Economics Money – Flashcards

Exchanging products or services with others by agreeing on their values without using money. This is difficult because of setting values & having something to trade.

Replaces the need for bartering. Money allows us to exchange Value for goods & services and is more widely accepted, it has a portable measure of value and a designated, predetermined, clear value. It is a unit of account (what something is worth in dollars in the U. S.

2 Forms 1) IN HAND- cash & coins 2) IN ACCOUNTS-credit, debit (can store & transfer money using banks & financial institutions.

Instant access

Large sums can't be carried & could be lost

Won't get lost, stolen

Don't have instant access & there are fees to use

Is considered Representative Money

Money that is backed by an item of value, such as gold or silver (gold or silver standard), that can be exchanged for a valuable good, allows currency to be traded for a commodity as gold or silver.

Fiat Money

Money that has value simply because the government says it does is, value is influenced by exchange rates and can change in value because of government regulations.

Commodity Money

Objects that have value in themselves and that are also used as money, often includes gold & silver. Was the most common form of money in the past.

Has a value Can vary from nation to nation Can be divisible (ex: can be divided) & have denominations (ex: the Euro) U.S. currency is backed by trust, not gold or silver

Divisible, portable, acceptable, scarce, durable

The measure of how quickly an investment can be converted into cash

The most liquid form of money

Category of money supply that is currency in circulation and money in demand (checking) accounts. Plus travelers checks. More liquid.

Category of money supply that includes all four categories of money (Cash & Currency in circulation and Demand accounts (M1) and Savings accounts, Investment accounts) CDs, Money Market accounts. Savings & Investment accounts are less liquid.

Checking & Savings accounts because you can withdraw money

What types of money are NOT included in M1, the Basic Money Supply? Savings accounts are M2

Managed Accounts, can help people make their money grow over time, and be prepared for large expenses, for example college education.

Economy depends on the ABILITY OF CITIZENS TO EXCHANGE

Changes in value compared to other country's (exchange rate) example .75 Euro = 1.00 U.S.

A nation's money supply is the amount of money available in the economy at one time. The supply must be monitored and balanced to make sure that the right amount of money exists so that inflation does not occur rapidly.

US Currency has value backed by the federal government

Serves as a way to help us exchange value Helps us store value that we have created Helps us to assign value to things that can be bought and sold

The portability of money allows us to make purchases easily The acceptability of money saves us from confusion Both of the above qualities allow us to exchange value more easily

It is important to study the supply of money so we can understand how accessible money is in our system. Because money can exist in different forms and in different kinds of accounts, it can be more or less liquid. The money supply allows us to assess the liquidity of money and categorizing the money supply helps us to understand how accessible money is.

To set apart or designate for a special purpose; to distribute to those who are needy

A plan that balances available resources and expenses.

An obligation to pay something.

Spending in excess of revenue that has to be financed with borrowed money.

Money spent.

Revenue in excess of spending.

Government approach to taxing & spending. Taxes to Govt to spending.

Meeting public needs (safety, police, education, health care, infrastructure), Improving economic indicators.

The individual designated to be in charge of preparing an organization's budget.

When the government spends to improve education or health care.

When the government spends to improve the unemployment rate or increase GDP.

Reducing unemployment Improving economic stability Improving production Encouraging competition

Balance social needs & economic growth

Helps create great teachers=great students=better economy

Personal motivation-voters & govt leaders are motivated by personal needs (Pork) Special interests-can receive extra attention at the public expense Heavy social needs-Social needs can be costly to resolve

Details how $ is spent in a year, . A budget shows how the govt plans to: allocate & to programs & projects operate services & departments, create funds to buy equipment & supplies for the govt, the goal is to have a balanced budget

Revenues=Expenditures

Requires a govt to take on debt, causes debt to increase

The govt must pay interest on the borrowed $

To the budget

From citizens or from other countries (China, Europe, Sales of govt bonds

2008

Mandatory-required by law 58% Discretionary-can be changed each year 36% Interest-interest payments on gov't debt 6%

Inject capital into the market Reduce unemployment by creating projects for people to work on, People will have $ to spend Increase production

The savings, taxes and import spending that remove spending from the circular flow of income.

Taxation to Gov't Sector to Govt Spending that is injected into Firms that Pay Employees who Buy Goods & Services in Households to Leakages ($ taken out of the circular path as savings, taxes, & paying for imports) Then back to Taxation.

Millions of Americans & that affects levels of unemployment and levels of spending,

The gov't directly pays the employees, Gov'y programs provide income support to millions of citizens (example: Social Security, Medicare)

Gov't sends funds to state & local governments Companies & universities receive special grants to complete projects (example: rebuild roads, projects, etc). Government spending can greatly affect the US economy.

Spending occurs when the gov't chooses to run a larger deficit. The theory is that raising spending stimulates the economy. (Raising revenue & lowering expenditures)

More jobs, Helps business grow, Helps new industries develop, Funds research & development

Can lead to debt, Can cause inflation & higher prices

Gov't chooses to REDUCE the deficit or GAIN a surplus. The theory is that cutting spending improves gov't finances.

Reduces debt, Improves inflation & lowers prices

Can increase unemployment, can reduce consumer spending