EBP – Flashcard
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Nursing Research
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a scientific process that validates and refines existing knowledge and generates new knowledge that directly and indirectly influences nursing practice
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Evidence-based Practice
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the conscientious integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values and needs in the delivery of high-quality, cost-effective health care.
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Purpose of research in nursing
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includes description, explanation, prediction, and control of phenomenon
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Nightingale
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first nurse researcher who developed empirical knowledge to improve practice
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How knowledge is acquired
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tradition, authority, borrowing, trial and error, personal experience, role modeling, intuition, reasoning, and research
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Quantitative Research
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formal, objective, systematic process using numerical data to obtain information about the world. Used to describe, examine relationships, and determine cause and effect
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Qualitative Research
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systematic, subjective approach used to describe life experiences and give them meaning. This knowledge will provide meaning and understanding of specific emotions, values, and life experiences.
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Outcome Research
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focuses on examining the results of care or determining the changes in health status for the patient
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Research Evidence in nursing and health care
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synthesized using: systematic review, meta-analysis, integrative review, metasummary, and metasynthesis
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Systematic review
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structured, comprehensive synthesis of quanitative studies in a particular healthcare area to determine the best research evidence available for expert clinicians to use to promote and EBP
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Meta-analysis
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type of study that statistically pools the results from previous studies into a single quantitative analysis that provides one of the highest levels of evidence for an intervention's efficacy
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Integrative review
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research includes the identification, analysis, and synthesis of research findings from independent quanitative, outcomes, and qualitative studies to determine the current knowledge (what is known and not known) in a particular area
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Qualitative Research synthesis
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includes two categories: qualitative metasummary and qualitative metasynthesis
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Qualitative Metasummary
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the synthesis of the findings across qualitative reports to describe the current knowledge in an area
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Qualitative Metasynthesis
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provides fully integrated, novel description or explanation of a target event or experience verses a summary view of that event or experience
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Levels of research
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Highest: systematic research reviews and meta-analysis of high-quality experimental studies
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EB guidelines
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rigorous, explicit clinicla guidelines developed based on the best research evidence available in that area
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BSN, MSN, & Doctorate Nurses
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have clearly designated roles in research
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Quantitative research process
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involves conceptualizing a research project, planning and implementing that project, an communicating the findings.
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Research problem
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an area of concern in which there is a gap in the knowledge needed for nursing practice. The research purpose it generated from the problem and identifies the specific goal or aim of the study
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Relevant Literature Review
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conducted to generate a picture of what is known and unknown about a particular topic and provides a rationale for why the study needs to be conducted
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Study framework
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the theoretical basis for a study that guides the developement of the study and enables the researcher to link the findings to nursing's body of knowledge
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Research objectives/questions/hypotheses
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formulated to bridge the gap between the more abstractly stated research problem, purpose, the study design and plan for data collection and analysis
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Study variables
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concepts at various levels of abstraction that are measured, manipulated, or controlled in a study
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Assumptions
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statements that are taken for granted or are considered true even though they have not been scientifically tested
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Limitations
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theoretical or methodological restrictions in a study that may decrease the generalizability of the findings
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Research design
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a blueprint for conducting a study that maximizes control over factors that could interfere with the study's desired outcomes
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Population
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all of the elements that meet certain criteria for inclusion in a study
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Sample
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subset of the population that is selected for a particular study
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subjects
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members of the study
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Measurment
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process of assigning numerical values to objects, events, or situations in accord with some rule.
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Methods of measurment
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identified to measure each of the variables in a study
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Data collection process
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involves precise, systematic gathering of information relevant to the research purpose of the objectives, questions, or hypotheses of a study.
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Data analysis
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conducted to reduce, organize, and give meaning to the data and to address the research purpose and/or objectives, questions, and hypotheses
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Research outcomes
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include the conclusions or findings, generalization of findings, implications for nursing, and suggestions for further research
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Content of a research report
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1-abstract 2-introduction 3-methods 4-results 5- discussion 6-references
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reading research reports
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skimming, comprehending, and analyzing the report
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Critical appraisal of guidelines
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1-type of quantitative study (descriptive, correlational, quasi-experimental, or experimental) 2-identification of introduction, methods, results, and discussion 3-identification of steps in the process and were they clear 4-were any steps missing
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Quantitative Reasearch
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-traditional approach -includes:descriptive, correlational, quasi-experimental, and experimental -requires rigor and control
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basic/pure research
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scientific investigation of that involves the pursuit of "knowledge for knowledge's sake" or for the pleasure of learning and finding truth
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Applied/practical research
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a scientific investigation conducted to generate knowledge and will directly influence or improve clinical practice
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Qualitative Research
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systematic, subjective approach used to describe life experiences and give them meaning using words, instead of numbers - requires adherence to a philosophical perspective, thouroughness in collecting, analyzing, an interpreting the data and transparency in the description of the methods
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Prevention of Bias (qualitative)
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researchers set aside their own values and experiences to allow the multiple realities of the persons experiencing a phenomenon to emerge
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Phenomenological Researchers
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provide descriptions of a specific experience from the perspective of the persons who have lived the experience
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Grounded Theory Researchers
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explore underlying social processes and describe the meaning of an event as expressed through the symbols of language, religion, relationships, and clothing -may result in a theoretical framewok
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Ethnographic researchers
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spend time in a culture to understand the environment, people, power relations, and communication patterns of a work setting, community, or ethnic group.
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Historical researchers
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explore past events to gain insight into causes and factors surrounding the event
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Data collection (qualitative)
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occurs in the context of the relationship between the participant and the researcher
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Qualitative data
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collected through interviews, focus groups, observation, and review of documents
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Data management (Qualitative)
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analysis and interpretation require clear procedures to ensure methodological rigor and credibility of the findings
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Review of literature
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summary of current knowledge about a particular practice problem and includes what is known and not known about this problem -reviewed to summarize knowledge for use in practice or to provide a basis for conducting a study - introduction, includes data-based sources, and concludes with a summary of current knowledge
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Theory
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an integrated set of defined concepts and statements that present a view of a phenomenon and can be used to describe, explain, predict, and control that phenomenon
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1st step in understanding theories
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become familiar with the elements related to theoretical ideas and their application. -includes concepts, definitions of concepts, relational statements, and a map or model
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Conceptual Model
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similar to a theory but more abstract, broadly explains phenomenon of interest, expresses assumptions, and reflects a philosophical stance
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Framework
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-an abstract, logical structure of meaning, such as a portion of a theory, that guides the development of the study, is tested in the study, and enables the researcher to link the findings to nursing's body of knowledge. -every study has one -must identify and define the concepts and the relational statements or propositions being tested and sometimes includes a model or map
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Testing a theory
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determining the truth of each relational statement in the theory
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Middle range theories
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less abstract and narrower in scope than conceptual models
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Practice/intervention theories
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more specific than middle range theories and are designed to theoretically propose specific approaches to particular nursing practice situations
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Theoretical basis for phsychological studies
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usually derived from physiology, genetics, pathophysiology, and physics and is scientific theory
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Scientific Theory
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has valid and reliable methods of measuring each concept, and its relational statements or propositions have been tested through research and found to be valid
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Critically appraising a framework
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requires the identification and evaluation of the concepts, their definitions, and the statements linking the concepts
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Intellectual Critical Appraisal of Research
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requires careful examination of all aspects of a study to judge its strengths, weaknesses, meaning, and significance.
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Reasons for Critically Appraising Research
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broaden understanding, improve practice, and provide a background for conducting a study
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Critical Appraisal Process
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includes: comprehension, comparison, analysis, and evaluation
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Critical Appraisal Guideline (qualitative)
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includes: assessing significance, rigor, the logic of the conclusions, and the congruence of methods to the research tradition
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Benefits of EBP
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-joint commission and Magnet hospital program support EBP practice
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Models to promote EBP
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Stetler Model of Research Utilization to Facilitate EBP and the Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Quality of Care
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Phases of Stetler Model
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Preparation, validation, comparative evaluation/decision making, translation/application, and evaluation
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The Grove Model for Implementing EBP Guidelines in Practice
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provided to assist nurses in determining the quality of EBP guidelines and the steps for using these guidelines in practice
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Institutional Review Boards (IRB)
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Committee that reviews research to ensure that the researcher is conducting the research ethically
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Institutional Review
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where a study is examined for ethical concerns by a committee of the researcher's peers -policy on protection on human subjecs
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Inductive
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specific to general
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Deductive
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general to specific
