Epithelial tissue study guide – Flashcards
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Keratinized epithelial tissue
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Dead tissue layers that pile up on top of each other for more protection
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Functions of epithelia
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. Physical protection . Permeability control . Sensation trigger . Specialized secretions
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Characteristics of epithelia
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. Cells closely packed . Apical cells exposed to external or internal surface . Cells attached to basement membrane . Lack blood cells . Cells continuously replaced . Can form pockets and function as glands
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Glands
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Secretory structures derived from epithelia
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Epithelium
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An avascular (without blood vessels) layer of cells that forms a barrier that covers internal or external surfaces
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Epithelial surface
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The 2 classes of the epithelial surface are microvilli and cilia
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Microvilli
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. Abundant on transport cells . Dramatically increase surface area . Found in intestinal lining, kidney tubules
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Cilia
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. Beat in coordinated fashion . Move fluid along surface . Found in airways, oviduct
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Classifying epithelia
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Layers . Simple- one cell thick . Stratified- multiple cells thick Shape . Squamous- flat . Cuboidal- cubic . Columnar- tall columns
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Basement membrane
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. Noncellular mesh work anchors basal cells . Underlies all epithelia . Hemidesmosomes attach basal cells . Resists passage of large molecules . Strengthens against distortion . Nourishes the cells in the epithelium by the diffusion of nutrients
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Endocrine secretion
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Secretion (of hormones) into neighboring tissues and blood
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Exocrine secretion
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Secretion onto a body surface
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Ciliated epithelial tissue
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Catches foreign particles and moves them away from the lungs
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Stratified cuboidal epithelium
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Description Arranged in 2 or more layers of cuboidal cells Function: protection Location: ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, and salivary glands
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Simple squamous epithelium description
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Description: single layer of cells that are flat with sparse cytoplasm and a disc-shaped nuclei
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Simple squamous epithelium function
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Function: passage of materials by diffusion and allows filtration in areas where protection isn't important, secretes lubricating substances in serosae
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Simple squamous epithelium location
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Location: kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, lining of ventral body cavity (serosae)
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Stratified squamous epithelium description
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Description: thick membrane composed of several cell layers, basal cells are cuboidal or columnar and metabolically active, surface cells are flattened, surface cells are full of dead keratin, basal cells are active in mitosis and produce the cells of the more superficial layers
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Stratified squamous epithelium function
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Function: protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion
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Stratified squamous epithelium location
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Location: nonkeratinized- moistnlinings of esophagus, mouth, vagina Keratinized- forms epidermis of the skin, a dry membrane
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Transitional epithelium description
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Description: transitioning from one cell shape to another, resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal, basal cells are columnar, surface cells dome shaped or squamous like, depending on degree of organ stretch
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Transitional epithelium function
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Function: stretches, permits distention of urinary organ by contained urnine
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Transitional epithelium location
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Location: Lines the ureters, bladder, and part of the urethra
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Simple cuboidal epithelium description
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Description: Single layer of cube like cells with large, spherical nuclei
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Simple cuboidal epithelium function
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Function: secretion and absorption
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Simple cuboidal epithelium location
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Location: kidney tubles, ducts, secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface
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Stratified columnar epithelium description
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Description: arranged in two or more layers of columnar cells
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Stratified columnar epithelium function
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Function: secretion and protection
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Stratified columnar epithelium location
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Location: ocular conjunctiva of the eye, anus, pharynx, uterus, urethra, vas deferens, salivary glands
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Simple columnar epithelium description
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Description: single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei, some cells bear cilia, layer may contain mucus secreting unicellular glands (goblet glands)
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Simple columnar epithelium function
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Function: absorption, secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances, ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliary action
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Simple columnar epithelium location
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Location: digestive tract, gallbladder, excretory ducts of some glands, ciliated variety Lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, some regions of uterus
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Pseudostratified columnar epithelium description
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Description: one layer of cells but location of nuclei makes it look stratified, single layer of cells of different heights, Sam don't reach free surface, nuclei seen at different levels, may contain mucus secreting goblet cells and bear cilia
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Pseudostratified columnar epithelium function
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Function: secretion (particularly of mucus), propulsion of mucus by ciliary action
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Pseudostratified columnar epithelium location
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Location: non ciliated type in males sperm carrying ducts and ducts of large glands, ciliated variety lines in trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract
