question

According to Bandura, people automatically model what they have observed. True False

answer

FALSE

question

Which of the following is not a self-regulation process? Self-observation Judgmental processes Vicarious observation Self-Response

answer

Vicarious observation

question

Outcome expectations are the same, theoretically, as self-efficacy. True False

answer

FALSE

question

Bandura subscribes to which theoretical orientation?

answer

Behavioral

question

A recognition of the role of personality, situation, behavior, and fortuitous chance help offer a complete understanding of personality according to Bandura. True False

answer

TRUE

question

Even though his father was absent when he was a child, Barack Obama had a number of significant models in his life. True False

answer

TRUE

question

Bandura expanded learning theory by his work on the importance of extinction. generalization. modeling. punishment.

answer

Modeling

question

In their research on modeling, Bandura, Ross, and Ross (1963) found that children are most likely to imitate adults who are the same sex as the child. nurturant. high status. powerful.

answer

Powerful

question

Bandura's studies of modeling in children were designed to investigate the psychoanalytic concept of Oedipal rivalry. sibling rivalry. superego development. identification.

answer

identification.

question

Shelly believes that he can organize and execute his course of action to deal with an upcoming situation. This is called: self-effectiveness self-efficacy self-confidence self-drive

answer

self-efficacy

question

Which is a good way to build a sense of efficacy in athletes? Drilling Modeling confidence Encouraging positive talk All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

Optimism is A. similar to efficacy in its effects on behavior. B. the opposite of efficacy in its effects on behavior. C. immature and unhealthy. D. an early form of efficacy.

answer

A. similar to efficacy in its effects on behavior.

question

Personality influences behavior in that individuals often make choices based on their personalities. TRUE FALSE

answer

TRUE

question

Aggression can be learned from modeling. Ex: Tina watches her mother hit the dog. She then could learn to hit the dog aggressively, by watching her mother. True False

answer

TRUE

question

According to Bandura's research, children who have observed aggressive models may not behave aggressively, even if they have learned to do so, if they lack A. incentives. B. courage. C. an audience.

answer

incentives.

question

Bethany says, "If someone is careless enough to leave their car unlocked, it's their own fault if the car isn't there in the morning." According to Bandura, this illustrates moral disengagement. ego identification. reaction formation. self-efficacy.

answer

moral disengagement.

question

Students high in self-efficacy A. get better grades. B. give up easily. C. don't need to study very much. D. are more anxious about tests.

answer

get better grades.

question

Human agency is when individuals act with intention, after thought, self-reactiveness, and self-reflectiveness. True False

answer

FALSE

question

Modeling is limited to childhood.

answer

FALSE

question

Receiving good grades in small assignments in class should ___ self-efficacy for students in a classroom.

answer

increase

question

A person who is dressed in distinctive, eye-catching clothes is assured at least of meeting the requirements of the __________ process of learning. retention attentional motivational motor reproduction

answer

attentional

question

Parents who set high standards for their own behavior are likely to have children who also set high standards. True False

answer

True

question

Which of the following is not one of the four processes required for learning to take place according to Bandura? Attentional Processes Detention Processes Motor Reproduction Processes Motivational Processes

answer

Detention Processes

question

Based on research by Bandura, Ross, and Ross (1963), we would expect that D. children will identify with the father in a two-parent family, whether he works or stays at home. A. children will identify with the mother in a two-parent family, whether she works or stays at home. B. children will identify with the working parent in a two-parent family, whether that parent is the mother or the father. C. children will identify with the caretaking parent in a two-parent family, whether that parent is the father or the mother.

answer

B. children will identify with the working parent in a two-parent family, whether that parent is the mother or the father.

question

Human agency involves an individual using all but Self-reflectiveness Intention After thought Self- reactiveness

answer

After thought

question

Bandura's research on modeling found that children are most likely to imitate adults who are powerful. True False

answer

TRUE

question

What recommendation does Bandura offer to make people behave more morally? Teach them moral lessons in childhood. Provide models of moral behavior. Increase social control over behavior. Appeal to their religious sentiments.

answer

Increase social control over behavior.

question

Bandura's concept of __________ describes the mutual influences of the person, the environment, and behavior. attentional processes self-regulation reciprocal determinism symbolic coding

answer

reciprocal determinism

question

People with high self-efficacy try harder.

answer

TRUE

question

Bandura and colleagues demonstrated that children can learn __________ through modeling. B. aggression C. performance standards A. arbitrary playful behaviors D. all of the above

answer

D. all of the above

question

Children sometimes imitate aggression less if they see the model punished for being aggressive. True False

answer

TRUE

question

Outcome expectations are the same as A. self-efficacy. B. beliefs about how much effort is required to achieve a desirable outcome. C. beliefs about what will happen if a behavior is performed. D. not important in Bandura's theory.

answer

beliefs about what will happen if a behavior is performed.

question

Bandura's research suggests that parents who wish to have children who aim for high goals should A. model high standards for behavior. B. punish low performance. C. tell their children about the difficulties of the real world. D. be nurturant.

answer

A. model high standards for behavior.

question

Bandura would say all but which of the following are important in understanding personality A. The situation B. Behavior C. Fortuitous chance D. All the above are important

answer

All the above are important

question

Self-efficacy has been found to help treatment programs for A. phobias. B. weight loss. C. AIDS prevention. D. all of the above

answer

all of the above

question

Research suggests that self-efficacy beliefs have the greatest effect on task performance at the beginning of the task . True False

answer

TRUE

question

"Attentional processes" refers to what we observe or pay attention to. what we remember. what we are motivated to do. what we are able to do.

answer

what we observe or pay attention to.

question

The term "retention process" refers to A. noticing a model. B. remembering what a model has done. C. doing what a model has done. D. deciding whether it is worthwhile to behave as a model has done.

answer

B. remembering what a model has done.

question

A student who believes he or she can memorize all the definitions in the book, but still will not get a good grade, has low self-efficacy expectations. low outcome expectations. both low efficacy expectations and low outcome expectations. a phobia.

answer

low outcome expectations.

question

Bandura recommends that self-efficacy should be measured A. separately for each area of behavior. B. by projective tests. C. globally

answer

separately for each area of behavior.

question

When considering goals, one should consider A. Setting subgoals to help work toward long-term goals B. One's possible self C. One's negative possible self D. All the above E. None of the above

answer

All of the above

question

A student has just started working on a term paper, which is supposed to be 40 pages long. One way to increase a sense of efficacy is to

answer

realize that writing 4 pages a week for 10 weeks will complete the task.

question

Which of the following does not help guide one's self regulation? Setting high goals Considering one's possible self Considering one's negative possible self Setting low goals

answer

Setting low goals

question

A baseball player who repeatedly practices batting a ball, trying to improve, is working on the __________ phase of learning. A. attentional B. retention C. motor reproduction

answer

motor reproduction

question

The CAPS model is intended to show an individual's global traits.

answer

FALSE

question

Personal constructs are trait terms that people use to describe themselves and other people.

answer

TRUE

question

Expectancies are internal, subjective beliefs about what will happen in a situation.

answer

TRUE

question

The ability to delay gratification does not occur until young adulthood.

answer

FALSE

question

According to Mischel and Wright, behavior results from a set of conditions, rather than from a trait alone.

answer

TRUE

question

Instead of traits, Mischel uses the term personal constructs.

answer

TRUE

question

Ego resiliency is the ability to change one's behavior based on the demands of the situation.

answer

TRUE

question

Learning theory predicts that behavior in different situations will always be consistent.

answer

FALSE

question

According to Mischel, behavior

answer

is situational, and depends on situations.

question

Personal constructs are all except A. Used by individuals to describe themselves B. Universal C. Used by individuals to describe others D. A part of an individual's unique self-system

answer

B. Universal

question

Showing ability to delay gratification has predictive power over an individual's future A. divorce rate. B. substance abuse. C. career choice.

answer

A. divorce rate.

question

Tom, an extrovert, knows how to begin a conversation with a stranger and can think of things to say pretty rapidly. According to Mischel, this is one of Tom's _____________ A. constructs B. prototypes C. expectancies D. competencies

answer

D. competencies

question

In Michel's research, the average correlation between self-report personality measures and behavior was

answer

.30

question

"If I ask Jane to go to the movies, will she go, or reject me?" This is a question of A. reciprocal determinism. B. stimulus-outcome expectancies. C. behavior-outcome expectancies. D. self-efficacy expectancies.

answer

C. behavior-outcome expectancies.

question

In Mischel's research, preschoolers delayed their gratification by waiting for A. birthday presents. B. recess. C. pretzels and marshmallows. D. the end of class.

answer

C. pretzels and marshmallows.

question

According to Mischel and his colleagues, the effect of traits on behavior depends upon A. the person. B. the time of day. C. the situation. D. the observer.

answer

C. the situation.

question

Construction competencies are described by all except A. What a person knows B. What a person is able to do C. What a person actually does D. Include many learned behaviors

answer

C. What a person actually does

question

Social stereotypes, such as nerd, doctor, comedian, romantic love, etc., are _________ in Mischel's theory.

answer

A. prototypes

question

Delay of gratification is easier if A. the rewards are visible. B. the child thinks about how good the reward is. C. the child sees models who delay their own gratification. D. all of the above

answer

C. the child sees models who delay their own gratification.

question

Adam doesn't know whether he will be thanked or criticized if he helps cook dinner. He is uncertain about A. self-efficacy expectancies. B. competencies. C. encoding strategies. D. behavior-outcome expectancies.

answer

D. behavior-outcome expectancies.

question

"If Jerry is shouting now, he may soon hit." This is an example of a __________.

answer

stimulus-outcome expectancy

question

Mischel focuses particularly on __________ variables. A. cognitive B. environmental C. motivational D. situational

answer

A. cognitive

question

"I will pass the Introduction to Personality class with an A." This is an example of: A. Behavior-outcome expectancies B. Stimulus-outcome expectancies C. Self-efficacy expectancies D. Self-regulatory expectancies

answer

C. Self-efficacy expectancies

question

Which of the following makes delaying gratification easier, according to Michel's "Marshmallow Test?" A. thinking about how good the marshmallow will taste B. looking at the marshmallow C. thinking about something other than the marshmallow D. watching someone else eat a marshmallow

answer

C. thinking about something other than the marshmallow

question

Cognitive affective units allow for the study of A. Individuals B. Groups with similar experiences C. Racial disparity and its effect on behavioral differences D. All the above

answer

D. All the above

Chapter 11, 12, 13, 14 Psych 321 – Flashcards

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