Elements General – Flashcards
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| Most expensive E |
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| Lutetium (Lu); oil refine industry |
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| Most reactive metal |
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| Francium (Fr) |
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| Most reactive nonmetal |
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| Fluorine (F) |
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| metal w/ lowest vapor pressure |
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| Tungsten (W) |
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| # of naturally occuring E |
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| 92 |
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| Diamond melt pt. |
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| 3600 C |
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| % CO2 in atmosphere |
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| .03% |
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| % O in atmosphere |
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| 21% |
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| catalytic activity measured in... |
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| kats |
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| pure gold = ___ carats |
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| 24 |
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| ___ mg= 1 karat? |
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| 200? |
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| hardest densest La |
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| Lutetium (Lu) |
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| highest neutron capture ability |
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| Gadolinium (Gd) |
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| Fissile elements (3) |
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| Uranium (U), Plutonium (Pu), Thorium (Th) |
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| Village of 4 Elements |
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| Ytterby, Sweeden (Ytttrium Y, Ytterbium Yb, Erbium Er, Terbium Tb) |
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| Top 2 highest magnetic strength |
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| Holmium (Ho), Dysprosium (Dy) |
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| Bronze |
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| 33% Tin (Sn) 66% Copper (Cu) |
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| Brass |
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| Cu + Zn |
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| Metal w/ lowest expansion factor |
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| Tungsten (W) |
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| 1 mol |
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| 6.02 * 10^23 |
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| Top 4 Densest E |
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| Osmium (Os), Iridium (Ir), Platinum (Pt), Rhenium (Re) |
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| Top 4 highest melting pt. Elements |
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| Tungsten (W), Carbon (C), Rhenium (Re), Tantalum (Ta) |
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| Liquid methane and ethanol pools on... |
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| Titan |
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| Highest Electronegativity |
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| Fluorine (F) |
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| Lowest Electronegativity |
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| Francium (Fr) |
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| Most corrosion resistant metal |
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| Iridium (Ir) |
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| Wood's metal |
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| Bi + Cd + Sn (+Pb?) |
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| Pewter |
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| 85% Sn, 7% Cu, 6% Bi, 2% Sb |
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| solder |
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| 67% Lead (Pb), 33% Tin (Sn) |
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| Greek fire |
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| stibnite (Sb sulfide) + saltpeter + crude oil |
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| gunpowder |
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| 75% potassium nitrate (KNO3), 15% charcoal, 10% Sulfur (S) |
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| Softest metal |
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| Cesium (Ce) |
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| Green flame test |
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| Boron (B) |
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| La top 2 abundance |
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| Cerium (Ce), Neodymium (Nd) |
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| 5 Ferromagnetic |
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| Fe, Ni, Co, Ga, Dy |
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| substance w/ highest thermal conductivity |
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| Helium 2; lambda pt 2k |
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| Radioactive metal discovery order (1st 2) |
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| Uranium (U), Thorium (Th) |
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| sky blue flame |
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| Cesium (Cs) |
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| gas w/ lowest boil pt |
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| Helium (He) |
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| 3 most abundant in universe |
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| H, He, O |
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| shrieks when bent |
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| Indium (In) |
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| top 3 elements in crust |
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| O, Si, Al (5th is Ca) |
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| lavendar flame |
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| Potassium (K) |
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| ___% of air = N |
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| 78% |
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| condenses to pale blue magnetic property liquid |
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| Oxygen (O) |
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| ammonia made via ____ process |
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| Haber |
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| nitroglycerine + kisselguhr = dynamite; made by _____ |
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| Nobel |
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| hardest metal carbide |
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| TiC |
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| blue tinged, 15% of stainless steel; the green in emerald |
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| Chromium (Cr) |
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| Pig Iron |
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| C, S, Si, Mn, P (Fe ore smelt w/ coke) |
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| heat red powder form = silver metal form |
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| Selenium (Se) |
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| yellow nonmetal or grey brittle metal form |
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| Arsenic (As) |
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| caused Napolean's death? |
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| Arsenic (As) |
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| 1st radioactive isotope used for medicine |
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| Ga-67 |
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| melts in hand and volume shrinks |
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| Bi, Sb, Ga |
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| in dead sea, bad for ozone, deep red |
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| Bromine (Br) |
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| in Mars' atmosphere |
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| Krypton (Kr) |
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| Nitric acid via ____ process |
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| Ostwald (for explosives) |
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| He abundance & mass in U |
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| 7% abundance, 23% mass |
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| least reactive E |
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| Neon (Ne) |
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| dating for rocks (2 E) |
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| Rb-Sr dating |
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| outsparkles diamond but weak |
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| Sr Titanate |
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| red highway warning flares |
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| Sr Salts |
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| 1-2-3 superconduct @ 93 K |
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| Y:Ba:Cu |
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| black powder or silver hard metal |
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| Zirconium (Zr) |
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| "columbium" until 1950 |
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| Niobium (Nb) |
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| in s-type stars |
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| Zirconium (Zr) |
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| Brazillian gold |
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| "worthless gold" Au, Ag & Pd |
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| absorbs 900x its volume of H |
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| Palladium (Pd) |
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| abundance in atmosphere earth (3) |
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| Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Argon (Ar) |
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| argon in atmospheres |
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| .9% abundance earth, 1.6% mars |
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| earth most abundant E |
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| Iron (Fe) |
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| 10% of core |
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| Nickel (Ni) |
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| Best elec. & heat conductivity |
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| Silver (Ag) |
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| substance liquid at widest temp. range |
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| Gallium (Ga) |
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| 1st E in transistors |
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| Germanium (Ge) |
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| 1st chem. industry |
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| alum production |
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| brightest line in elec. spectrum |
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| violet |
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| ___resembles Pb |
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| Antimony (Sb) |
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| mozart death? |
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| Antimony (Sb) Tartrate? |
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| ____ affinity for Au |
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| Tellurium (Te) |
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| bad breath, body odor |
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| dimethyl telluride |
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| what E associated w/ thyroid |
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| Iodine (I) |
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| burns blue flame |
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| Sulfur (S) |
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| Bright green flame |
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| Thallium (Tl) |
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| atomic clock |
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| Cs-133 (only naturally occuring isotope) |
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| Lanthanides Aka |
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| rare earth Elements |
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| Ce sulfide replaced___ |
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| Cadmium (Cd) red pigment |
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| Pr + Ni |
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| within 1/1000 degree of absolute 0 & in permanent magnets |
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| NIB magnets |
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| Nd + Fe + B cheap and powerful |
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| Sm + Co |
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| 10,000x Fe mag. power; overshadowed by NIB |
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| Ca Fluoride + Sm |
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| in lasers & masers (cut thru steel bounce off moon) |
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| high conc. in moon rock |
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| Y & Eu |
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| Te similar to ____ |
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| Se |
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| Nb similar to _____ |
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| Ta |
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| most reactive lanthanide |
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| Eu |
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| curie pt (lose magnetism) @ 20 C |
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| Gadolinium (Gd) |
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| magnetic strength called |
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| susceptibility |
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| color glass and enamel pink |
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| Erbium (Er) |
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| rarest Lanthanides (2) |
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| Promethium (Pm), Thulium (Tm) |
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| monitor shockwave of nuc. explosion |
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| 16000 atm semiconduct, 40000 atm reverses; Ytterbium (Yb) |
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| ____ difficult separate from Zr |
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| Halfnium (Hf) |
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| hardest material |
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| Ta Carbide |
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| last stable nonradioactive naturally occuring E discovered |
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| Rhenium (Re) |
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| 22 min. life, 2nd rarest E |
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| Francium (Fr) |
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| heaviest metal w/ stable nucleus |
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| Bismuth (Bi) |
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| rarest naturally occuring E |
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| Astatine (At) |
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| Highest melt pt - oxide |
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| 3300 C; Th oxide |
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| Last heaviest natural E |
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| Uranium (U) |
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| process isolate Mg from ocean |
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| Dow |
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| most diamagnetic metal |
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| Bismuth (Bi) |
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| metals (2) w/least thermal conductivity |
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| Mercury (Hg), Bismuth (Bi) |
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| 1st synthetic dye |
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| mauve |
