AANT 108 Midterm – Flashcards
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What are the four fields of Anthropology?
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Linguistic, Cultural, Physical, Archaeology
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What is globalization?
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The worldwide intensification of interactions and increased movement of money, people, goods, and ideas within and across national borders.
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The strong human tendency to believe that one's own culture or way of life is normal, natural, and superior to the beliefs and practices of others is called
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Enthnocentrism
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Refers to the anthropological commitment to consider the full scope of human life, including culture, biology, history, and language, across space and time
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Holism
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What is the analysis and comparison of ethnographic data across cultures called?
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Ethnology
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Is the potential power of individuals and groups to contest cultural norms, values, mental maps of reality, symbols, institutions, and structures of power
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Agency
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Is a system of knowledge, beliefs, patterns of behavior, artifacts, and institutions that are created, learned, and shared by a group of people
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Culture
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Are ideas or rules about how people should behave in particular situations or toward certain other people
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Norms
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The process of learning culture is called
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Enculturation
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Is a research strategy that combines detailed description of cultural activity with an analysis of the layers of deep cultural meaning in which those activities are embedded
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Thick Description
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Where did Bronislaw Malinowski conduct his fieldwork?
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The Trobriand Islands
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Is the research strategy used in cultural anthropology involving living with a group of people over an extended period of time to better understand their lives.
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Ethnographic Fieldwork
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Describing a culture or local behavior and beliefs from the outsider or anthropologist's perspective in ways that can be compared across cultures refers to:
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Etic Perspective
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Means understanding a group's beliefs and practices within their own cultural context
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Cultural Relativism
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Is a key anthropological research strategy involving both participation in and observation of the daily life of the people being studied.
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Participant observation
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Is a system of communication organized by rules that uses symbols such as words, sounds, and gestures to convey information:
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Language
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Is the study of the ways culture shapes language and language shapes culture, particularly the intersection of language with cultural categories and systems of power:
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Sociolinguistics
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The film "American tongues" demonstrates how different people can speak the same language but possess different :
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Dialects
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is the study of the relationship between body movements and communication
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Kinesics
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Switching back and forth between one linguistic ariant and another depending on the cultural context refers to :
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Code-switching
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Laws creating and sustaining segregation in the US were known under the name:
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Jim Crow
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Refers to individual thoughts and actions and institutional patterns and political policies that create unequal access to power, privilege, resources, and opportunites.
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Racism
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Is a demeaning historical term for interracial marriage
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Miscegenation
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A set of popular ideas about race that allows the discriminatory behaviors of individuals and institutions to seem reasonable, rational, and normal refers to a
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Racial Ideology
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Patterns by which racial inequality is structured through key cultural institutions, policies, and system describes:
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Institutional or Structural Racism
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Which anthropologist pioneered the practice of salvage ethnography
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Franz Boas
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Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf popularized the idea that different languages create different ways of thinking, which is known as:
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The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
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Antionio Gramsci came up with ____ to describe the ability of a dominant group to create consent and agreement within a population without the use or threat of force
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Hegemony
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Which anthropologist conducted fieldwork on adolescence in Samoa
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Margaret Mead
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Which anthropologist is credited with inventing participant observation?
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Bronislaw Malinowski
