English Literature Clep Answers – Flashcards
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Old English
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A time in history where literature was written to foster bravery and promote heroic deeds.
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Middle English
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A time in history where literature was written to promote knightly ideals that stabilized social hierarchy.
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Renaissance
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A time in history where literature was written to entertain through stage plays, comedies, and histories.
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Augustan Period
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A time in history where literature was written for the emerging middle class. Manuscripts were made accessible through the invention of the printing press.
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Romantic Period
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A time in history where literature was written mainly in flowery poetry while promoting individualism.
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Victorian Period
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A time in history where literature was written for a secularized society.
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Modern Period
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A time in history where literature was written to produce literary "art". New criticism established.
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Postmodern Period
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A time in history where literature was written for ideological aims.
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Close Reading
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Following a text closely and making your own decisions about that text.
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Denotation
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The accepted meaning of a word.
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Connotation
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The significance of a word through association.
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Tone
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The author's mood in a text.
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Diction
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Choice of words or utterance.
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Imagery
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______ enables writers to show events and relationships.
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Concrete Term
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A term for anything tangible.
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Figurative Language
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Language that is meant to mean something other than what it literally means.
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Metaphor
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A term that is used figuratively to represent something that isn't actually there.
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Simile
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A figurative comparison between two things.
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Canon
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English Standard. Helps preserve quality. Contains the greatest literary achievements in the western world.
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Mystification
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The process of denying political values by misrepresenting them as natural ideals.
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Ode
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A song made up of three parts: strophe, antistrophe, and epode.
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Sappho of Lesbos
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Teacher of a school for girls. Wrote love poetry to her favorite students.
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Panegyric
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Poem that praises others for their achievements.
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John Keats
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Wrote "Ode to a Nightingale" and "Ode on a Grecian Urn."
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Apostrophe
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The direct address to something that is not alive.
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Genre
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Organizing and categorizing.
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Pindaric Odes
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Odes that focus of worldly achievement.
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Structuralism
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Organizing internally.
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Signifier
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A word that refers to something else.
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Deconstruction
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The view that language is "unstable".
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Trace
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Things that are absent from, yet suggested by a text.
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Differance
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The belief that you can't locate a fixed, stable meaning in any one place.
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Aporia
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The absence of meaning/many possible meanings.
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Presence
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The belief that stable meaning is located within a text.
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Ideology
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Shared made up beliefs.
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Virginia Woolf
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A woman who wrote about woman's rights. Wrote stream of consciousness novels.
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Multiculturalism
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Different cultures within the society.
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Abstraction
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Anything that isn't tangible.
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Metonym
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Uses an attribute of a thing to stand for the thing itself (Paw=cat, etc.)
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Onomatopeoia
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Words that sound like what they mean.
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Prosody of Versification
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Features that account for the sound and structure of a verse.
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Meter
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Rhythmic Structure.
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Stanza
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A repeaed pattern of lines and rhymes.
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Rhyme Scheme
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The pattern of rhymes in a stanza.
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Assonance
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The repetition of vowel sounds.
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Alliteration
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The repetition of consonant sounds.
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Iambic Pentameter
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A poem with 5 beats per line.
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Iamb
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A beat with non-stressed, then stressed syllables (U/)
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Trochee
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A beat with stressed, and then non-stressed syllables (/U).
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Anapest
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A beat with two non-stressed syllables, then one stressed (UU/).
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Dactyl
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A beat with one stressed syllable, and then two non-stressed (/UU)
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Spondee
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A beat with two stressed syllables (//)
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Pyrrhic
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A beat with two non-stressed syllables.
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Caesura
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A break in a line of verse.
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Blank verse
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Un-rhymed iambic pentameter lines.
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John Milton
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_____ wrote the famous epic poem "Paradise Lost", which he wrote in blank verse.
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Free verse
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No fixed meter with some rhyming lines.
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Sophocles
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Wrote the plays Oedipus and Antigone.
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Euripides
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Wrote the plays Alcestic and Medea.
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Aeschylus
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Wrote Prometheus and Agamemnon.
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Mimesis
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Imitation of something else.
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Catharsis
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The purging of emotions by attending a tragedy play.
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Hamartia
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The flaw of the protagonist.
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Allegory
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An extended metaphor used in a dramatic narrative.
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Masques
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Shows with music, dancing, and a little plot (The very first musical theater or opera).
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George Bernard Shaw
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Wrote satirical drama informed by socialist ideas. Wrote "Mrs. Warren's Confession".
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Plot
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Pattern of events.
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Characterization
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Personality
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Perspective
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Position of the narrator.
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Epic Simile
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Extended comparison.
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Rhetoric
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The art of persuasion.
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Accismus
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The pretended refusal of something that you want.
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Anacoluthon
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A sentence that changes structure in the middle.
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.Anadiplosis
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A repetition of a word at the end, and at the beginning of a sentence.
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Chiasmus
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A verbal pattern in two parts.
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Hyperbole
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A grand exaggeration.
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Polyptoton
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A construction that brings together different grammical forms.
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Syllepsis
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The use of a single word in two sentences at once.
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Hagiography
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The study of sounds.
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Essay
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A way of organizing information. Originated from Michael de Montaigne
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Typology
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The study of biblical symbolism.
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Geoffery Chaucer
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Wrote the Canterbury Tales. Emphasized syllabic meter.
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Edmund Spencer
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Wrote the Faerie Queen (written about queen Elizabeth).
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Deism
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The belief that God watches us from afar.
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Secularization
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During the 19th century people looked for ways to get rid of the presence of God in their lives. (people choose to ignore Him). This is known as....?
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Oral Poetry
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People used _____ to tell stories before people began writing stories down.
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Vunerable Bede
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Wrote "Ecclesiastical History of the English People" telling about the first english poet, Caedmon.
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Kenning
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A figurative stock phrase used to describe things in Old English.
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Snorri Sturluson
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Wrote Heinskringia about norse mythology. Developed kennings.
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Kend Heiti
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A literal interpretation of an object instead of figurative (kenning).
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Bard
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Old English minstrel.
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Sir Thomas Malory
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Wrote LeMorte d'Arthur and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Wrote some of the best Arthurian romances in the middle ages.
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The Canterbury Tales
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A story about a group of pilgrims all over England gathering to travel to the cathedral where Thomas Becket was murdered. Along the way, the pilgrims tell tales that reflect Christian values and morals.
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Cycles
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The combination of different author's books into one work.
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The Divine Comedy
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A story written by Dante. The story illustrates Virgil the poet guiding the writer to hell, while the writer's love, Beatrice tries to guide him to heaven.
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Ovid
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Wrote "Metamorphosis" where a god tries to pursue a mountain nymph.
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Florentine Petrarch
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Created a model for writers to express their goals and love.
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Spenserian Stanza
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When a line of poetry lasts one iamb longer.
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Metaphysical
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The bizarre use of a metaphor.
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Cavalier
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Smooth elegance.
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John Dome
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Writes with outrageous challenges about wisdom, love, and morality.
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Corpus
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The body of Shakespeare's work.
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First Folio
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The first collection of Shakespeare's work.
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Jonathan Swift
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Satirist. Wrote "Tale of the Tub", and "Gulliver's Travels".
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Verisimilitude
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The semblance of truth.
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Epistolary Novel
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A novel made up of correspondence between characters.
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Samuel Richardson
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Created the "epistolary novel". Wrote "Pamela, virtue rewarded".
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William Wordsworth
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Helped give english romanticism secure footing with his lyrical ballads. Writes about nature and humanity. Redefined the purpose of poetry.
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George Gordan Lord Byron
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Wrote satires about romance and prosperity like "Jon Juan".
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Ann Radcliffe
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Wrote the gothic novel "Mysteries of Udolpho".
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Bildungsroman
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A novel that traces a child's development to maturity (like David Copperfield or Great Expectations).
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Stream of Consciousness Novel
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A novel tracing a character's thoughts and feelings.
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Samuel Becket
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Wrote "Waiting for Godot".
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Pluralism
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The view that there is more than one way of thinking.
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Relativism
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The belief that there is no set of underlying truth.
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Theodor Adorno
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_______ Believes that mass culture has a bad indluence on the society.
