Enterobacteriaceae Flashcard
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Type |
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Gram-Negative Bacilli |
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Characteristics |
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Non-Sporforming Facultative Anaerobe Reduces Nitrates to Nitrites Ubiquitous |
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Salmonella: S. Typhi Causes what |
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Typhoid Fever |
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Salmonella: S. Typhi Symtoms |
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Prolonged fever, bacteremia, reticuloendothelial system involvement (liver, sleen), dissemination to multiple organs |
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Salmonella: All other Causes what |
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Acute gastroenteritis or food poisoning |
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Salmonella: All other Symptoms |
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Vomiting, diarrhea, sometimes nontyphoidal bacteremia, less virulent enteric fevers. |
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Salmonella: Characteristics |
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Prone to carrier state common outcome of poor sewage |
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Shigella: Closely related to |
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Escherichia |
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Shigella: Characteristics |
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Not normal GI flora Humans are only known reservoir Very fragile, but doesn't take much to infect |
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Shigella: Transmission |
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Fecal-oral contact (common in daycares) Can be carried by flies, food, water |
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Shigella: Causes what |
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Dysentery |
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Shigella: Symptoms |
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Fever, chills, abdominal cramps, watery diarrhea, followed by bloody stool containing mucous & numerous leukocytes. |
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Yersinia: Y. Pestis Causes what |
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Bubonic and pneumonic plague |
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Yersinia: Y. Pestis Transmission |
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Person to person, flea and rodent bites |
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Yersinia: Y. Pestis In domestic animals |
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Dogs can be asymptomatic carriers, still need flea to transmit Cats can become seriously ill, can transmit primary pneumonic plague to humans |
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Yersinia: All other Y. Enterocolitica |
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most common isolated form found in wide variety of domestic animals Causes acute enteritis |
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Yersinia: All other Y. Pseudotuberculosis |
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Pathogen primarily of rodents, especially guinea pigs Human infections are rare Causes septicemia accompanied by mesenteric lymphadentis |
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Endotoxin: Definition |
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Release of lipopolysaccharide in outer membrane of cell wall of gram negative bacteria |
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Endotoxin: Causes what |
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Hypertension, shock, fever, intravascular coagulation, death |
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Endotoxin: Composition |
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Lipid A, core polysaccharide, "O" antigens |
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Flagellar or "H" antigens |
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Protein in nature, heat labile |
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Capsular or "K" antigens |
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Capsules are surface polysaccharides, heat labile |
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Somatic or "O" antigens |
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Associated with the body of cell, polysaccharide chain |
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E. Coli |
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Most commonly isolated opportunistic human pathogen causing UTI, wound infection, pneumonia, meningitis, septicemia. Primary cause of "Travelers' diarrhea" Major facultative inhabitant of large intestine |