Brain-Based Learning – Flashcards

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Neurons
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The brain is mostly made of these microscopic nerve cells (sometimes called gray matter.)
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Glial Cell
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"Glue" that forms a "blood barrier" to protect the brain and the myelin (layer of insulation) around nerve fibers.
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Myelin
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Coating on the axon that serves as an insulator and speeds up transmission for outgoing messages.
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Axon
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"Conductor" that sends ELECTRICAL impulses to the next cell.
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Dendrite
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"Receptors" of the electrical impulse from the axon.
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Synapse
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Small gap between neurons through which neurotransmitters move.
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Neurotransmitter
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CHEMICAL messengers that communicate between neurons at the synapse - scientists have identified more than 50 of them.
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Neocortex
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Larger than any other part of the brain - "Thinking brain."
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Limbic System
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"Feeling brain."
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Front Brain
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Relates to the future - planning, decision making, identifying one's sense of self - where rehearsal takes place and where the brain allows risk taking.
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Brain Stem
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"Instinctual brain."
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Middle Brain
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Most sensitive to stimuli in the present - Center for sensory and motor input.
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Hind Brain
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Focuses on the past - Where memory is processed.
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Left Brain
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Processes things like: Language, Reason, Logic, Math.
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Right Brain
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Processes include: Spatial/Information, Visual Patterns, Ambiguity, Open-Ended Ideas.
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Short-Term Memory
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The brain searches for ways to tie information to some prior knowledge or past experience that has meaning while the information is in the...
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Working Memory
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The brain knows a piece of information is useful, and that it's likely that it can be used in the future so it goes to the...
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Long-Term Memory
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Information has been placed for storage in this.
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Teaching OF Thinking
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These Principles of Brain Compatible Learning fit best into which of the four corners? - Spatial memory needs no rehearsal, but facts and skills require practice. - The brain processes parts and wholes simultaneously.
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Teaching FOR Thinking
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These Principles of Brain Compatible Learning fit best into which of the four corners? - A safe, rich environment fosters a state of relaxed alertness. - Positive emotional hooks (intriguing questions, puzzles, and open-ended problem scenarios) tend to enhance learning. - Learning involves both focused attention and peripheral perception.
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Teaching WITH Thinking
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These Principles of Brain Compatible Learning fit best into which of the four corners? - Learning engages the entire physiology. - The brain is a parallel processor. - Learning is embedded in natural, social settings. - Each brain is unique.
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Teaching ABOUT Thinking
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These Principles of Brain Compatible Learning fit best into which of the four corners? - The search for meaning is innate. - The search for meaning occurs through patterning. - Learning always involves conscious and unconscious processing.
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Microskills
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There are two categories of skills related to Teaching OF Thinking. Included in this category are: - Collaborative Skills . Leadership . Communication . Conflict Resolution . Team Building - Thinking Skills . Creative . Critical - Academic Content Skills and Concepts . Math, Science, Social, Language Arts - Technological Skills . Literacy . Graphics
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Macroskills
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There are two categories of skills related to Teaching OF Thinking. Included in this category are: - Problem-Solving Skills - Decision-Making Skills - Communication Skills - Research Skills - Performance Skills . Athletics . Visual arts . Performing arts . Practical arts - Word-Processing Skills - Innovation Skills - Production Skills
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Emotion
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Strategies of Teaching FOR Thinking: THREATS ALERT THE BODY - Verbal and Nonverbal Signals - DOVE guidelines . Defer judgement . Opt for the outlandish! . Vast number of ideas . Expand by piggybacking on others' ideas - Emotional Intelligence . Self-awareness . Self-regulation . Motivation . Empathy . Social deftness - Moral Intelligence . Empathy . Respect . Character shaping . Value shaping CHALLENGE ENGAGES THE INTELLECT - Three-story intellect - Fat/skinny questions - People search - Wait time - Response strategies . What else?! . Give me more! . Give me an example. - Socratic dialogue . Activity justifier . Socratic questioner . Summary provider . Process coach . Genuine participant
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Enriching the Environment
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Strategies of Teaching FOR Thinking: ORGANIZATIONAL ENRICHMENTS - Student grouping - Blocks of time - Year-round schools - Room arrangement and facility utilization SENSORY ENRICHMENTS - Equipment and supplies (availability, accessibility, flexibility) - Sensory input (touch, smell, hear, see, taste) - Language stimulation (pring rich, language rich) - Learning centers
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Active Learning
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Strategies of Teaching WITH Thinking : COOPERATIVE LEARNING STRUCTURES - Think-Pair-Share - Jigsaw - 2-4-8 Focus Interview GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS - Venn - Web - Flow Chart
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Experiential Learning
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Strategies of Teaching WITH Thinking : MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES - Visual-Spatial - Verbal-Linguistic - Logical-Mathematical - Musical-Rhythmic - Interpersonal-Social - Intrapersonal-Introspective - Bodily-Kinesthetic - Naturalist-Physical World - Existential-Spiritual INTEGRATED CURRICULUM - Performance tasks - Themes - Problem-based learning - Projects/service learning - Case studies
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Reflection
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Strategies of Thinking ABOUT Thinking: MAKING MEANING - Personal relevance - Knowledge construction - Deep understandings - Generalizations - Engagement TRANSFER OF LEARNING - Cognitive meditation - Metacognitive reflection - Direct application - Transfer levels - Enhancing transfer
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Assessment
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Strategies of Thinking ABOUT Thinking: TRADITIONAL ASSESSMENTS - Tests . Teacher made . Criterion referenced . Norm referenced - Grades - Report cards - Parent conferences DYNAMIC ASSESSMENTS - Portfolio . Working . Showcase . Electronic - Performance . Standards or goals . Performance tasks or evidence . Scoring rubrics or quality
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