question

We follow communication rules even when we are not consciously aware of them

answer

True

question

People who communicate well have an advantage in their personal, social, and professional life

answer

True

question

Resistance is a response to social diversity that devalues other cultures

answer

True

question

Language consists of symbols.

answer

True

question

Communicating with other people promotes personal health.

answer

True

question

Being able to understand more than one group's ways of using language such as what is practiced by many Asian Americans, Mexican Americans, lesbians, gay men, and members of other groups that are simultaneously part of a dominant and a minority culture is known as

answer

Code Switching

question

Rachel is surprised when her friend Sarah consistently interrupts her while she is speaking. Rachel believes her friend should not continually disrupt her. Rachel's perception of her friend's behavior is based on a:

answer

Constitutive Rule

question

Given any typical day, how often does a person communicate?

answer

continually throughout the day

question

The process nature of communication means

answer

our interactions with others are ongoing and dynamic

question

The statement that communication is systemic means that

answer

the various parts affect each other

question

The study of communication is more than ____ years old.

answer

2500

question

According to Aristotle, the following is NOT a persuasive "proof":

answer

tanthos

question

Stuart has just started preparing a speech for his communication class. He has selected a topic and is thinking about the kind of arguments and evidence he might use in his speech. Stuart is focusing on which canon of public speaking?

answer

Invention

question

Ethos is proof based on logic and reasoning.

answer

True

question

Effective communication principles are the same across all cultures.

answer

False

question

Uses and gratification assumes that consumers of mass media are active agents who deliberately choose what pleases them.

answer

True

question

Mass communication uses gatekeepers to determine what consumers come to know, believe, and understand are issues they should deem as worthy of serious attention. This view of how mass communication operates represents:

answer

Agenda Setting Theory

question

Heavy television viewers are more likely to have beliefs that reflect the worldview portrayed by television, which is not equivalent to reality. In television entertainment programming, 77% of major characters that commit crimes perpetrate acts of violence, compared to roughly 10% of actually reported crimes. This is an example of:

answer

Cultivation Theory

question

Part of having media literacy means being skeptical of what is presented.

answer

True

question

The examination of consistent patterns in the ways stories are presented by journalists, broadcasters, and so forth is known as

answer

Frame Analysis

question

Effective listening involves responding, which is expressing interest, asking questions and otherwise showing that we are attentive.

answer

True

question

Communication anxiety can be learned

answer

True

question

Experience is one way to start the process of overcoming communication anxiety

answer

True

question

One's listening ability is primarily determined by his/her I.Q

answer

False

question

Communication anxiety is a normal part of any high-risk communicative experience for most people.

answer

True

question

The following can be done by you to face your communication anxieties:

answer

Realize that some anxiety is normal. Flood your self with the experience that is causing the anxiety. Take care of your self physically. Prepare for risks.

question

The following can be obstacles to effective listening:

answer

Semantic Noise Physiological Noise Psychological Noise

question

Communication anxiety can be the result of all of the following

answer

An innate personality type A poor self-concept Low self-esteem A lack of experience

question

The following are the most common elements that affect the communication process

answer

accents body language noverbal communication

question

Part of learning how to manage our anxiety and fear includes improving our self-concept. All of the following will aid us in this process:

answer

Work to improve ourselves Eliminate negative self-talk Approach others with a positive outlook Set our own standards

question

Ethics should be based on:

answer

Well-founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what human beings ought to do, usually in terms of rights

question

Multiple cultures may exist within a single society or geographic region

answer

True

question

In a multicultural society, the philosophy that adheres to the belief system that there should be respect for uniqueness and tolerance for difference is referred to as cultural pluralism or the _______________ philosophy.

answer

Tossed Salad

question

Groups within the work force, college classes, athletic teams, and/or various types of volunteers that belong to a group tend to acquire a certain way of doing things. This is referred to as:

answer

Organizational Culture

question

The following is an ethical standard, which may help communicators decide how to behave in a principled manner:

answer

The Professional Ethics Standard Immanuel Kant's Categorical Imperative The Utilitarian Rule The 60 Minutes Test

question

The number of women and minorities are expected to decrease in the work force in the future

answer

False

question

One of the most important considerations when attempting to make a sound ethical decision is to determine societal views/norms.

answer

False

question

Ethical Relativism says that when attempting to make a sound ethical decision, we should always do what we have been taught no matter how it impacts someone else.

answer

False

question

Tolearance is a response in which we accept and approve differences between us and other social groups

answer

False

question

By 2050, demographers expect that one out of every ______ Americans will be black, Hispanic, or Asian American.

answer

2

question

We are born with a self-concept.

answer

False

question

People who think highly of themselves are likely to think highly of others.

answer

False

question

The values and views endorsed by a society at any given time are arbitrary and subject to change.

answer

True

question

The self changes over time as we engage in new experiences.

answer

True

question

The self-concept is resistant to change.

answer

False

question

Which of the following terms are used to describe the self-concept?

answer

Open and closed Negotiable and nonnegotiable

question

Hidden communicators tend to

answer

Rarely disclose, but often seek feedback.

question

Howie is not sure how smart he is until his teacher tells him she thinks he is very smart. He then tells his parents "I am a bright boy." The process by which Howie developed his view of his intelligence is:

answer

reflected appraisal

question

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is important to the study of interpersonal communication because _________________.

answer

Communication can help us satisfy each of the needs.

question

The theory that asserts that people find uncertainty uncomfortable and so are motivated to use communication to reduce uncertainty is know as:

answer

uncertainty reducation

question

Sensory data can be different to different people.

answer

True

question

Effective interpersonal communication can narrow perceptual differences.

answer

True

question

It's hardest to empathize with people who are radically different from us.

answer

True

question

Self-serving bias is the subjective process of creating explanations for what we observe and experience.

answer

False

question

Mind reading is useful for good friends who wnat to communicate sincerely.

answer

False

question

Perceiving and understanding are skills to be developed. One way to enhance our skills in perceiving people and situations in ways that facilitate effective communication is:

answer

Avoid mind reading Check perceptions with others Distinguish facts from inferences Monitor the self-serving bias

question

Which of the following is not a perceptual construct?

answer

Age

question

All of the following are causes of inaccurate perception

answer

We cling to first impressions. We're influenced by what is most obvious. We assume others are similar to us. We judge ourselves more charitably than others.

question

What is perception?

answer

The process we use to select, organize and interpret data in our environment

question

Perception checking prevents:

answer

Inaccurate decoding of messages

question

Healthy relationships go through all ten stages of development.

answer

False

question

One important benchmark of an established friendship is the assumption of continuity.

answer

True

question

Small talk typically occurs during the initiating stage of an interpersonal relationship.

answer

False

question

Most of our relationships are personal not social.

answer

False

question

The terminating stage of a relationship can be short or drawn out.

answer

True

question

In which stage of interpersonal relationship development do the parties begin to take on an identity as a social unit?

answer

Integrating

question

The term used to describe non-listening which involves the appearance of listening and attentiveness is:

answer

Pseudolistening

question

Social Exchange Theory suggests that we often seek out people who can give us:

answer

Rewards greater than or equal to the costs we incur in dealing with them

question

When choosing the best listening style it is best to consider:

answer

the situation The other person Yourself The communication climate

question

According to Knapp's model of relationship development, public gestures that show the world that a relationship exists occur in which stage in interpersonal relationships?

answer

Bonding

question

If a speaker is not sure whether he/she wants to inform or persuade the audience members during a presentation, he/she should just combine the two approaches.

answer

False

question

Determining audience members' psychographics is an important step in deciding on a suitable speech topic.

answer

True

question

Listeners are more likely to understand, follow, and remember a speech that is well planned and ordered.

answer

True

question

As long as someone has created a web page, they are considered a credible source to include in a speech.

answer

False

question

If at all possible, a speaker should choose a speech topic that is new to him/her.

answer

False

question

A database is:

answer

A collection of information organized to provide efficient retrieval

question

A good introduction does which of the following

answer

captures the listeners' attention, motivates the audience to listen, provides the thesis statement, and enhances the speaker's credibility

question

In speeches to entertain the primary objective is to:

answer

engage interest amuse

question

Evidence (supporting material) is used in a presentation to

answer

enhance the speaker's credibility. enhance interest and emotional response to ideas. make ideas clearer, more compelling, and more dramatic

question

Though public speaking is enlarged conversation, there are two distinct differences that separate it from other forms of communication. These differences include:

answer

Greater responsibility to plan and prepare Less Interaction

question

If a speaker were attempting to prove that a lack of education makes someone more prone to crime, the cause/effect organizational pattern would probably work best.

answer

True

question

The number of main points included in a presentation is not important as long as the speaker can get all of the information in during the allotted time period.

answer

False

question

To have the most effective delivery, it's best if the speaker uses personal pronouns (referring to themselves as I rather than the speaker, for example).

answer

True

question

Aristotle pointed out that an effective strategic approach to persuading someone to do something is to appeal to his/her emotions.

answer

True

question

One strategy that has been shown to be effective when trying to persuade someone to change is to appeal to his/her needs.

answer

True

question

Aristotle said that above all of the available means to persuasion, perhaps _________________ is the most potent.

answer

Pathos

question

If someone wanted to give an overview of a city in which their audience members were planning to visit, the best organizational approach would be:

answer

Spatial

question

Which of the following is a good reason to cite a source during a presentation?

answer

When attempting to appear more knowledgeable about the topic and credible as a speaker When citing statistics When citing controversial information When conveying someone else's ideas or information either verbatim or by paraphrasing

question

A method of support in which the speaker shows how one idea is similar to another:

answer

Comparison

question

PowerPoint is:

answer

A software package designed for presentations

question

Body language is crucial in determining our initial credibility with people.

answer

True

question

One of the advantages of public speaking is it doesn't require as much preparation as face-to-face conversations.

answer

False

question

An attractive, conservative physical appearance can enhance our credibility.

answer

True

question

Credibility refers to how trustworthy, intelligent, knowledgeable, and/or skilled the listener(s)/receiver(s) perceives the speaker (sender) to be.

answer

True

question

In formal presentations and casual conversations, we signal interest by holding eye contact and assuming an attentive posture.

answer

True

question

Between _____ and ______of the meaning of our total message is communicated through nonverbal communication.

answer

70 and 90 %

question

Movement of a speaker's hands, arms, fingers, legs and/or feet to express thought.

answer

Gestures

question

Which of the following is NOT a part of the motivated sequence pattern used to organize a persuasive speech?

answer

Transition Step

question

Chronemics refers to:

answer

how we perceive and use time to define identites and interaction.

question

This is the most recommended style of delivery for a speech over five minutes in length. A speaker who uses this style will carefully prepare, rehearse and finally present his/her information with a brief set of notes.

answer

Extemporaneous

question

At which stage of the group development process should the group's purpose be clarified?

answer

Forming

question

Every organization (like every family) has ways of thinking, acting, and viewing work that are shared by members of the organization and reflect the organization's distinct identity. This is referred to as

answer

Organizational Culture

question

At which stage of the group development process do members engage in small talk?

answer

Forming

question

Group work can only live up to its potential as long as:

answer

each member learns to manage their strengths and weaknesses and the strengths and weaknesses of others

question

The tendency of group members to conform and agree with each other to avoid conflict is referred to as:

answer

Groupthink

question

One challenge in managing personal relationships on the job includes the difficult task that a supervisor often faces of having to give the subordinate-friend negative feedback when negative feedback is essential to effective performance on the job.

answer

True

question

Group Hate Theory suggests that people hate working in groups because of previous experiences with untrained groups.

answer

True

question

Group communication should be a conscious effort.

answer

True

question

Line communication is always vertical communication up and down the hierarchy of an organization

answer

False

question

A group is characterized by different and complementary resources of members and by a strong sense of collective identity.

answer

False

question

If social climbing does not increase the status of those doing it, they often become marginal participants.

answer

True

question

Individuals often produce better results when making decisions alone rather than as a group member.

answer

False

question

Conflict within a group is unnatural and is always counterproductive.

answer

False

question

Groupthink is the process by which all group members independently arrive at the same conclusion creating a group consensus.

answer

False

question

For a group to exist, the people must interact and be interdependent, have a common goal, and share some rules of conduct.

answer

True

question

Which of the following were identified as the task goals of group communication?

answer

Learning Problem-solving Self-help Social

question

The group member who encourages other group members to share their personal attitudes about information exchanged in the group and other group activities, is functioning in the role of

answer

Opinion Seeker

question

Synergy is closest in meaning to which of the following terms?

answer

Cohesiveness

question

Select behaviors characteristic of group members striving to achieve specific goals within group communication are referred to in this lesson as

answer

Group Roles

question

Cohesiveness is characteristic of which stage of a group's development?

answer

Performing

question

Components of Communication

answer

Source, Encoding, Message, Channel, Receiver, Decoding, Feedback, Noise

question

Noise

answer

Any interference that causes the message you send to be different from the message your audience understands

question

Channel

answer

A medium though which a message is sent to a mass audience

question

Attribution Theory

answer

the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition

question

Cognitive Theory

answer

A theory of human development that focuses on changes in how people think over time. According to this theory, our thoughts shape our attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.

question

Visualization Techniques

answer

a mental practice focuses attention on a mental object such as an imagined image

question

Rapid Thought

answer

the average person is capable of understanding up to 600 words per minute. The average person talks 150 words per minute.

question

Demographic Factors

answer

Characteristics such as age, marital status, gender, ethnicity, and occupation that help to describe or classify a person as a member of a group.

question

Society as Melting Pot

answer

encouraged newcomers to melt into the mainstream by surrendering any ways that made them different from native-born citizens

question

Transactional Model

answer

a model should include the feature of time and should depict communication as varying, not constant.

question

Shannon-Weaver Model

answer

model that shows a message being sent from a sender to a decoder / includes noise, medium, etc.

question

Trait Theory

answer

A theory of personality that focuses on identifying, describing, and measuring individual differences in behavioral predispositions

question

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

answer

the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes

question

Accommodation Theory

answer

we adjust our speech to accommodate others, commonly convergence occurs

question

Mnemonic Devices

answer

techniques for using associations to memorize and retrieve information

question

Social Exchange Theory

answer

the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

question

Social Constructivist Theory

answer

An approach that emphasizes the social contexts of learning and that knowledge is mutually built and constructed. Vygotsky's theory reflects this approach.

question

Hearing

answer

a physiological activity that occurs when sound waves hit function- ing eardrums.

question

Listening

answer

involves being mindful, selecting and organizing information, interpreting communica- tion, responding, physically receiving messages, and remembering

question

Obstacles to Effective Listening

answer

situational obstacles that are in communication contexts, and internal obstacles that are within communicators.

question

Incomprehensibility

answer

exists when a message is not clearly understandable because of language or transmission problems.

question

Message Overload

answer

occurs when we receive more messages than we can effectively process. For good reason, our era has been dubbed "the information age."

question

Message Complexity

answer

which exists when a message we are trying to understand is highly complex, is packed with detailed information, or involves intricate reasoning

question

Environmental Distractions

answer

constitute a fourth impediment to effective listening. These are occurrences in the communication set- ting that interfere with effective listening.

question

Preoccupation

answer

One of the most common hinderances to listening. When we are absorbed in our thoughts and concerns, we can't focus on what someone else is saying.

question

Prejudgement

answer

the tendency to judge others or their ideas before we've heard them.

question

Ethnocentrism

answer

the tendency to regard ourselves and our way of life as normal and superior to other people and other ways of life.

question

Ethics

answer

is a branch of philosophy that focuses on moral principles and codes of conduct.

question

Ethical Standards or Principles

answer

allowing others to make informed and willing choices respect for differences between people

question

Organizational Culture

answer

the general term for the understandings about an organization's identity and codes of thought and action that members of an organization share.

question

Ageism

answer

Discrimination or prejudice based on a person's age.

question

Culture

answer

Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.

question

Anxiety

answer

An emotional state of high energy, with the stress response as the body's reaction to it.

question

Co-cultures

answer

Groups of people living within a dominant culture but exhibiting communication that is sufficiently different to distinguish them form the dominant culture

question

Cultural Relativism

answer

recognizes that cultures vary in how they think and behave as well as in what they believe and value

question

Sexism

answer

Attitudes or behavior based on traditional stereotypes of sexual roles.

question

Diversity

answer

Differences in characteristics of people; can involve personality, work style, race, age, ethnicity, gender, religion, education, functional level at work, etc.

question

Self Concept

answer

is the stable set of perceptions each of us holds about ourselves

question

Self Esteem

answer

the prevailing attitude one holds about one's self-concept

question

Perceived Self

answer

is our perception of how others view us

question

Presenting Self

answer

the way a person presents him or herself to fit into a situation or environment.

question

Ideal Self

answer

the self a person wishes to be

question

Reflected Appraisal

answer

The image and estimate of ourselves that others communicate to us

question

Identity Management Strategies

answer

communication strategies used by people who want to manage other people's impressions of them. It involves the manipulation of manner, appearance, and setting.

question

Sense of Self

answer

An individual's unique sense of identity that has been influenced by social, cultural, and psychological experiences; your sense of who you are in relation to other people.

question

Perception Process

answer

s a three-step process designed to help you become more aware of things and people in the environment around you. Selection Organization Interpretation

question

Physical Constructs

answer

(attractive-not attractive) People are classified according to their appearance (e.g., beautiful, skinny, tall, etc.).

question

Psychological Constructs

answer

(secure-not secure) People are classified according to their mental abilities (intelligent, average, etc.).

question

Group Membership Constructs

answer

People are classified according to the groups they belong (Asian American, Republican, retiree, baseball team member, etc.)

question

Stereotypes

answer

A predictive generalization about people or situations

question

Perception checking

answer

is a means to more meaningful interpretations of human behavior.

question

Role Constructs

answer

People are classified according to their social position (mother, student, friend, etc.).

question

Interaction Constructs

answer

People are classified according to their social behavior (friendly, shy, etc.).

question

Which type of communicator is most effective in facilitating communication?

answer

Open Communicators

question

What are the characteristics of the blind communicator?

answer

Discloses excessively, without regard for feedback

question

Open Communicators

answer

consistently discloses and regularly seeks feedback from others.

question

Blind communicators

answer

discloses excessively, but rarely seeks feedback from others.

question

Hidden Communicators

answer

rarely disclose, but consistently seek feedback from others.

question

Closed communicators

answer

rarely disclose and rarely seek feedback from others.

question

The Johari Window

answer

encourages us to think about what we know about ourselves because of our habits of self-disclosure. helps in understanding those characteristics that you know about yourself personally as well as those that others know about you. It also helps you acknowledge the personal characteristics you know and hide from others, the personal characteristics that others know but you don't know, and the personal characteristics that you and others have not discovered.

question

Self Disclosure

answer

is the willingness to share information, attitudes, and feelings that give others insight into who you really are

question

Closed Self Concept

answer

is a self-concept that is nonnegotiable. People with closed self-concepts, after developing a sense of self, consistently make choices and establish relationships that reinforce their existing image of themselves.

question

Open Self Concepts

answer

discover themselves and their potential through their interactions with others. they continue to expose themselves to new experiences, even after developing a sense of who they are. An open self-concept is constantly evolving.

question

Social Comparison

answer

Comparing ourselves with others to form judgments of our talents, abilities, qualities, and so forth.

question

Perceptual Schema

answer

s a cognitive framework that facilitates the categorization of data we receive about others and reduces uncertainty about people we meet, making it easier to get to know them.

question

Which of the following are physiological factors, which shape perception

answer

The senses

question

We tend to notice stimuli in our environment that are:

answer

Intense, Unique, Changing and Constrasting

question

These statements can be made about perceptual schema:

answer

They encourage students to think about and understand their perceptions. They are cognitive frameworks that facilitate the categorization of data we learn about others. They include five constructs, which represent the primary ways we perceive others.

question

The stages in the perception process are:

answer

Selection, organization and interpretation

question

Our perceptions are sometimes distorted because of:

answer

Defending our own positions Physiological and psychological noise Ignoring the fact that people are different. Personal needs and biases

question

Our perceptions of a person, object or event depends more upon the person, object or event than it depends upon the mind of the observer.

answer

False

question

We tend to assume others are like us.

answer

True

question

We are influenced by what is most obvious.

answer

True

question

We cling to first impressions.

answer

True

question

Stages of Relationship Development

answer

identified ten stages of relationship development that result in relationships naturally "coming together" and naturally "coming apart." Notice that the "coming together" phase is driven by self-disclosure, and the "coming apart" phase is marked by waning communication.

question

Initiating

answer

This brief stage is the stage of introduction, characterized by handshakes and phatic communication. Phatic communication is communication that opens channels of communication. "Hello" and "How are you?" are examples. Bonding - In this stage the parties demonstrate their commitment to each other with symbolic gestures of bonding, which may include, but are not limited to, marriage.

question

Experimenting

answer

In this stage both parties express interest in knowing each other better by experimenting with small talk.

question

Intensifying

answer

In this stage an interpersonal relationship begins to develop as both parties begin to express feelings of interest or attraction for each other.

question

Integrating

answer

In this stage the parties give up parts of themselves to become different people. They begin to take on an identity as a social unit. Their interactions reflect their knowledge of each other as well as their obligation to each other.

question

Bonding

answer

In this stage the parties demonstrate their commitment to each other with symbolic gestures of bonding, which may include, but are not limited to, marriage.

question

Differentiating

answer

In this stage the parties need to reestablish their individual identities.

question

Circumscribing

answer

In this stage the communication between the parties decreases in quantity and quality, causing the relationship to reach a plateau of development.

question

Stagnating

answer

In this stage no growth occurs as the parties express fewer and fewer emotions.

question

Avoiding

answer

In this stage stagnation becomes uncomfortable, so the parties begin to avoid each other.

question

Terminating

answer

In this stage the parties choose to dissociate

question

Communication Climate

answer

develops automatically in relationships and reflecting the feelings of the participants

question

win-win problem solving

answer

involves compromise that results in both parties getting some of what they want

question

Steps in win-win problem solving:

answer

Identify the problem. Describe the problem to the other party. Ask the other party to describe his or her understanding of the problem as you stated it. Ask the other party to describe the problem from his or her perspective. Describe as best you can what you perceive as the other person's understanding of the problem. Discuss possible solutions to the problem. Identify solutions that solve the problem as it was generally described by both of you. Compromise on solutions.

question

Pseudo listening

answer

an imitation of listening, accompanied by the nonverbal cues that would normally enhance the meaning of the message.

question

We tend not to express our emotions effectively because

answer

Social roles The inability to recognize emotions Fear of self-disclosure

question

Two things that distinguish facilitative emotions from debilitative emotions are

answer

Intensity and duration

question

Win-win problem solving is seldom used because

answer

There is a lack of awareness of it Emotional reflexes prevent constructive solutions It requires both people's cooperation

question

NONE of the following are true about conflict

answer

Conflict is natural All relationships experience conflict Conflict can be beneficial Conflict draws our attention to the need for change in our relationships

question

Facilitative emotions

answer

Contribute to effective communication

question

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

answer

(level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization

question

self fulfilling prophecy

answer

People have an expectation about what another person is like, which influences how they act toward that person, which causes that person to behave consistently with people's original expectations, making the expectations come true

question

Identity Needs

answer

formed by communication, people tend to believe what they are told, people form identities by comparing themselves to others

question

Purposed of Speech

answer

to perform, to persuade, and to entertain

question

Thesis Statement

answer

tells the audience what it can expect

question

Organization

answer

An introduction that informs your audience what you intend to discuss A body of material that tells them what you have to say A conclusion that reminds your audience what you just told them

question

Outline

answer

The following is a speech outline that should ultimately be developed. Introduction Attention Step Thesis Statement Preview of Main Points Body Three to five main points with transition statements between each Conclusion Review of Main Points Memorable Ending

question

Visual Aids

answer

add clarity and interest and can act as proof for a major point

question

Visuals can help

answer

the speaker to remember his/her speech the audience members to remember the information contained in the speech the speaker to stay organized

question

The following is a good resource for gathering ideas and information for a presentation

answer

Face-to-face interviews Television programs Professional organizations

question

Clear organization is important because:

answer

It enhances the speaker's credibility (speaker appears more knowledgeable, organized, prepared, etc.) It increases audience retention (the amount of information that the audience remembers)

question

The number of main points recommended to include in a speech is:

answer

3 to 5

question

Informative Organizational Patterns

answer

Topical, Spatial, and Chronological

question

Topical Pattern

answer

divides the subject into three to five key areas and offers a running theme throughout.

question

Spatial Pattern

answer

relies on space, direction, or locale for an organizing principle

question

Chronological Pattern

answer

arranges material according to a sequence in time.

question

Persuasive Organizational Patterns

answer

Cause-Effect/Effect-Cause Problem-Solution Monroe's Motivated Sequence Comparative Advantages

question

Aristotle's Persuasive Appeals

answer

Logos, Ethos, and Pathos

question

The following verbal and vocal elements affect a speaker's credibility:

answer

Jargon Paralanguage Slang Accent Grammar Fillers Articulation

question

Group Communication

answer

goal-oriented communication with a group size of from three to twelve people. Large group communication involves more than twelve people Goal Oriented

question

Stages of Group Development

answer

Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing

question

Forming

answer

In this first stage in the life of a group, members engage in small talk to get acquainted and clarify purpose.

question

Storming

answer

This second stage in the life of a group is characterized by conflict. Conflict emerges because of differences in member personalities, goals, and interpretations of tasks.

question

Norming

answer

At this stage of development the members discuss or determine the norms of their group communication. Norms are standards of interaction. While some norms are defined for groups, all groups must go through the process of clarifying the norms of interaction and identifying additional norms, if necessary.

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Performing

answer

When groups overcome the obstacles to group communication, they develop the cohesiveness necessary for effective group communication. Some groups never reach this stage.

question

Which stage of group development is characterized by conflict?

answer

Storming

question

Why is conflict essential in communication?

answer

It draws attention to the unsatisfied needs of the people involved in the communication

question

Why do some people hate group work?

answer

because they have not been trained to communicate effectively in groups because equal participation among group members is unlikely

question

What sequence of stages do groups move through in their development

answer

Forming, storming, norming and performing

question

How are the types of group communication defined?

answer

Groups are defined by purpose Groups are defined by the number of people in them

question

Large Group Communication Patterns

answer

Chain or Line Communication Vertical or Horizontal

question

Small Group Communication Patterns

answer

Star, Circle, and Wheel

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Mostly found in small group communication, this pattern has no designated leader.

answer

Circle Diagram

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This pattern suggests that members strive to communicate equally with each other.

answer

Star Diagram

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Associated with large group communication, this pattern allows for the quick problem solving.

answer

Y Diagram

question

What is the most effective of all small group communication patterns with a central leader.

answer

Wheel Diagram

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The larger this pattern is, the more likely message content will be lost in transmission.

answer

Chain Diagram

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Synergy

answer

created when each group member works in concert to produce a product that none could have produced alone is an important component of group communication because the success of group communication depends on the ability of each group member to work in ways that complements and enhances the work of other group members

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Task Roles:

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The initiator gets the group started by motivating individuals to work. The information giver shares information the group may find useful. The information seeker asks for information to fulfill the group's goals. The opinion seeker encourages group members to share their personal opinions about group activities. The summarizer evaluates the group's progress toward meeting group goals. The diagnostician identifies problems related to the task and process in the group's communication. The coordinator organizes and arranges ideas and group efforts to boost the group's productivity. The secretary keeps a record of the group's activities. The spokesperson orally communicates the group's ideas to others.

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Maintenance Roles

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The facilitator helps other group members share ideas and participate. The harmonizer helps group members avoid dissension. The leader functions in a variety of roles, demonstrating communication competence in his or her choice of roles

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Disruptive Roles

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The isolationist excludes him/herself from the group by failing to exchange ideas. The dominator contributes too much or too often to discussions. The detractor criticizes and gripes. The digresser takes the group on wild goose chases. The airhead participates in group activities without preparation. The socializer builds personal relationships and pursues personal interests without regard for the task needs of the group. The recognition seeker attracts attention by boasting about past experiences. The jokester uses inappropriate humor to attract attention.

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John Dewey's Reflective Thinking Method

answer

Identify the problem Analyze the problem Identify the criteria for selecting a solution to the problem Generate solutions Evaluate the solutions Enact the best solution

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Why should group members assume maintenance roles in group communication?

answer

to minimize conflict in group communication To keep the group in tact as it pursues its goals

question

How was the leader defined in this lesson?

answer

The group member who functions in a variety of roles, demonstrating communication competence in his or her choice of roles

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Which roles in group communication contribute most to the group's raison d'etre?

answer

Task Roles

question

Why do people assume disruptive roles in group communication?

answer

to cover up a lack of preparedness Because it gives them a false sense of power and control Because they don't know how to function in more productive roles should Because they don't take group communication seriously

question

All of the following statements are true about the dominator:

answer

The dominator sometimes contributes too much to discussions The dominator sometimes contributes too often in group discussions The dominator dominates discussions because other group members don't contribute as they should Dominators do not realize that their contributions sometimes inhibit the positive contributions of others

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What is a task goal?

answer

A goal related to the mission of the group

question

What is Role Emergence Theory?

answer

It refers to the roles group members are likely to assume as they work in groups

question

Task goals are more important than maintenance goals in group communication.

answer

False

question

What is synergy in group communication?

answer

Working in concert with other group members to produce something greater than any member(s) of the group could have produced alone

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Which of the following types of conflict result from the group members' competition with each other for perceived limited resources?

answer

Material Conflict

question

Which of the following was not identified as a factor of cohesiveness in group communication?

answer

Type of Group

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All of the following are characteristics of conflict:

answer

Expressed struggle Incompatible goals Interdependence Scarce Resources

question

Solomon Asch's research dealt with

answer

GroupThink

question

At which stage of group development is cohesiveness most evident?

answer

Performing

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Mass Communication

answer

All media that address mass audiences.

question

Netiquette

answer

"Network etiquette." The unofficial rules of accepted, proper online social conduct

question

Mainstreaming

answer

The effect of television in stabilizing and homogenizing views within a society; one of two processes used to explain television's cultivation of synthetic world views.

question

Gatekeeper

answer

A person, group, or institution that controls the choice and presentation of topics by media.

question

Cultivation Theory

answer

The theory that media promote an inaccurate world view that viewers assume reflects real life.

question

When a TV show or film incorporates the product into the storyline they are engaging in

answer

Immersive advertising

question

Of all the cadets who withdrew from the Citadel in 1995, the media selected Shannon Faulkner and called her to the public's attention. This is an example of which of the following?

answer

Agenda Setting

question

Uses and gratification assumes that consumers of mass media are active agents who deliberately choose what pleases them

answer

True

question

The premise of cultivation theory is that the more one attends to television (heavy viewers) the more distorted perspective of reality they hold.

answer

True

question

Becoming media literate takes little work.

answer

False

question

Heavy television viewers are more likely to have beliefs that reflect the worldview portrayed by television, which is not equivalent to reality. In television entertainment programming, 77% of major characters that commit crimes perpetrate acts of violence, compared to roughly 10% of actually reported crimes. This is an example of __________.

answer

Cultivation Theory

question

Television's tendency to stabilize and homogenize views within a society in order to create a single allegedly mainstream view is known as __________.

answer

Mainstreaming

question

To become a more responsible and thoughtful consumer of mass communication we should

answer

develop media literacy be aware of the patterns mass media employ recognize that mass communication is one of many influences on individuals and society

question

The telegraph inaugurated the electronic era

answer

True

question

Part of having media literacy means being skeptical of what is presented

answer

True

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