Ch 12- Middle CHildhood Cognitive Development – Flashcards

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1. When Piaget referred to concrete operations, he meant logic applied in situations that: a. involve building structures from smaller objects. b. deal with visible, tangible, real things. c. demand firm, unchanging solutions. d. harden thought patterns very quickly.
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b. deal with visible, tangible, real things.
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2. Carly is given grapes and strawberries. When asked if she has more grapes or fruit, she responds, "I have more fruits." Carly is using the logical concept of: a. identity. b. concreteness. c. reversibility. d. classification.
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d. classification.
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3. By what age can most children classify objects they see? a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 7
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d. 7
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4. Piaget stressed the ______________, whereas Vygotsky stressed the _________________. a. sociocultural context; maturational approach b. importance of instruction by others; child's own discovery of concepts c. child's own discovery of concepts; importance of instruction by others d. apprenticeship method of learning; formal education of children
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c. child's own discovery of concepts; importance of instruction by others
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. __________ memory stores incoming stimulus information for a split second to allow it to be processed. a. Working b. Control c. Short-term d. Sensory
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d. Sensory
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6. Which age group would find the classic joke: "Why did the chicken cross the road?" funny? a. preschoolers b. school-age children c. adolescents d. adults
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b. school-age children
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7. Many children use codes in their text messages (LOL, , 411). The use of these codes in this context indicates the child understands: a. mnemonics. b. phonemes. c. pragmatics. d. dialect.
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c. pragmatics.
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8. The unrecognized rules and priorities that influence a child's learning in school are called the: a. extracurricular activities. b. implied curriculum. c. hidden curriculum. d. school's culture.
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c. hidden curriculum.
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9. Juanita speaks Spanish. She is learning to speak English. In her third-grade classroom, school subjects are taught in both English and Spanish. This method of teaching a second language is: a. bilingual education. b. total immersion. c. dual language education. d. immigrant immersion.
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a. bilingual education.
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10. Internationally, girls are slightly ahead in ______ skills and boys in ______. a. verbal; math b. math; reading c. verbal; reading. d. spatial; verbal
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a. verbal; math
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11. Children who learn the sound of each alphabet letter and combinations of letters to decipher simple words are learning to read by the _______ approach. a. phonics b. whole-word c. whole-language d. rote sound
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a. phonics
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12. Historically, math instruction has ______________, whereas today many educators would like math instruction to _________________. a. involved memorizing math facts, rules, and processes; be more active and engaging b. been more active and engaging; involve memorizing math facts, rules, and processes c. been more relaxed, engaging, and fun; be rigorous and demanding d. involved rote memory; involve rote memory with fun activities
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a. involved memorizing math facts, rules, and processes; be more active and engaging
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13. According to research, the best way to teach reading is by using: a. a systematic phonics approach in the early grades. b. the whole-language approach with students older than age 9 when reading is connected to literature, history, and science. c. a variety of methods and strategies. d. All of these answers are correct.
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d. All of these answers are correct.
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. Advocates of _________ would support a child whose invented spelling of "lady" was "lade." a. Piagetian theory b. the phonics approach c. the multiskill view of literacy d. the whole-language approach
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b. the phonics approach
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. The two distinct reading methods are the ________ approach and the _______ approach. a. phonics; rote-memory b. comprehension-reading; whole-language c. phonics; whole-language d. root-sound; comprehensive
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c. phonics; whole-language
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According to Piaget, the stage of thinking that is characteristic of middle childhood is: a. concrete operational. b. information processing. c. formal operational. d. logical operational.
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a. concrete operational.
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. Piaget's term for the ability to reason logically about direct experiences is "____________ thought." a. concrete operational b. preoperational c. formal operational d. logical operational
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a. concrete operational
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3. The logical principle that things can be organized into groups or categories according to some characteristic that they have in common is: a. transitive inference. b. classification. c. identity. d. conservation.
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b. classification.
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4. Five-year-old Franz can count to 100, but he cannot correctly estimate where 22 is placed on a number line that starts at 0 and ends at 100. This means that Franz is having problems with: a. reversibility. b. seriation. c. identity. d. conservation.
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b. seriation.
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5. Vygotsky's emphasis on the importance of culture teaching children: a. has been supported by research conducted throughout the world. b. does not apply to adult learning. c. deemphasizes the role of formal schooling. d. does not take into consideration the child's motivation.
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a. has been supported by research conducted throughout the world.
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6. DeShawn is typical of some school-age children. He learns up to ___ words per day. a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. 20
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d. 20
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7. Marisol has learned to speak formally with adults and informally (using slang) with her friends. She has learned: a. the pragmatics of language. b. metacognition of speech. c. communicative flexibility. d. linguistic adjustment.
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a. the pragmatics of language.
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8. At what age can most children demonstrate rapid and fluent oral reading (more than 100 words per minute)? a. 6-7 b. 8 c. 9-10 d. 11-12
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d. 11-12
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9. The arrangement in which children who do not speak English are placed together and given an intensive course in basic English so that they can be educated in the same classroom as native English speakers is called: a. English as a second language (ESL) instruction. b. total immersion. c. bilingual education. d. English-language learner (ELL) instruction.
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a. English as a second language (ESL) instruction.
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10. What is a factor that affects adult linguistic input and later child output? a. child's gender b. child's IQ c. socioeconomic status of the family and of the minority group d. national origin of the family
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c. socioeconomic status of the family and of the minority group
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11. Which one of the following statements is TRUE? a. In all nations, every child receives free public education through college. b. A higher percentage of students attend religious schools in Japan than in any other country. c. Reasoned speaking and logical argument are taught in Russian and French schools. d. Home schooling is illegal in the United States.
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c. Reasoned speaking and logical argument are taught in Russian and French schools.
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12. Results received from international achievement tests are considered problematic because: a. scores are uneven from nation to nation. b. sample selection is very large, which affects the content validity. c. sample selection and test administration are not consistent. d. scores are too predictable according to what is taught.
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c. sample selection and test administration are not consistent.
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13. Children who learn to read when their brains are ready as a result of talking, listening, reading, and writing experiences are being taught to read using the _________ approach. a. ready-reading b. whole-word c. phonics d. whole-language
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d. whole-language
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14. The term "math wars" refers to a: a. battle among teachers to see whose students can score the highest in arithmetic. b. disagreement among politicians on when and how much math should be taught. c. disagreement between those who want more emphasis on teaching basic math skills and those who want emphasis on a broader, more conceptual understanding of math. d. battle between parents and schools as to whether to include more math instruction in the curriculum.
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c. disagreement between those who want more emphasis on teaching basic math skills and those who want emphasis on a broader, more conceptual understanding of math.
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15. International studies of mathematics education have found that: a. math achievement tends to be lower in nations where students have more confidence in their math abilities. b. Japanese teachers shun the use of social interaction and sequential curricula. c. U.S. teachers present math at a higher level than do their German and Japanese counterparts. d. Japanese teachers show little enthusiasm for working collaboratively.
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a. math achievement tends to be lower in nations where students have more confidence in their math abilities.
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