question

material remains left behind by humans (e.g., an arrowhead)

answer

archaeology

question

interactions between different residents of the same neighborhood

answer

cultural anthropology

question

fossil remains of human ancestors

answer

physical anthropology

question

different patterns of speech in different social situations

answer

linguistic anthropology

question

Anthropologists who use anthropological skills and insights in efforts to solve contemporary world problems are known as?

answer

applied anthropologists.

question

What is anthropology?

answer

he study of human diversity

question

Which of the following might be studied by an anthropologist?

answer

1. dietary patterns among Panamanian natives. 2. fossilized evidence of prehuman ancestors. 3. patterns of speech used by recent immigrants to New York City. 4. contents of trash bags generated in rural neighborhoods.

question

Which of the following terms refers to "the worldwide intensification of interactions and the increased movement of money, people, goods, and ideas within and across national borders"

answer

Globalization

question

How are you connected to the people of Plachimada, India?

answer

Coca-Cola opened up a bottling plant in Plachimada that severely affected local water levels and increased levels of pollution.

question

What is globalization?

answer

the ongoing phenomenon of interactions between people becoming more frequent and easier

question

Which of the following are key dynamics of globalization?

answer

1. Time-Space Compression, 2. Increasing Migration, 3. Uneven Development, 4. Rapid Change, 5. Shaping the Natural World, 6. Flexible Accumulation, 7. Adapting to the Natural World, 8. Humans and Climate Change

question

Anthropology is defined as

answer

the study of the full scope of human diversity, past and present, and the application of that knowledge to help people of different backgrounds better understand one another.

question

Anthropology seeks to study

answer

all people and cultures around the globe.

question

What are the four fields of Anthropology?

answer

1. archaeology, 2. cultural anthropology, 3. linguistic anthropology 4. physical anthropology

question

A company is interested in building a new factory in Bolivia and wants to know how to ensure positive interactions between workers and management. Which type of anthropologist should the company contact?

answer

cultural anthropologist

question

A company that used to be based solely in the United States now has factories in the United States plus Mexico, Guatemala, and Indonesia. Which key dynamic of globalization is at work in this example?

answer

flexible accumulation

question

A hundred years ago in the United States, most college-age adults envisioned living and working near the town where they grew up. Today, many more college-age adults envision living and working in a location away from the town where they grew up. Which key dynamic of globalization best explains this phenomenon?

answer

increasing migration

question

A hydroelectric dam is built in Haiti to provide electric power to those who can afford it. The Haitian citizens who had lived in the valley where the dam is built are relocated to a mountainous location that makes it very difficult for them to make a living sufficient to afford electricity. Which key dynamic of globalization does this story best illustrate?

answer

uneven development

question

Ana has started a project comparing ethnographic data about educational techniques in Lesotho to data about educational techniques in New York City. This process is known as:

answer

ethnology.

question

Anil is an anthropologist who studies how words transmitted via social media have been used both to resist and to uphold power during recent revolutionary periods in Libya, Egypt, and the Sudan. Anil would most likely classify himself as a.

answer

linguistic anthropologist

question

Anthropology began with the study of largely isolated small-scale communities. How has globalization changed anthropology?

answer

1. Anthropologists focus more on how cultures change over time., 2. Anthropologists focus more on interactions between cultures., 3. Concepts of geographic borders separating cultures are less important than they once were, resulting in multi-sited ethnographies.

question

Anthropology is described as a "holistic" field. This means that

answer

1. anthropology studies the whole picture of human life., 2. anthropology studies humans in all places., 3. anthropology studies humans across all time periods.

question

April is excited to see a display of arrowheads and other stone tools in a local museum. She wants to learn more about some of the tools. Which type of anthropologist should she contact?

answer

archaeologist

question

Augusto the farmer encounters several bones while plowing his field and wants to know if the bones are human. Which type of anthropologist should he call?

answer

physical anthropologist

question

Scientists predict what change in global temperatures by the year 2100?

answer

an increase of 2.5 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit

question

When did anthropology arise as a scientific discipline?

answer

the mid-1800s

question

Which key dynamic of globalization is at work when Andre sends a text message and becomes concerned when he does not receive an immediate response?

answer

time-space compression

question

Which of the following are considered participant observation?

answer

1. living in a Brazilian shantytown community (favela) to learn how locals cope with poverty, 2. enrolling in college classes and living in the dorms to learn about challenges facing contemporary college students

question

Which of the following attributes makes anthropology unique among the sciences?

answer

1. Anthropology is global in scope., 2. Anthropologists study both people and the structures of power.

question

Which of the following do anthropologists believe to be true?

answer

There are no longer any undiscovered, isolated groups of humans.

question

Which of the following is most likely to be studied by an anthropologist?

answer

how minority residents of a small town react to discriminatory policies by working together

question

"Individuals and groups have the power to contest cultural norms, values, mental maps of reality, symbols, institutions, and structures of power." That potential is known as

answer

agency.

question

Anthropologists attempt to understand a group's beliefs and practices within their own cultural context, as opposed to the context of the anthropologist's home culture. This practice is best known as?

answer

cultural relativism.

question

Bernice spends time each day reading online news reports from several different news agencies around the world. As a result, she becomes aware of multiple ideas and perspectives and incorporates them into her own outlook and actions. This is an example of which of the following?

answer

cosmopolitanism

question

Which of the following are attributes of culture?

answer

1. Culture is a system of behaviors and beliefs., 2. Culture is shared within groups of people., 3. Culture shapes our ideas of what is normal and natural.

question

Is a culture a static construct or a dynamic one?

answer

dynamic

question

What did Max Weber argue was the relationship between the Protestant ethic and capitalism?

answer

The Protestant ethic-thrift, modesty, moderation, frugality, and self-denial-encouraged and promoted capitalist economic systems, thus allowing capitalism to thrive where it had previously failed.

question

Why is it so easy for a college student with either no job or only a part-time job to qualify for credit cards?

answer

Credit card companies hope to create a perpetual cycle of debt by having cardholders work to pay off the debt, only to incur more debt.

question

In his book Golden Arches East: McDonald's in East Asia, James Watson argues that East Asians go to McDonald's

answer

to participate in what they view as a middle-class activity.

question

What allows modern immigrants to participate in a transnational migration experience?

answer

Improvements in communications and transportation technologies allow immigrants to maintain regular contact with their homeland.

question

Why are anthropologists concerned about the effects of homogenization on cultures around the world?

answer

The increasing effect of homogenization diminishes the diversity of the world's cultures.

question

There are rules governing when to kiss someone

answer

Norm

question

Some, but not all, cultures participate in daylight savings time.

answer

mental map of reality

question

Freedom of religion is a cornerstone of American society

answer

value

question

You arrive at a red, eight-sided sign when driving your car, and know that the sign is suggesting that you stop.

answer

symbol

question

"The ability or potential to bring about change through action or influence" is know as?

answer

power.

question

Advances in transportation technology via seafaring allowed Europeans to travel farther and faster, thus seeing more of the diversity of the world's people. This resulted in the creation of the concept of different "races" of humans. This concept of race as signifying human difference is best described by which term?

answer

mental map of reality

question

Americans tend to drive on the right side of the road. This is an example of a.

answer

cultural norm

question

Bertha likes to eat dinner at 5 p.m. She travels to Italy and decides she doesn't like the country because restaurants tend to open for dinner at 7 p.m. or later. Bertha is practicing:

answer

ethnocentrism

question

Bertram marries someone from outside his cultural group. Which anthropological term best applies to this situation?

answer

exogamy

question

Contemporary debates about privacy in American society post-9/11 are fundamentally debates about which of the following?

answer

cultural values

question

Franz Boas believed that cultures develop in different ways because of the unique and complex sets of issues and situations that members of the cultural group face over time. This way of understanding cultural differences came to be known as:

answer

historical particularism

question

Which of the following theoretical perspectives sees culture as a symbolic system of deep meaning?

answer

the interpretivist approach

question

The belief that cultural patterns are determined by our genetic makeup is best described using which term?

answer

nature

question

he handshake as a form of greeting in the United States is an example of a:

answer

cultural symbol.

question

The suggestion that all cultures progress through a similar set of stages is no longer accepted in contemporary anthropology. This theory was known as:

answer

unilineal cultural evolution.

question

There is evidence that minority residents of Anytown have less access to resources such as strong schools, libraries, and recreational centers than their majority counterparts. This is an example of:

answer

stratification

question

Which of the following are examples of cultural relativism?

answer

1. attempts to explain the dangers of starvation rituals to an indigenous group, 2. attempts to understand native feasting behavior in its local context, 3. attempts to comprehend the motives behind the 9/11 attacks

question

Which of the following are listed in your chapter as ways in which globalization is transforming culture?

answer

1. homogenization, 2. two-way transference of culture through migration, 3.increased cosmopolitanism

question

Which of the following attributes are associated with culture?

answer

1. Culture is constantly changing., 2. The human capacity for sharing and learning culture is unique among animal species.

question

Which of the following terms refers to the process of learning culture?

answer

enculturation

question

While material power such as coercion and brute force were tools used by the Nazi regime, the creation of cultural agreement about the "dangers" of populations such as the Jews, Roma, and others was what ultimately allowed the horrors of the Holocaust to take place. This cultural agreement is known as:

answer

hegemony

question

Anthropological descriptions of cultural groups often include discussions of the role of the anthropologist him- or herself in conducting the research in order to provide important context to the reader. This concept is known as?

answer

reflexivity.

question

Corrine is researching the Nuer of South Sudan, and she learns how they care for their cattle by asking a lot of questions and pitching in with daily tasks that the Nuer undertake to care for these important animals. This practice is best known as

answer

participant observation.

question

What about ethnographic research has changed as a result of globalization?

answer

Both process and content have changed.

question

Which of the following are anthropological research strategies?

answer

1. Interviews, 2. kinship analysis, 3. field notes

question

Which of the following are examples of ethnographic fieldwork?

answer

1. living and interacting with the people you are studying, 2. studying people over a long period of time

question

Which statement is at the core of the American Anthropological Association's Statement on Ethics?

answer

Do no harm.

question

Anthropologists work with both quantitative and qualitative data. What defines qualitative data?

answer

Qualitative data include information that cannot be counted, such as personal stories and interviews, life histories, and general observations.

question

Preparation for ethnographic fieldwork includes.

answer

1. learning the language of the culture you wish to study. 2. conducting a literature review of relevant research previously carried out on this culture. 3. applying for permission from the community of study and the local government.

question

The term ethnology refers to

answer

the analysis and comparison of data gathered by fieldwork across cultures.

question

In her ethnography of a Brazilian shantytown, why does Nancy Scheper-Hughes use the phrase "the market town that I call [emphasis added] Bam Jesus da Mata"?

answer

Anthropologists often change the names of people or places that they study to protect their anonymity.

question

The term "informed consent" refers to the idea that

answer

The subject of study is informed about the anthropologist's research and consents to participate.

question

What do professional anthropologists consider to be the ethical concern about the so-called "weaponizing of anthropology"?

answer

that anthropological research strategies and knowledge may be turned into a tool of war

question

E.E. Evans-Pritchard

answer

synchronic approach sought to isolate variables

question

Bronislaw Malinowsk

answer

participant observation

question

Franz Boas

answer

four-field approach, salvage ethnography

question

Margaret Mead

answer

used fieldwork to engage in public debates in the United States

question

Early in the ethnography, the anthropologist discusses the preparation and methods involved in his fieldwork.

answer

ethnographic authority

question

The anthropologist includes his own reflection on the process of completing the fieldwork

answer

reflexivity

question

People who hold opinions on multiple sides of a key cultural issue are quoted.

answer

polyvocality

question

The anthropologist focuses the words she uses on a specific audience-whether other anthropologists or the people she studies.

answer

tone and style.

question

qualitative data

answer

1. text of an interview with a local director of economic development 2. field notes recorded during participant observation

question

quantitative data

answer

1. ethnic composition of a community, by percentage. 2. average community income levels, by block.

question

1. examines genealogies to identify power relationships. 2. a conversation wherein a respondent is asked a specific set of questions 3. seeks to understand how a culture has changed over the span of one person's life 4. focuses on power relationships in a community by looking at who people turn to in times of need 5. can gather quantitative data and reach large numbers of people quickly

answer

1. kinship analysis 2. interview 3. life history 4. social network analysis 5. survey

question

Anthropological descriptions of cultural groups often include discussions of the role of the anthropologist herself in conducting the research. This provides important context to the reader, and is a concept known as:

answer

reflexivity.

question

Anthropologists are ethically bound to let those we study know why we are studying them, and to obtain their permission to do so. Which term summarizes this obligation?

answer

informed consent

question

Boas and his students rapidly gathered ethnographic material from Native American cultures so that we could learn as much as possible about them before they disappeared. This type of study is known as:

answer

salvage ethnography.

question

Carlos is an anthropologist who wants to learn more about American college student culture. He decided to enroll in a college, take classes, live in a dorm, and interact with students. This ethnographic technique is best known as:

answer

participant observation.

question

Chan has started a project comparing ethnographic data about health care practices from a village in Mozambique to data about similar techniques in rural Kentucky. This process is known as:

answer

ethnology

question

Charles is interested in studying access to paved sidewalks, bike paths, and jogging trails as a means of encouraging fitness in his study community. To aid his research, he creates a map of the study community's:

answer

built environment.

question

Claudia is frustrated because, having just arrived at her field site, she is having a hard time convincing people to sit down for an interview with her. What words of encouragement would be most appropriate to offer?

answer

"Don't worry, you just haven't had time to establish rapport."

question

Curtis wants to study how teachers in an urban high school feel about administrators such as the principal and superintendent. He wants to use a hidden camera in the teachers' lounge to capture teacher comments, then, in his report, to describe how these comments differ between teachers in different disciplines such as math, English, etc. Which of the following statements would apply to this scenario? Select all that apply.

answer

1. This study is not ethical because there is no plan for obtaining informed consent., 2. This study is not ethical because listing teacher comments according to discipline fails to preserve anonymity.

question

During fieldwork, conversational pauses or things unsaid by respondents can convey important meaning to the anthropologist. Which term is used in your chapter to describe these elements of a story that are not told or seen, or key details omitted from a conversation?

answer

zeros

question

Ethnographies about Puerto Rican culture written by Julian Steward and Sydney Mintz are important to the history of anthropological research because they:

answer

study how modern societies integrate into the modern world system.

question

the process of fieldwork alters the character of:

answer

both the anthropologist and the study community.

question

Which of the following should you do prior to beginning anthropological fieldwork?

answer

1. perform a literature review, 2. learn the local language, 3. assemble the anthropologist's toolkit

question

Which of the following statements about early anthropological investigations are accurate?

answer

1. The first written record of anthropological fieldwork has been dated to 7,000 years ago., 2. Much early anthropology did not involve fieldwork, relying instead on others' written accounts.

question

Which of the following statements about fieldwork are correct?

answer

1. Fieldwork begins with people., 2. Fieldwork shapes the anthropologist., 3. Fieldwork can be considered both social science and art.

question

You've just spent five hours engaged in participant observation of a ritual feast and dancing in your study community. How should you record your observations?

answer

Write detailed field notes as soon as possible.

question

__________ suggests that different languages create different ways of thinking.

answer

the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

question

Deidre studies how gender roles are revealed in the language used by recent Caribbean immigrants to New York City. Which type of linguistics best applies to her study?

answer

sociolinguistics

question

How many languages are currently in use in the world?

answer

nearly 7,000

question

Which of the following are included in the definition of language?

answer

1. words, such as vocabulary, 2. sounds, such as a laugh, 3. gestures, such as a wave

question

Apes that have been taught American Sign Language have displayed "productivity," meaning that they

answer

can use known words to invent new word combinations when confronted with a previously unknown situation

question

Human language is accompanied by an extensive set of noises, such as laughs, cries, sighs, and yells. These noises are referred to by anthropologists as

answer

paralanguage

question

The term "displacement" refers to the ability of a human language to

answer

use words to refer to objects or events not immediately present or events happening in the past or future.

question

A dialect is considered to be

answer

a nonstandard variation of a language.

question

Jane Hill argues that the use of "Mock Spanish" by whites results in

answer

the marginalization of Spanish speakers and borders on a racist discourse that elevates whiteness and English while denigrating Spanish-speaking populations.

question

Sociolinguistics is the study of.

answer

1. how people use language in different cultural contexts. 2. how the use of language intersects with cultural categories and systems of power such as age, race, and ethnicity. 3. how culture shapes language and language shapes culture.

question

According to Palfrey and Gaffer, which of the following terms applies to "a generation of people-including many of you reading this book-born after 1980 who have been raised in the digital age and have spent their entire lives thinking digitally"?

answer

digital natives

question

Dumbledore, a pet Doberman, barks three times every day when the mail carrier comes by the house. Which of the following terms is most applicable to the dog's communication?

answer

call system

question

Terms such as participant observation, ethnography, and cultural relativism are part of the anthropologist's:

answer

focal vocabulary.

question

What types of evidence give us clues about the origins of human language?

answer

1. fossilized brain casts that reveal brain development, 2. early art found on cave walls, 3. written records found in archaeological digs, 4. tools made in a specific way, found over a wide range

question

Which of the following are associated with at least some nonhuman primates?

answer

1. productivity, 2. displacement, 3. call system

question

Which of the following are examples of dialects?

answer

a southern accent

question

Which of the following are examples of the effects of globalization on language?

answer

1. Language diversity diminishes over time., 2. Language loss is hastened., 3. Endangered languages are being recorded and preserved.

question

Which of the following is suggested by the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

answer

Different languages create different ways of thinking.

question

Which of the following would be considered paralanguage.

answer

a guttural sound, such as a scream

question

Which of the following would be studied via kinesics?

answer

1. a wave hello or goodbye, 2. a scowl

question

Which of the four subfields of anthropology is described in Chapter 4?

answer

linguistic anthropology

question

Which of the theories below sees power differentials between males and females in a society as a foundation for gender-based differences in language?

answer

dominance model

question

Which type of linguistics is defined as "the study of the development of language over time, including its changes and variations"?

answer

historical linguistics

question

Which type of linguistics is defined as "the study of the sounds, symbols, and gestures of a language, and their combination into forms that communicate meaning"?

answer

descriptive linguistics

question

Which type of linguistics is defined as "the study of the ways in which culture shapes language and language shapes culture"?

answer

sociolinguistics

question

Writing assignments in college courses give students opportunities to practice writing in an academic tone. This tone is considered a reflection of the prestige language in vogue in society at a given time. It is also very different from the language you'd use when conversing with others at a party or via text message. What term best describes your ability to navigate these different linguistic situations?

answer

code switching

question

you've decided to create a list of all of the words for names, events, and ideas that exist in the Palauan language. Which of the following are you creating?

answer

lexicon

question

A person seen as "Hispanic" or "Latino" in the United States might be seen as which of the following in the Dominican Republic?

answer

1. coffee 2. blond 3. indio 4. fair

question

The effects of racism can be commonly seen even in contemporary American society.

answer

-strongly agree, -agree, -neither agree nor disagree, -disagree, -strongly disagree

question

What percentage of DNA do all humans share in common?

answer

99.9 percent

question

Distinctions between human races can be biologically proven.

answer

false

question

Coffee, chocolate, cinnamon, wheat, indio, rosy, faded, blond, fair, dark, and ashen are racial classifications found in _____________.

answer

the Dominican republic

question

s the racial classification system found in the United States universal to all cultures?

answer

No, cultures classify racial groups differently as a result of their unique histories.

question

Racial classes are

answer

cultural frameworks that shape the allocation of power, privilege, and status.

question

n the 1954 court case Brown v. Board of Education, the United States Supreme Court ruled that

answer

state laws establishing racially segregated public schools were unconstitutional and that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal.

question

Institutional racism is defined by

answer

patterns by which racial inequality is structured through key cultural institutions, policies, and systems.

question

Racial ideologies that establish one race as better than another are the result of

answer

distinct culture histories that allow the discriminatory behaviors of individuals and institutions to seem reasonable, rational, and normal.

question

________________ laws seek to prevent interracial marriage.

answer

Miscegenation

question

"Middle Easterners" is a categorization that arose in popular American discourse after 9/11/2001. The creation of this categorization is known as _______________.

answer

racialization

question

Biologically, we can categorize humans based on which of the following?

answer

1. Skin color. 2. Earwax type. 3. hair texture

question

Early European settlers to North America believed themselves to be intellectually superior to Native Americans, and thus destined to rule them. This is an example of

answer

racial ideology

question

Eugenics is a pseudoscience that arose in the late 1800s and maintained popularity in the early 1900s. It was an attempt to "measure" attributes such as intelligence in a way that proved the superiority of some races over others. What event was an outcome of eugenic practice?

answer

the holocaust

question

In which of the following areas do we see whiteness privileged in the United States?

answer

1. employment rates 2. criminal sentencing patterns 3. infant mortality 4. college enrollments

question

Laws implemented to legally enforce racial segregation in the American South after the Civil War were known as

answer

Jim Crow laws

question

President Barack Obama has a white mother from Kansas and a black father from Kenya. His race is commonly described as African American, or black

answer

hypodescent

question

Since there is no biological basis for race, we can argue which of the following?

answer

Race must be based on ideas and observations separate from biology.

question

The "invisible knapsack" refers to

answer

a set of unearned advantages that white people retain in contemporary society

question

The belief that whites are genetically different from, and intellectually superior to, other races is known as

answer

white supremacy

question

Which of the following are reasons why there is no biological basis for race?

answer

1. If we line up all humans and divide them into groups based on skin color, those groups would not align with existing racial categories. 2. Racial categories vary tremendously from one culture to the next. 3. Because of rates of human interbreeding over the past 200,000 years, attempts to divide humans into biologically distinct categories require the creation of arbitrary, or "fuzzy," boundaries. 4. Racial categories existed in human societies before we had knowledge of genetics, and thus are based on cultural observation as opposed to genotypic reality.

question

Which of the following can be seen by the naked eye?

answer

phenotype

question

Which of the following is an example of colonialism?

answer

the control of one country over another

question

which of the following is an example of nativism?

answer

policies providing more social services to native-born citizens than to immigrants

question

Which of the following pairs demonstrate the smallest amount of genetic difference?

answer

two humans

question

Which of the following racial terms might be used to describe individuals from the Dominican Republic?

answer

1. Fair. 2. wheat. 3. blond 4. coffee.

question

Which of the following racial terms might be used to describe individuals from the Dominican Republic?

answer

racism

question

The process by which "minorities adopt the patterns and norms of the dominant culture and eventually cease to exist as separate groups"

answer

assimilation

question

Which of the following terms is defined as "a sense of historical, cultural, and sometimes ancestral connection to a group of people who are imagined to be distinct from those outside the group"

answer

ethnicity

question

True or false? Ethnic groups are well-defined, thus making them ideal for anthropological exploration.

answer

false

question

During the 2010 World Cup, the Boateng brothers played for different nations, despite having both grown up in Germany. What does this suggest about nationality?

answer

Nationality is a cultural construct that can change based on circumstances.

question

What influences have inspired the development of national identities?

answer

1. resistance to colonial oppression 2. shared religious belief systems 3. pride in national athletic achievement

question

Why does Benedict Anderson refer to nations as "imagined" communities?

answer

He argues that nations are cultural constructions that lead people to believe they have a common heritage and collective responsibility to the nation.

question

Anthropologists define the concept of ethnicity as

answer

a sense of historical, cultural, and sometimes ancestral connection to a group of people who are imagined to be distinct from those outside the group.

question

Anthropologists view ethnicity as

answer

a flexible and negotiable cultural construct that can change depending on the circumstances.

question

The concept of ethnic boundary markers refers to

answer

traits distinct to an ethnic group, including cultural practices, food, clothing, and architecture.

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