English review – Flashcards
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John Bunyan
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Pilgrim's Progress
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Robert Browning
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"My Last Duchess"
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Charles Dickens (2)
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Great Expectations, Oliver Twist
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Geoffrey Chaucer (4)
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Canterbury Tales, hous of fame, troilus and criseyde, chaucer's book of the duchesse
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John Milton
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Paradise Lost
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Gerald Manley Hopkins
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"God's Grandeur"
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George Gordon, Lord Byron
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Don Juan
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Samuel Coleridge (3)
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Kubla Khan, christabel, the rime of the ancient mariner
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John Keats
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"When I have fears"
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William Wordsworth
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"Tintern Abbey"
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Samuel Johnson
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Rasselas
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William Shakespeare
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Hamlet
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Alfred, Lord Tennyson
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"Crossing the Bar"
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Jonathan Swift
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Gulliver's Travels
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pun
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a play on words that sound alike but have different meanings
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personification
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giving human qualities to something not human
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allusion
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reference to something well known
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soliloquy
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an actor's speech while he is alone on stage
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imagery
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an appeal to the reader's physical senses
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alliteration
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repetition of initial consonant sounds
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metaphor
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an indirect comparison
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first step in the development of english drama
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church plays
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considered a transition between morality plays and Elizabethan plays
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interludes
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performed on a pageant
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mystery plays
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performed in innyards
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morality plays
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performed in a theater
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Elizabethan plays
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purpose was to dramatize salvation history
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mystery plays
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a dramatized allegory
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morality plays
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impetuous and showy
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Laertes
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emotionally balanced
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Horatio
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character speaks to himself while alone
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soliloquy
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builds suspense as hero gains control
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rising action
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portrays stages in hero's downfall
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falling action
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reveals background information
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exposition
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provides relaxation and heightens the plot's seriousness
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comic relief
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early theories of language origins
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"bow wow," "pooh-pooh," "yo-he-ho"
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framework of a short story
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plot
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main idea of a paragraph
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topic sentence
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connectors between sentences
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transitional devices
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sentence completers
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complements
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repetition of vowel sounds that are followed by different consonants
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assonance
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time, place, culture in a story
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setting
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conversation between characters in a story
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dialogue
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relating of actions and incidents in a story
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narration
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two or more unrelated thoughts
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run-on sentence
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Describe the "Bow wow" theory
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first words were imitations of animal cries and other natural sounds
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Describe the "Pooh-Pooh" theory
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first words were exclamations of emotion and later became connected with the object or situation that caused for exclamation of emotion
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Describe the "Yo-he-ho" theory
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Began with the rhythmic chants of people working together or with the gestures and songs of children at play
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Two legends about the origin of language
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God and Veracocha
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precent participles end in...
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ing
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past participles end in...
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d, ed, or t
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gerund is a...
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verb ending in ing
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infinitive is...
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the word to followed by a verb
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a fragment sentence is a...
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group of words lacking a subject or verb
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a dangling modifier is a...
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has no logical word to modify
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vague words...
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have unclear meanings
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trite expressions...
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uncreative and overly used
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slang words are...
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too informal
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stilted words are...
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too scholarly
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description in a story is probably more economical if
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interspersed with ideas that advance the plot
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technique is the way in which the writer (2)
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describes character and moves the plot forward
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four kinds of point-of-view in a story are
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omniscient, personal, dramatic, and limited omniscient
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omniscient point of view...
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allows you to see the thoughts of all the characters
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limited omniscient point of view...
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allows you to see the thoughts of only one character
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dramatic point of view...
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does not allow you any thoughts of any characters
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personal point of view...
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tells the story from first person, as the character
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a poem is a series of images that create a
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word picture
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a poet uses the common sound patterns of meter and
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rhyme
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a form of poetry that neither rhyme nor meter is
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free verse
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meter and rhyme must be suited to the to the poem's
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content, theme, and tone
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T/F: structural grammer was developed because people believed traditional grammar did not accurately describe English grammar.
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true
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T/F: traditional grammar is based on the french language.
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false
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T/F: structural grammer defines a sentence and parts of speech.
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false
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T/F: transformational grammar attempts to find rules that, if applied, would create all possible grammatical sentences.
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true
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T/F: exceptions to the rules of traditional grammar seldom occur.
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false
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T/F: Latin is the basis of all languages.
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false
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T/F: according to the Bible, God spoke to the beings He created.
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true
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T/F: in fiction the reactions of people to other people and events are more important than than the events themselves.
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true
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T/F: english developed from a germanic language.
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true
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T/F: an outline is not essential to good writing.
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false
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T/F: traditional grammar is based on the latin language.
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true
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T/F: semantics is the scientific study of creative grammars.
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false
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T/F: poetry and short stories are examples of expository writing.
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false
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T/F: the purpose and the audience are important considerations for the writer of an expository essay.
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true
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T/F: a topic sentence helps supports the main idea of a paragraph.
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false
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a well-written paragraph should be both
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unified and coherent
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every sentence must contain a (2)
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subject and predicate
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to alleviate choppiness in sentences, a writer will use (2)
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phrases and clauses
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a person will read faster and with better comprehension of he _____ instead of reading word for word.
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sees
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Three kinds of grammar that are studied today are
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traditional, structural, and transformational
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Three examples of figurative language are
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simile, metaphor, personification
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the most common sound patterns in poetry are (2)
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rhyme and meter
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T/F: the topic sentence of a paragraph is a general statement that summarizes the contents of a paragraph.
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true
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T/F: Shelley's life was contrary to the ideas he explored in his poetry.
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false
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T/F: the pearly is a fifteenth-century elegy containing a dream vision.
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falsed
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T/F: the climax of hamlet is ophelia's death.
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false
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T/F: all sonnets have fourteen lines.
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true
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T/F: shakespeare was born in London in 1564.
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false
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T/F: the main support for a critics opinion should be detailed evidence from the text.
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true
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T/F: the first step in writing a critical essay is to be very familiar with the text.
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true
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T/F: the philosophy of romanticism was a concern for the rights and dignity of the individual.
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true
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the mysterious early period of English history has been revealed primarily through recently discovered (3)
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manuscripts, drawings, and artifacts
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by the year 700 B.C. England was held by
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Celts
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England was invaded in 52 B.C. by the ______, who were followed after A.D. 450 by the three German tribes...
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Romans...Angles, Saxons, and Jutes
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missionaries were sent by Pope Gregory in the year
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A.D. 597
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The Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation was written by the ______________, who is considered the father of english history.
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venerable bede
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an english king and scholar, ______________, established the anglo-saxon chronicle.
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alfred the great
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anglo-saxon england came to an end in the year _____ with the _______.
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1066, normans
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pertaining to a formal poem; a meditation upon a serious subject
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elegiac
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a relationship between a leader and his retainers
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comitatus
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the repetition of the initial sounds in two or more words of a line of poetry
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alliteration
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the basic unit of meter in anglo-saxon poetry
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half-line
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scop
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poet
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hlaford
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lord
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wyrd
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fate
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a long narrative poem; national in scope, heroic in character and action
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epic
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double comparison or metaphors
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kennings
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What is "Widsith"?
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an elegy about a traveling stop or minstrel, probably on of the oldest poems in english
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what is the message of "Wanderer"?
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life is short, seek God for forgiveness
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What is the theme of the "Seafarer"?
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man lives only for things of this world
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What does "The Ruin" describe?
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poet fragment describing the remains of a roman city built in England
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What is a Gnome?
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short saying, a proverb
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Wiglaf of Beowulf
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the only loyal soldier that remained with Beowulf
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Wealtheow of beowulf
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queen of denmark
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grendel of beowulf
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monster
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hrothgar of beowulf
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king of denmark
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heorot of beowulf
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the meadhall
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T/F: the domesday book recorded the names of traitors to be executed.
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false
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T/F: the normans took over most of the english land and set up their own forms of language and government.
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true
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T/F: edward the confessor was the "holy blissful martyr."
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false
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T/F: feudalism is a social and economic system of the high middle ages.
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false
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T/F: richard the lion-hearted is remembered for signing the magna carta.
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false
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T/F: a demesne is the best land of the manor, tended by peasants for their lord.
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true
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T/F: stability and meaning was provided to the common man by the church.
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true
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T/F: by the beginning of the middle ages, the middle class had become the dominant force.
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false
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describe the language of the medieval England.
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it was a blend of french, german, latin, and old english which all blended together into regional languages that also led to more dominant language
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what is meant by ballad stanza?
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usually four lines of iambic pentameter, first and third have four accented syllables, second and fourth have three but rhyme
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six types of subjects about which ballads may be written
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romantic, supernatural, tragic, humorous, adventurous, historical
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an outgrowth of the feudal system, provided by knights with a code of honor, loyalty, bravery, and courtesy
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chivalry
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elaborate love tradition
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courtly love
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teaches lessons by sermons, poems, and rules
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didactic
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fourteenth-century works (3)
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sir gawain and the green knight, the pearl, the vision of william concerning piers the plowman
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the greatest of the early english writers was
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chaucer
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the canterbury tales is actually a collection of _____ within an external ________
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tales, framework
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five groups of pilgrims included by chaucer are....
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chivalric or military, clergy, middle class, humble christians, rascals
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what is chanticleer's weakness?
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his pride
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wrote about the poet's power to immortalize beauty and love
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william shakespeare
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Sir philip sidney
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astrophel and stella
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wrote in archaic language
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edmund spencer
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edmund spencer
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amoretti
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wrote religious sonnets
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john donne
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three types of sonnets are the
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petrarchan, shakespearean, and spenserian
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all sonnets have ________ lines; the rhythm pattern of all sonnets is called _____________.
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14, iambic pentameter
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The rhyme scheme of the octave of a petrarchan (Italian) sonnet is...
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abba/abba
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The rhyme scheme of a spenserian sonnet is...
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abab/bcbc/cdcd
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three prose forms written during the reigns of elizabeth and james II
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translations, essays, novellas
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dramatized the history of salvation
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mystery plays
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instructed people in the liturgy
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church plays
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dramatized the lives of saints
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miracle plays
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performed in cycles on pageants
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mystery plays
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intended to emphasize amusement rather than instruction
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interludes
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personified abstract virtues
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morality plays
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Put these plays in chronological order... mystery, elizabethan, church, morality, and interludes
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church plays, mystery plays, interludes, morality plays, elizabethan plays
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T/F: the elizabethan stage is famous for its elaborate scenery.
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false
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T/F: most elizabethan drama productions begin at sunset.
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false
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T/F: elizabethan drama had no actresses.
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true
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T/F: elizabethan costuming was frequently inconsistent with the historical setting of a play.
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true
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T/F: an elizabethan theater is almost identical to a modern-day american theater.
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false
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T/F: the globe was the first english playhouse.
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false
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T/F: elizabethan actors did not enjoy favorable reputations.
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true
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T/F: shakespeare was born in London.
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false
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T/F: shakespeare was both an actor and a playwright.
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true
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T/F: shakespeare's english in closer to medieval english than modern english.
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false
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provides background information and introduces setting and characters
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exposition
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builds suspense as the hero encounters conflicts and gains control over his opponent
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rising action
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the turning point of the play; the hero loses his control to the opposing force
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climax
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portrays various stages in the hero's downfall
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falling action
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the conclusion that presents the final disaster
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catastrophe
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another word for catastrophe
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denouement
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the incident that starts the conflict, or struggle, between two opposing interests.
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exciting force
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the event that closely follows the climax and starts the falling action
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tragic force
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the final disaster of a tragedy is
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inevitable
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the purposed of tragedy is to _____ the audience
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calm
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T/F: analysis is determining what the writer says
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false
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T/F: the greatest support for a critic's opinion depends on evidence from text
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true
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T/F: evaluation is determining the worth of the literary work
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true
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T/F: the first step in writing a critical essay is to select the topic
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false
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T/F: the main support for a critic's opinion should be detailed evidence from the text.
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true
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T/F: all elizabethan sonneteers used the same rhyme schemes.
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false
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T/F: poetry and short stories are examples of creative writing.
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true
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T/F: tragedy is intended to be depressing.
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false
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T/F: the crusades stimulated trade, banking, the growth of cities, and the rise of the middle class.
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true
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T/F: the pearl is a fourteenth-centruy elegy containing a dream vision.
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true
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the least like poetry in form, sound, and purpose, is the
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parable
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letters of the alphabet are used to indicate
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the rhyme scheme of a sonnet
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the approach to criticism that determines what the writer said is
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interpretation
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the character hamlet who is best characterized as shrewd and concerned about outward appearances is...
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polonius
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hamlet's tragic flaw is...
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his inability to make and act on decisions
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sir frances bacon was an elizabethan...
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essayist
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the elizabethan stage was characterized by the presence of...
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costumes
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chancre's holy blissful martyr was...
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thomas a becket
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the monster slain by beowulf was...
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grendel
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all sonnets have the same number of lines; that number is...
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14
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the rhythm pattern of a sonnet is called...
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iambic pentameter
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an elizabethan sonneteer, other than shakespeare, who wrote love sonnets is...
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sidney
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the name of the theater with which shakespeare is usually associated with is...
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the globe
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the father of english history is...
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bede
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middle english dialect used by chaucer was the _________ dialect used in London.
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southeast midland
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five different groups of people who have influenced anglo-saxon england are...
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normans, romans, danes, celts, germans
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the telling of actions and incidents in a story is called...
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narration
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what event resulted in great and economical changes?
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the beginning of the industrial revolution
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what event indicates that a different type of reading public was emerging?
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when periodicals started coming out
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in 1660 when john milton was arrested, fined, and imprisoned for his role in cromwell's government, who was king?
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charles II
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when the puritan john bunyan was jailed in 1660, what was happening to many puritans?
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laws were acting against them
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why did the tory jonathan swift lose his political position at court in 1714?
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all tories were dismissed as the whigs became more powerful
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when oliver goldsmith complained join his poem the deserted village that greedy traders and landowners were destroying the rural poor, what had happened to the british empire?
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it had expanded and gotten stronger to include canada and india
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the poet of the victorian era was
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elizabeth barrett browning
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the victorian era contrasted (2)
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prosperity and poverty
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the first serious work of the romantic movement was a collection of poems called...
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rime of the ancient mariner by samuel coleridge
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poetry that has no rhyme or definite rhythm is...
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blank verse
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the rhyme scheme used by shelley in which first and third lines rhyme and the final sound of the second line establishes the rhyme for the first and third lines of the following stanza is called...
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terza rime
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what two events sparked the romantic revolution?
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french revolution, industrial revolution
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the five characteristics of romantic poetry...
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nature, supernatural, simplicity, personal experience, individual dignity
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what prompted the philosophical revolution as a basis for romanticism?
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political and economical changes in england
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what was the first serious publication as a result of the romantic revolution?
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the lyrical ballads by william wordsworth and samuel taylor coleridge
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T/F: before 1807 wordsworth wrote most of the romantic poetry for which he is famous.
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true
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T/F: the five "Lucy" poems are about wordsworth's sister.
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false
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T/F: "My heart leaps up" is written in the educated language of the English aristocracy.
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false
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T/F: "tintern abbey" tells of wordsworth's thoughts when he returns to the wye valley in wales.
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true
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in addition to his career as a poet, coleridge was also a noted... (3)
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critic, essayist, playwright
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coleridge presented his theories of poetry in a book called
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biographia literia
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the subject matter in coleridge's best known works is
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supernatural
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three byronic poems
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don juan, childe harold's pilgrimage, the destruction of sennacherib
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T/F: keats tried to achieve emotional restraint and imaginative discipline in his poetry.
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true
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T/F: keat's poetry reflects his dogomatic views on society's ills
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false
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T/F: "when i have fears" is quite personal because it speaks of death, and keats suspected his own death was near.
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true
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T/F: "ode on a grecian urn" talks of society's preoccupation with trivial things.
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false
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T/F: keats poetry is often a celebration of beauty.
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true
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scientific theories of the victorian era caused confusion for the people and they came to believe (3)...
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to live in doubt, to reject science completely, or to abandon their faith completely
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the poor had little power because...
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they were not allowed to vote
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four women writers of the victorian era were...
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elizabeth barrett, mary ann evans, emily bronte, and charlotte bronte
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william make peace thackeray differed from charles dickens in the subjects of his novel because thackeray wrote...
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about the advantage of the middle class, he tried to expose the inequalities and hypocrisies of society
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T/F: tennyson's poetry is best characterized by his ambivalence.
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true
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T/F: tennyson wrote "break, break, break" in anticipation of his own death.
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false
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T/F: tennyson's works reflect a concern with the function of art.
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true
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T/F: In "crossing the bar," tennyson compares he soul's journey toward god to a ship's voyage.
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true
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T/F: the bar in "crossing the bar" refers to a violent storm that might stop the ship's journey to open waters
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false
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browning was criticized for self-worship by a critic names...
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john stuart mill
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the criticism occurred because browning had modeled his poetry after...
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shelley
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browning abandoned his former poetic style in favor of a new style called the...
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dramatic monologue
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browning's poetry and character development reveal his brilliant insights into human (2)...
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character and motivation
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"Pippa Passes" is an unusual poetic form known as the...
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poetic drama
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T/F: elizabeth barrett's poetry often advocated changes in child labor, slavery, and the unequal status of women.
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true
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T/F: "sonnets from the portuguese" is a collection of forty-four sonnets about italy's social ills.
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false
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T/F: robert browning shared his wife's poems with the world.
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true
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T/F: elizabeth barrett suffered from an unknown disease.
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false
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T/F: elizabeth barrett's fame did not depend on her husband, robbert browning.
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true
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hopkins was to always considered a victorian poet because
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his poems were not published during the victorian period
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hopkins poetry id primarily _________ in theme.
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religious
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the rhythm hopkins uses in "God's Grandeur" is called...
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sprung rhythm
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hopkins believed that the rhythm more closely resembled...
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actual speech
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the theme of "God's Grandeur" is...
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his concern for the glory of God contrasted by the failure of people to a knowledge it
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T/F: the philosophy of romanticism was a concern for the rights and dignity of the individual
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true
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T/F: wordsworth and coleridge were similar in their personalities and poetic styles
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false
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T/F: bunion's writing was formed by his experience in reading the Bible.
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true
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T/F: jonathan swift wrote for the causes of england
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false
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T/F: the english language is based on greek
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false
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T/F: "don juan" comments upon the hypocrisies and pretensions of the world.
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true
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the exciting force of hamlet is...
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the ghost's first appearance to hamlet
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the climax of hamlet is...
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hamlets passing up his best opportunity to kill claudius
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in his poetry, kets attempted to ...
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achieve emotional restraint and imaginative discipline
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the victorian era presented a contrast between...
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prosperity and poverty
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the personal error or character weakness that causes the hero's downfall in a tragedy is called...
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tragic flaw
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john milton's paradise lost...
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explores the mysteries of heaven and hell
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gulliver's travels is a satirein which the houyhnhnms...
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cause gulliver to hate himself and other humans
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english drama had its origins in _____ plays.
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church
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poetry differs from prose in its (2)...
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form and rhythm
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robert browning's poeti style is called...
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dramatic monologue
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the scientific study of words used to determine meaning is called...
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semantics
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why is pilgrim's progress considered a christian work?
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a person's journey through life to heaven
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what was a frequent theme in anglo-saxon literature, such as the "wanderer" or the "seafarer"?
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life is transitory, passing. things of the world are not as important as things of God
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why is an outline essential to any type of writing?
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it is an organizing structure that helps the writer to see his material, his organization. serves as a guide to logical, concise writing.
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beginning
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advent
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a story in which people, things, and events, represent abstract ideas or moral values
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allegory
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out of proper historical time
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anachronistic
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belonging to an earlier period; antiquated
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archaic
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a mockery of exaggerated literary imitation
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burlesque
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in the germanic system, the relationship between a leader and his retainer or a king and his lord
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comitatus
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helpful; tending to
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conducive
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pertaining to a formal poem; a meditation on a serious subject, usually on death
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elegiac
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to heighten; to intensify
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enhance
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a long narrative poem, national in scope, heroic in action and character
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epic
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an anonymous song passed on through the oral tradition; several four-line stanzas written in iambic pentameter
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folk ballad
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to give lasting fame to something or someone, especially through art forms
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immortalize
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to force; to inflict
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impose
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a conflict in which the opposing force is character himself; opposite of "external conflict" in which the opposing force exists outside the character
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internal conflict
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a double metaphor, usually hyphenated. example "swan-road" for sea
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kenning
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forms of ritual or public worship
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liturgy
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type of religious order that taught and ministered to the poor
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mendicant
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a forerunner of the novel; short prose story
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novella
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concisely full of meaning
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pithy
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shrewd; doing what is best for oneself
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politic
question
to put forth; to assert
answer
pose
question
to be victorious; to triumph
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prevail
question
continuous series
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sequence
question
subtle
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artful
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theorize
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to speculate
question
using the language of one's native country
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vernacular
