English 101: Toleration, Consensus, and Understanding
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Argument
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For the purposes of this course, is any text-in written, spoken, or visual form, that presents a debatable point of view.
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Arguments
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are based upon ideas that are open to dispute.
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Arguments
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are about who wins or who loses.
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Some purposes of arguments
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include exploring a topic, achieving consensus, and clarifying positions.
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Honest and truthful arguments
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though difficult to achieve, is essential to the health of democracy and of nations around the world.
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Some arguments
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are conducted solely to explore a topic and increase understanding of an issue.
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A valid argument
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can produce toleration, consensus, and understanding,
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Argument are not always
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intended to change what another person thinks or believes.
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Argument is a process
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of reasoning that presents reasons or proofs to support a position, belief, or conclusion.
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Argumentative essays
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must be rational, reflecting a process of logical thinking
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The Toulmin Model
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of argument includes claim, reason, and warrant.
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Evidence, Claims, and Warrants
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Preposition
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is another term for claim.
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Grounds
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are the reasons, support, and evidence offered to support a claim.
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Evidence
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can be made up of facts, statistics, accepted opinions, and personal experiences.
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Evidence
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is the reason offered to support the major proposition.
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Empirical
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evidence is based upon observation and experiment.
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A fact
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can be taken as verifiable and is believed to be based upon objective reality.
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Opinions
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are subjective; facts are not.
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Warrants
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are rules, beliefs, or principles underlying an argument.
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Warrants
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are the rules, beliefs, or principles underlying an argument.
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Warrants
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are the assumptions that make a claim appear to be believable.
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Warrants
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are the connections between a claim and its supporting reasons.
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A claim
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is the main idea of an argument.
