question

According to Bandura, to learn anything through observation, the learner must first:

answer

pay attention

question

Noah is a junior in college and has always been an average student. This semester, he has a political science class for which he feels very passionate, and he sees himself pursuing a career in politics. For the first time, he wants to do well so that he can get an "A." This is an example of which element of observational learning?

answer

desire

question

Bandura concluded that there were _____ elements of observational learning.

answer

four

question

Bandura conducted some of his research to study:

answer

possible links between children's exposure to violence on television and aggressive behavior toward others

question

Research suggests that once people learn something:

answer

it is always present somewhere in memory

question

Which of the following individuals believed that cognition was an important part of behavior?

answer

Martin Seligman

question

The mental events that take place inside a person's mind while behaving are known as:

answer

cognition

question

Kohler's idea of animal insight was controversial because:

answer

other researchers, like Thorndike, did not believe that animals demonstrated that trait

question

Tolman and Köhler were:

answer

Gestalt psychologists

question

Anna's mother scolds her for lying. Anna's mother is using:

answer

punishment by application

question

Which of the following would be considered negative reinforcement?

answer

taking an aspirin when you have a headache

question

Fishing is an example of an activity with a:

answer

variable interval schedule of reinforcement

question

Animals' tendency to revert to genetically controlled patterns is:

answer

instinctive drift

question

The Brelands determined that most Skinnerian behaviorists made the false assumption that:

answer

all responses are equally able to be conditioned to any stimulus

question

Theo gets excited whenever he finds a quarter lying on the ground outside. While walking home from school one day, Theo noticed a shiny round object lying on the sidewalk and became very excited. He soon realized that the object was a bottle cap and his excitement quickly dissipated. Which of the following concepts is demonstrated in this example?

answer

stimulus generalization

question

After passing his chemistry exam, Tito was told by his parents that he would be able to have access to the family car for a week. Tito's parents' are using ________.

answer

positive reinforcement

question

Shortly after eating a piece of his great aunt's famous coconut cake, which he's had many times, Amad became very nauseous. Now, whenever his great aunt offers him a piece of cake, Amad quickly declines. Which of the following concepts best explains Amad's change in behavior?

answer

conditioned taste aversion

question

Aida loves to sing for her family and friends but is extremely shy. In order to encourage Aida to sing again, which of the following is a primary reinforcement that Aida's mom might use?

answer

promise her an ice cream cone when she sings

question

In toilet training a cat, "Lid Up, Seat Down" is known in operant conditioning as:

answer

preparing the training arena

question

________ pioneered the empirical study of the basic principles of classical conditioning

answer

Ivan Pavlov

question

Four-year-old Joshua reacts with anxiety to the sound of thunder. A chair slides across the wooden floor, making a sound similar to thunder. Joshua reacts with some slight anxiety. This is an example of:

answer

stimulus generalization

question

In classical conditioning, the actual response involved in a CR and a UCR are the same. (For example, it might be salivation in both cases.) However, what makes that response (salivation) considered conditioned or unconditioned depends on:

answer

whether the subject is responding to a UCS or a CS

question

Pavlov believed that the CS, due to its association close in time with the UCS, came to activate the same place in the brain originally activated by the UCS. What is this belief called?

answer

stimulus substitution

question

An unlearned, involuntary response, such as salivating when presented with food, is:

answer

a reflex

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