ENG 1030 – Flashcard
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Having the resources, information, and attitudes that lead to action in achieving a desired goal is
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Empowerment
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Which of the following skills learned in a public-speaking class are among the skills most sought after by an employer?
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Ethically adapting info to listeners Organizing ideas Persuading others Holding listener's attention
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According to several recent studies quoted in your text, the most important skills employers are seeking in college graduates are
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Good speaking and presentation skills
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An example of how the nonverbal communication of public speakers is more formal than nonverbal behavior in ordinary conversation is that people engaged in ordinary conversation
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Gesture spontaneously
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One way public speaking and conversation are similar is that both are
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Audience centered
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In his speech about volunteering for The American Red Cross, Jacob used a lot of slang words, sat and leaned on the table in front of the class, and was dressed very casually. Which of the following statements best describes this situation?
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Jacob ignored the rule that public speaking is more formal than conversation
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Translating ideas and images in the speaker's mind into verbal or nonverbal messages that an audience can understand is termed
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Encoding
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During a speech, an audience member stands up and asks a question, to everyone's surprise. According to your text, is the audience member's behavior appropriate?
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No, the audience member did not maintain clearly defined roles of speaker and listener
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An audience member is worried about an upcoming exam and is unlikely to remember much of what the speaker says. This is a type of
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Internal noise
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A speaker transmits a message through two channels
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Visual and auditory
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If you have had previous experience in public speaking, you tend to be less sensitive to apprehension, and you have a lower heart rate when speaking, what is likely to be your style of communication apprehension?
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Insensitive
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With this style of communication apprehension, you have the highest heart rate when speaking publicly; some people use this high level to enhance their performance and use the fear to motivate them to prepare and be at their best.
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Inflexible
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What style of communication apprehension do you have if, like many people, you have a very high heart rate as you begin presenting a speech, and then your heart rate tapers off to more average levels?
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Confrontational
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Most speakers who procrastinate in preparing their seeches
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Will feel more speaker apprehension
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Which of the following is NOT a true comment about the intro in relation to managing nervousness and anxiety?
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You should memorize your introduction word for word.
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When speakers tense and relax their muscles while waiting for their turn to speak, without calling attention to what they are doing, this reflects a strategy of coping with nervousness your text refers to
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Channeling your nervous energy
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Looking over her speech, Wendi was pleased with her topic, how well the speech was outlined and organized, and the number of sources she had to share. Should these items be the central focus of this speech?
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No; in public speaking the central focus should be the listeners
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The primary objective of class lectures, seminars, and workshops is to
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Inform
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After dinner speeches and comic monologues are mainly intended to
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Entertain
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In his speech about voting trends, Michael cited recent statistics, but made no attempt to appeal the audience's sense of patriotism or to encourage them to vote more regularly. What is Michael's general purpose in this speech?
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To inform
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At the beginning of his outline, Ambrose wrote, "Changing a flat tire can be accomplished in five simple steps." This statement is an example of
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Central idea
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What aspect of speech preparation contains the one-sentence summary or the essence of your message?
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Central idea
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If the central idea is "There are three ways to interpret the stock-market page of your newspaper," and you organize the speech into three parts, which method are you using to generate the main ideas?
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Logical divisions
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The process of relating abstract concepts or statistics to something concrete
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Will help communicate the ideas more clearly to the audience
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The purpose of an intro is
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To get the audience's attention and provide an overview
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Reggie had a speech to prepare. He selected a topic, did his research, and sat down to draft the speech. He outlined the main points first and added the intro and conclusion later. Is this a "textbook" way to organize a speech?
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Yes; your text suggests to start with the body of the speech first, then go back and draft the intro
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Jason had thoroughly researched his speech on the art of tattooing. When presenting his speech to the class, he had to read from his outline and became nervous and anxious. Which of the following statements best pertains to this situation?
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Jason didn't rehearse his speech aloud and on his feet.
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Our beliefs, values, and moral principles by which we determine what is right or wrong are our
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Ethics
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According to the National Communication Association, this is fundamental to responsible thinking, decision making, and the development of relationships and communities within and across contexts, cultures, channels, and media. This is
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Ethical communication
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This type of speech or speech act is protected
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Free speech
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When a person decides not to over estimate or falsify an insurance claim just to have the extra money, this action is based on the individuals
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Code of ethics
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The US Constitution states, "Congress shall make no law... Abridging the freedom of speech." This is part of the
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First amendment
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In the 1950s, Senator Joseph McCarthy convinced the American public that communists were infiltrating every aspect of their lives by
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Distorting the truth and manipulating emotions
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Speakers who bring in false claims and tug at the emotions of the audience, instead of using sound evidence and logical arguments, are examples of
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Unethical speakers
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While researching Gabe found a tragic story about a young girl who died from drunk driving accident.In presenting his speech, Gabe told the story as if this girl was his sister. The speech was quite moving and afterward everyone told Gabe how sorry they were for his family. At this time, he told them it wasn't really his sister but thought that telling it that way was more effective for this speech. Why is this unethical?
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Gabe violated an ethical principle that speakers need to be honest.
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Lifting key passages from sources you do not credit in your speech is an unethical practice known as
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Plagarism
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When citing your sources orally in a speech, you should
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State briefly the author, title, and year
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With regard, to those gray areas of ethics pertaining to the use of sources in a speech, your textbook suggests
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When in doubt document all of your sources in a speech
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Marty is having a problem coming up with an idea for a speech. He knows his fraternity keeps files of old tests, papers, and speeches and decided to look through those for an idea. He likes a speech so much that he decideds to use it largely intact but goes to the internet to update his sources. Which of the following statements best describes this situation.
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This is an ethical violation know as plagarism
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In a speech on breast cancer, you decide to use the latest info from the National Breast Cancer Foundation website. What is the proper way to cite this source in your speech?
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"The National Breast Cancer Foundation in 2004 stated..."
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The first step in an intro is
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To get the audience's attention
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In an intro, proximity is
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the degree to which the info affects the audience directly
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Dana opens her speech against abortion by putting up a picture that shows a graphic image of an aborted fetus. Is this an effective opening?
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No; this type of graphic material may disgust and repel the audience
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According to the authors, the most obvious purpose that you must accomplish in a speech intro is
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To introduce the subject of your speech
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Credibility is
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the attitude the listeners hold toward the speaker
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In the intro, a good way to establish your credibility is to
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Be well prepared and confident
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This signpost may enumerate the ideas and points that will be presented in the speech. It's known as
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Preview
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A speaker who describes his/ her main points as part of the intro is utilizing a
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Specific purpose statement
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In an intro, you may ask ask a question that doesn't require a response but makes the audience think about your topic. This a ____ question.
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Rhetorical
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The statement, "This is a great day, because so many people from so many walks of life..." is an example of and intro device referred to
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A historical event
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In the speech just before Jerome, the speaker covered some material that Jerome was going to use in his speech on golf. Instead of letting this throw him, Jerome acknowledged the overlap in his intro. Was this a wise thing to do?
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Yes; Jerome used an attention-getting, credibility-building device known as a reference to a proceeding speech
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What should a speech conclusion do?
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It should summarize the main ideas
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terms like finally, in conclusion, and in closing are examples of devides
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That provide closure for a speech
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Reemphasizing the central idea in a memorable way, moving an audience to action, and providing closure are all functions of the
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Speech conclusion
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In intro to her speech about eating disorders, Sheila told the story of her friend who almost died of anorexia. In her conclusion, she reminded her audience of what her friend went through and explained that her friend was currently doing well in her battle against the disease. Was this an appropriate strategy for her speech?
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Yes; this is a concluding strategy called reference to the intro
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Writing down your main ideas, subpoints, and supporting material, then using geometric shapes and arrows to indicate logical relationships is a technique known as
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Mapping
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The speaker's outline which contains the specific purpose, the intro, all main ideas with supporting material, and a conclusion is the
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Preparation outline
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Conventional use of numbered and lettered heading and subheadings to indicate the relationships among parts of the speech is known as
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Standard outline form
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What is the major benefit of using standard outline form?
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It points out relationships between ideas and supporting material
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In an outline, Roman numerals are used to indicate the
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Main ideas
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When using indentation in an outline, indent to
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The letter or Roman numeral of the point above
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Before presenting your speech in front of a full audience you practice and discover that your speech is too long. What should you do?
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Edit the speech by reviewing the specific purpose-- you may be trying to accomplish too much in the speech
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When should a speaker edit his/ her speech?
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As the speaker is practicing from the preparation outline and discovers that there is too much info
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The delivery outline should
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Be brief and have speaking notes
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Bernard is rehearsing a class demonstration speech that he has to present in two days. As he rehearses from his delivery outline, he continues to revise the outline. Is this kind of revision advisable?
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Yes; this kind of revision of the delivery outline is expected and helpful during rehearsal
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What tip does your textbook suggest regarding the use of speaking notes?
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Type or print info so that it can be read easily
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When it comes to public speaking, above all else, people expect good
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Delivery
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What is most important when a speaker is communicating emotional feelings, attitudes, and dislikes to an audience?
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Nonverbal communication
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in a public speaking situation, the speaker should pay attention to how emotions are communicated when delivering a speech because the emotions are catchy. This is explained by the
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Emotional contagion theory
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In a crowded arena, you notice that when others laugh, clap, or cheer on the speaker, you are more likely to follow their actions. This is an example of
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Emotional contagion theory
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Which of the following president delivered his first State of the Union address as an impromptu speech because the wrong speech was on the teleprompter?
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Bill Clinton
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When asked to deliver a speech at the last moment, the type of delivery style you will use is called ____ speaking
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Impromptu
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Delivering a speech in a conversational style from a well-developed and researched outline is termed as a
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Extemporaneous speaking
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The ability to monitor your audience's response and adjust your message accordingly is a benefit of good
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Eye conact
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A minister pounds his fist on the podium when he says the words sin and evil. What function does this form of nonverbal communication serve?
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Emphasizing
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Several studies have determined that the most effective teachers in North America
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Are the ones who stand closer to their students
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The way you carry your body in front of the audience is called
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Posture
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Words such as dint, gunna, and wanna are all examples of poor
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Articulation
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A consistent style of pronouncing words that are common to an ethnic group or geographic region is
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Dialect
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An attitude that one's own culture approaches are superior to those of other cultures is termed as
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Ethnocentrism
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In a speech with the general purpose to inform, a speaker's goal is
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To teach new info
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When trying to help the audience make sense of the info being presented, the goal of the speaker should be to
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Enhance understanding, gain interest, and ensure that the audience will rememeber what was said
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When a speaker shows the audience that the info presented will affect them directly, he or she is fulfilling which goal of informative speaking?
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To maintain interest
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An informative speech that discusses anything you can see or touch is a speech about
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Objects
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An informative speech that discusses how something works, or describes a process with a particular outcome, is a speech about
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Procedures
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Phyllis presented an informative speech on how to fix a flat tire. What type of informative speech was this?
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A speech about a procedure
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Roberto gave an informative speech about the life and artistic accomplishments of Andy Warhol. What type of informative speech did Roberto deliver?
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A speech about people
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Seth decided to resent his informative speech on the origins and development of the Mardi Gras parades. What type of informative speech did Seth present?
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A speech about an event
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An informative speech about an event typically follows this arrangement.
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Chronological
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When previewing your speech on Islam, you say, "The best way to understand Islam is to look at some of the beliefs and practices f this religion." You will be giving a speech about
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An idea
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The art and science of teaching children is called
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Pedagogy
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This term means comparisons and is usually good for giving listeners the big picture before going into great detail.
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Analogies.
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David decided to present his informative speech on how to give the Heimlich maneuver. He opened with a story. David was targeting which of the goals of informative speaking with this statement?
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Motivating the audience to listen by telling a story
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Montriece talked to high school seniors and their parents. Why would this be a good opening for this audience?
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Because he established a motive for the audience to listen further
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In a speech to a group of high school juniors, Tori talked about how college changed her life. Tori made her speech interesting by
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Telling a story that had conflict and suspense
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The audience's perception of a speaker's competence, trustworthiness, and dynamism is termed
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Credibility
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What is Aristotle's term for speaker credibility?
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Ethos
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As a Roman teacher of public speaking, Quint felt that effective public speakers should be
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People of good character
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The type of credibility established by giving careful thought to your appearance, establishing eye contact, and having your credentials as well as accomplishments presented to the audience is known as
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Initial credibility
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The term Aritotle used to refer to using evidence and reasoning to reach a conclusion is
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Logos
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The process of changing or reinforcing a listener's attitudes, beliefs, values, or behavior is
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Persuasion
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Our likes and dislikes are represented by our
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Attitudes
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With an informative speech the speaker informs about potential options available to the audience; persuasive speakers on the other hand
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Asks the audience to make an explicit choice
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Persuasion is the process of
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Changing or reinforcing attitudes, beliefs, and values
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In the process of persuading your audience, the most difficult to change is your listeners'
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Values
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The underlying internal force that drives us to achieve our goals is
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Motivation
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Matt is listening to a persuasive speech on assisted suicide. He begins to feel uncomfortable but then decides the speaker didn't know what she was talking about. Matt is using which dissonance coping strategy?
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He is discrediting the source
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The personal need to achieve our highest potential is
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Self actualization
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Maslow's hierarchy of needs asserts that basic human needs must be satisfied before listeners can be motivated using any higher needs. These basic needs are
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Physiological
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Although Betsy lives in a state where carrying concealed weapons is legal, she ants to persuade her listeners that stricter handgun legislation should be passed. According to Maslow, which need is she addressing?
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Safety
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Brendan argues about starving people and clean water. What principle of persuasive speaking is Brendan effectively utilizing?
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The principle that basic needs must be satisfied before higher-level ones
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Knowing what your listeners value or need and appealing to those values or needs is known in persuasion as
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Positive motivation
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When Jeri tries to persuade to take action against corporations who pollute community waterways, she is appealing to
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Listeners' security and safety needs
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Tiphani says "So, by using these simple steps, you will save time, money, and energy." What form of persuasive appeal is this?
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An appeal to positive motivation
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The statement, "Osama Bin Laden was responsible for the 9/11 tragedy," is a proposition of
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Fact
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Janet saw on the news a house fire. She said tragedy can avoided by installing a smoke detector. Janet was using which kind of proposition as her central idea?
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Proposition of policy
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In a persuasive speech, the speaker explicitly asks the audience to make a choice, rather than just informing them of the options.
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True
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Persuasion is the process of changing or reinforcing listener's attitudes, beliefs, values, or behavior.
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True
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Beliefs are the most deeply ingrained of the three dispositions.
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False, values are most reinforced
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Trying to change an audience's attitude is easier than attempting to change its values.
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True
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Beliefs and/ or values are easier to change than attitudes.
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False
