language form known as child-directed speech is a ______.
answer
simplified language that adults use when talking to babies.
question
Around age 1, an emerging sense of "me" and "mine" leads to a new consciousness of others.
answer
true
question
Social learning is acheieved by observing others.
answer
true
question
Baby Roland wants his bottle, but he can't reach it. He gets angry, his face turns red, and he yells loudly. His anger is a healthy response to his frustration.
answer
true
question
Like Freud, Erikson argued that problems and conflicts that arise in early childhood could adversely affect one's adult personality.
answer
true
question
According to Freud, preventing sucking or weaning too early during infancy may have lasting effects on personality development later.
answer
true
question
A child's typical activity during the oral stage is ______.
answer
sucking on a pacifier
question
Center-based day care is common in countries like France, Israel and China, where ______.
answer
it is heavily subsidized by the government.
question
Which hormone is associated with encouraging caregiving behaviors?
answer
oxytocin
question
Jimmy's dad comes home from grocery shopping, sees Jimmy sitting on the sofa, and says, "Where's that boy of mine?" Jimmy give his dad a smile that spreads across his entire face, and his dad responds with an exaggerated surprised look. This is an exmaple of ______.
answer
synchrony
question
Adam is playful, but sometimes moody; fussy but generally tolerant; and sometimes quiet, and other times boisterous. His temperament would be categorized as ______.
answer
hard-to-classify
question
Allocare refers to the care of childre by
answer
people other than their biological parents
question
Developmentalists have found that social learning takes place ______.
answer
throughout life
question
Which specific part of the brain is responsible for the development of the social smile and laughter?
answer
the cortex
question
A baby searches the faces of her parents to see how to respond in unfamiliar situations. This is called ______.
answer
social referencing
question
How do people become "fixated" in a Freudian stage?
answer
Their normal developmental urges are frustrated.
question
Baby Carrie's father is holding her. She is smiling at him one minute and then, unexpectedly, she slaps his face. Since this is typical behavior for her, she may have which type of attachment?
answer
disorganized
question
Andrew has recently begun to display the emotion of anger. How old is Andrew liekly to be?
answer
6 months
question
Which characteristics must be present before an infant can experience pride, shame, or guilt?
answer
social awareness
question
When playing with their children, mothers are more liekly than fathers to ______.
answer
play peek-a-boo and patty cake
question
According to Erikson, failure to develop autonomy over one's own actions is most closely identified with ______.
answer
shame and doubt
