Endocrine System Study Guide – Flashcards
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Hypothalamus
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Hormone: Anti-diuretic hormone Target Organ: Kidney Principle Effect: Water retention
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Anterior Lobe of Pituitary
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Hormones: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Luteinizing Hormone
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Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
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Target Organ: thyroid gland Principle Effect: growth of thyroid and secretion of TH
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Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone
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Target Organ: adrenal cortex Principle Effect: growth of adrenal cortex, secretion of glucocorticoids
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Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
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Target Organ: gonads Principle Effect: sperm production, growth of ovarian follicles and secretion of estrogen
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Luteinizing Hormone
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Target Organ: gonads Principle Effect: ovulation, maintanence of corpus luteum, testosterone and estrogen secretion
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Posterior Lobe of Pituitary
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Stores and releases anti-diuretic hormone
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Pineal
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Hormone: Melatonin Target Organ: brain Principle Effect: influences mood, sleep cycle, and circadian rhythms
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Thyroid
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Hormone: thyroid hormone Target Organ: most tissues Principle Effect: increase metabolism and heat
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Parathyroid
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Hormone: parathyroid hormone Target Organ: bone, kidneys, small intestine Principle Effect: increase blood calcium levels by resorption and decreasing urinary excretion of calcium
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Thymus
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Hormone: Thymosin Target Organ: t lymphocytes Principle Effect: stimulate t cell development and activity
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Pancreas
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Hormone: Insulin Target Organ: most tissues Principle Effect: stimulate glucose uptake, decrease blood sugar Hormone: glucagon Target Organ: liver Principle Effect: stimulate gluconeogenesis, release glucose into circulation
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Adrenal Cortex
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Hormones: Aldosterone Cortisol Androgens Estrogens
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Aldosterone
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Target Organ: kidney Principle Effect: promotes Na+ retention and K+ excretion, maintain blood pressure and volume
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Cortisol
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Target Organ: most tissues Principle Effect: stimulate fat and protein catabolism, gluconeogenesis, stress resistance
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Androgens
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Target Organ: bone, muscle, integument Principle Effect: growth of pubic and axillary hair, bone growth, sex drive
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Estrogens
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Target Organ: many tissues of mother and fetus Principle Effect: stimulate fetal development, preparation for lactation
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Adrenal Medulla
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Hormone: Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Target Organ: most tissues Principle Effect: adaptive responses to arousal and stress
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Ovaries
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Hormone: inhibin Target Organ: anterior pituitary Principle Effect: inhibits FSH secretion Hormone: Progesterone Target Organ: uterus, mammary glands Principle Effect: regulates menstrual cycle and pregnancy, preparation for lactation
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Testes
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Hormone: inhibin Target Organ: anterior pituitary Principle Effect: inhibits FSH secretion Hormone: testosterone Target Organ: many tissues Principle Effect: stimulate reproductive development, skeletomuscular growth, sperm production, sex drive
